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Energetic Particles in the Geospace and Space Weather

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Energetic Particles in the Geospace and Space Weather

A simulation study on spatial and time resolution for a cost-effective positron emission particle tracking system

中国地球空间双星探测计划科学研讨会

作者： Q.-G.Zong t.a.fritz Z.Y.Pu Z.X.Liu

＜正＞ It has been known for many years that magneticdisturbences in the Earth magnetosphere are linked toactivity on the *** example,（Bartels,1932）noticed thatcertain parameters which measure magnetospheric activit...

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 312-322页

作者： Josephine Oppotsch Matthias Steinke Miriam Fritsch fritz-Herbert Heinsius thomas Held Nikoline Hilse Viktor Scherer Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum Institut für Experimentalphysik I44801 BochumGermany Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik44801 BochumGermany

this work is the second part of a simulation study investigating the processing of densely packed and moving granular assemblies by positron emission particle tracking (PEPt).Since medical positron emission tomography (PEt) scanners commonly used for PEPt are very expensive,a PEt-like detector system based on cost-effective organic plastic scintillator bars is being developed and tested for its *** this context,the spatial resolution of a resting positron source,a source moving on a freely designed model path,and a particle motion given by a discrete element method (DEM) simulation is studied using Monte Carlo simulations and the software toolkit *** not only extended the simulation and reconstruction to a moving source but also significantly improved the spatial resolution compared to previous work by adding oversampling and iteration to the reconstruction ***,in the case of a source following a trajectory developed from DEM simulations,a very good resolution of about 1 mm in all three directions and an average 3D deviation between simulated and reconstructed events of 2.3 mm could be ***,the resolution for realistic particle motion within the generic grate system (which is the test rig for further experimental studies) is well below the smallest particle *** simulation of the dependence of the reconstruction accuracy on tracer particle location revealed a nearly constant efficiency within the entire detector system,which demonstrates that boundary effects can be neglected.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking Monte Carlo method time-of-flight Plastic scintillators Silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)

A simulation study for a cost-effective PEt-like detector system intended to track particles in granular assemblies

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 117-125页

作者： Josephine Oppotsch Antonios Athanassiadis Miriam Fritsch fritz-Herbert Heinsius thomas Held Nikoline Hilse Viktor Scherer Matthias Steinke Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum Institut für Experimentalphysik I44801 BochumGermany Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik44801 BochumGermany

Since many industrial applications rely on the processing of densely packed and moving granular ma-terial,obtaining bulk internal information on the particle movement inside the reactors is of great *** information can be delivered by Positron Emission Particle tracking(PEPt).By marking pellets with a positron-emitting radioisotope,the position of these tracer particles can be determined via the time-of-flight differences of the emitted gamma-ray *** current paper proposes a PEt-like detector system based on cost-effective organic plastic scintillators instead of the more common but expensive inorganic *** system is currently under construction and was tested for its resolution and efficiency in this simulation *** Monte Carlo simulations and the software toolkit Geant4,three different geometries(an empty glass box,a generic grate system,and a cubic box of 1 m3 completely filled with pellets)were investigated,leading to a spatial resolution in the millimeter range and an efficiency,defined as the ratio of reconstructed decay locations to simulated decays,of 2.7%,1.4%,and 0.3%.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking Geant4 Monte Carlo method time-of-flight Plastic scintillators Silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)

Ca^(2+) binding to the C_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han Chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang Loujin Slitin Jakob Neef Shashank S.Chepurwar Regina Célia Mingroni Netto Karina Lezirovitz Alfredo tabith,Jr. fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch Carolin Wichmann Nicola Strenzke Barbara Vona Julia Preobraschenski tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Collaborative Research Center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Systems Physiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIC Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence(MBExC) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synapses of cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs)employ a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in Supplementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key player in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synaptopathy(Moser and Starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-C_(2)-domain protein(Fig.1Ai)specific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin protein family involved in membrane trafficking and repair that are of major disease relevance(Pangršičet al.,2012),also see Supplementary *** is distributed broadly within IHCs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;Pangrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel tchotet tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic tchuenkam tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo fritz Oben tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

the use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. this study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). the combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. these findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

Ab initio energetic study of oxide ceramics with rare-earth elements

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 549-555页

作者： Matvei Zinkevich fritz Aldinger Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung Institut für Nichtmetallische Anorganische MaterialienUniversitt StuttgartHeisenbergstrasse 3D-70569 StuttgartGermany

Ab initio energetic calculations based on the density functional theory （DFF） and the projector augmented wave method （PAW） for determining the polymorphisms of lanthanide sesquioxides Ln2O3 （where Ln = rare-earth element, Y, and Sc）, LnMO3 perovskites （where M = AI and Ga）, and Ln2B207 pyrochlores （where B = ti, Zr, and Hf） were reported. the relative lattice stabilities agreed well with the critically assessed results or the experimental results except the C-type Ln2O3 with a cubic structure, for which the calculated total energies were considerably more negative. With the increase of the Ln^3＋-cation radius, the polymorphic structures showed a degenerative tendency. the tendencies and quantities of the enthalpies of formation of the ternary oxide ceramics synthesized from their constituent binary oxides reasonably agreed with the available experimental results, and valuable thermodynamic properties were afforded to the compound, for which no experimental data is available. the enthalpies of formation of both perovskites and pyrochlores tend to become more negative with the increase of the Ln^3＋-cation radius.

关键词： rare earth oxide ceramics ab initio calculation lattice stability enthalpy of formation

Organorhenium(Ⅶ) oxides

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 411-421页

作者： KüHN fritz E. JAIN Kavita R. Department für Chemie der technischen Universitt München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 D-85747 Garching bei München Germany

Methyltrioxorhenium (MtO) and its derivatives were utilized as catalysts for a broad variety of organic reactions after the discovery of an easy synthetic access way to this class of compounds. Among the numerous characterization techniques, 17O-NMR spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy were exemplary discussed. the immobilization of MtO and its derivatives is of significant current interest as is the synthesis of chiral derivatives.

关键词： catalysis epoxidation immobilization olefination rhenium

Impact of lattice relaxations on phase transitions in a high-entropy alloy studied by machine-learning potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 670-676页

作者： tatiana Kostiuchenko fritz Körmann Jörg Neugebauer Alexander Shapeev Skolkovo Institute of Science and technology Skolkovo Innovation CenterNobel St.3Moscow 143026Russia Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DüsseldorfGermany Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CD DelftThe Netherlands

Recently,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted wide attention due to their extraordinary materials properties.A main challenge in identifying new HEAs is the lack of efficient approaches for exploring their huge compositional *** initio calculations have emerged as a powerful approach that complements ***,for multicomponent alloys existing approaches suffer from the chemical complexity *** this work we propose a method for studying HEAs *** approach is based on the application of machine-learning potentials based on ab initio data in combination with Monte Carlo *** high efficiency and performance of the approach are demonstrated on the prototype bcc NbMotaW *** approach is employed to study phase stability,phase transitions,and chemical short-range *** importance of including local relaxation effects is revealed:they significantly stabilize single-phase formation of bcc NbMotaW down to room ***,a so-far unknown mechanism that drives chemical order due to atomic relaxation at ambient temperatures is discovered.

关键词： alloy relaxation entropy

Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第13期16卷 1560-1566页

作者： Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer Section on Experimental Radiology Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Tübingen Department of Diagnostic and Intervent ional Radiology University Hospital Tübingen

Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. to determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (Ct), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and Ct provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. these non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Magnetic resonance imaging Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Lipids