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Development of Environment Friendly Paddy Ecosystem for Sustainable Rice Farming through Soil Amendments with Biochar and Alternate Wetting-Drying Irrigations

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第4期10卷 581-596页

作者： Muhammad Aslam Ali Md. Rajib Hassan zubair Al Islam Sanjit Chandra Barman Badiuzzaman Khan Rehana Khatun Hafsa Jahan Hiya Md. touhidul Islam Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Department of Irrigation and Water Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Climate change may badly affect the availability of water and soil nutrients to rice plant. Research experiments were conducted at the Environmental Science Departmental field, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July 2017 to June 2019, to find out the suitable combination of biochar with inorganic fertilizers for minimizing seasonal yield scaled CH4 emissions, reducing global warming potentials (GWPs) and sustainable rice farming under feasible irrigation practices. there were ten experimental treatments with different combinations of inorganic NPKS fertilizers and biochar (15 - 30 t/ha) under conventional flooding (CF) and alternate wetting-drying irrigations (AWDI). this study revealed that NPKS fertilization (50% of the recommended doze) with 15 t/ha biochar amendments under AWD irrigation maximized rice yield 6750 kg/ha and 4380 kg/ha in dry boro and wet aman seasons respectively, while the lowest rice yield 1850 kg/ha and 1550 kg/ha were recorded in continuously irrigated control treatment (t1) during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Seasonal cumulative CH4 emission, yield scaled CH4 emission and GWPs were suppressed significantly with biochar amendments 15 - 30 t/ha under both conventional and AWDI irrigation systems during the wet and dry seasons of rice cultivation. Significant interactions were observed among biochar amendments and irrigation practices during the dry boro rice cultivation. Dry seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions were decreased by 14.7%, 18.9% and 24.8% with biochar amendments at 15 t/ha, 20 t/ha and 30 t/ha respectively under conventional irrigation;while cumulative CH4 emissions were reduced by 10.6%, 26% and 41.6% respectively, under AWDI system. Finally, total global warming potentials (GWPs) were decreased by 6% - 15%, 13% - 30% with biochar amendments under conventional and AWDI irrigations respectively, in wet season;while global warming potentials

关键词： CH4 Flux GWPs AWDI Yield Scaled CH4 Emission Dry Boro Rice Rainfed Aman Rice

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Optical spin-symmetry breaking for high-efficiency directional helicity-multiplexed metaholograms

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 71-79页

作者： Muhammad Ashar Naveed Muhammad Afnan Ansari Inki Kim trevon Badloe Joohoon Kim Dong Kyo Oh Kashif Riaz tauseef tauqeer Usman Younis Murtaza Saleem Muhammad Sabieh Anwar Muhammad zubair Muhammad Qasim Mehmood Junsuk Rho Nanotech Lab Department of Electrical EngineeringInformation Technology University(ITU)of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea Department of Physics Lahore University of Management Sciences(LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea National Institute of Nanomaterials and technology(NINt) Pohang37673Republic of Korea

Helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces based on symmetric spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) have practical limits because they cannot provide central-symmetric holographic imaging. Asymmetric SOIs can effectively address such limitations, with several exciting applications in various fields ranging from asymmetric data inscription in communications to dual side displays in smart mobile devices. Low-loss dielectric materials provide an excellent platform for realizing such exotic phenomena efficiently. In this paper, we demonstrate an asymmetric SOI-dependent transmission-type metasurface in the visible domain using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanoresonators. the proposed design approach is equipped with an additional degree of freedom in designing bi-directional helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces by breaking the conventional limit imposed by the symmetric SOI in half employment of metasurfaces for one circular handedness. two on-axis, distinct wavefronts are produced with high transmission efficiencies, demonstrating the concept of asymmetric wavefront generation in two antiparallel directions. Additionally, the CMOS compatibility of a-Si:H makes it a cost-effective alternative to gallium nitride (GaN) and titanium dioxide (tiO2) for visible light. the cost-effective fabrication and simplicity of the proposed design technique provide an excellent candidate for high-efficiency, multifunctional, and chip-integrated demonstration of various phenomena.

关键词： directional breaking visible

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Al-Batin Alluvial Fan, Southern Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第11期6卷 699-711页

作者： Varoujan K. Sissakian Ahmad t. Shihab Nadhir Al-Ansari Sven Knutsson Consultant Geologist Erbil Iraq Iraq Geological Survey Baghdad Iraq Lulea University of technology Lulea Sweden

Al-Batin alluvial fan is one of the largest alluvial fans in Iraq, especially in the Iraqi Southern Desert. Its eastern and southern limits form parts of the Iraqi-Kuwait international borders. the fan is deposited by Wadi Al-Batin, the last apex being on the southern limits of the main wide depression formed by the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone. the main trend of the fan is almost SW-NE. the length and the maximum width of the fan are 110.192 Km and 119.1 Km, respectively, whereas the slope along its length is 0.7°. the fan is covered by gypcrete sheet with thickness varying from (0.5 - 1.5) m. Four stages were recognized within the fan, which is dated to be Pleistocene in age. the four stages are marked by clear height differences. the deposition of the alluvial fan is highly affected by the activity of the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone, which is represented on the surface as a wide shallow depression in which the fan is laid down by Wadi Al-Batin. the continuous deposition of the fan has affected the course of the Euphrates Formation within Hammar Marsh and also the course of Khor Al-zubair in its upper reaches south of Al-Qurna, where the Euphrates and tigris rivers merge together. Also there is a trace of ancient distributary of the Euphrates River that was flowing directly to the Arabian Gulf, through an estuary, which is abandoned and does not exist anymore.

关键词： Alluvial Fan Dibdibba Formation Clastic Rocks Pleistocene Al-Batin Iraq

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