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Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 843-859页

作者： Michee M Bazie Mahamoudou Sanou Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma tegwind. rebeca compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Benoît Kabamba Bolni Marius Nagalo Jacques Simpore Rasmata Ouédraogo Department of Medicine Transmissible Diseases LaboratoryUniversitéJoseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Molecular Biology and Genetics LaboratoryUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Infectious and parasitic disease Laboratory Health Sciences Research InstituteIRSS/CNRSTNational Center for Scientific and Technological ResearchOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape Coast 0000Ghana Department of Clinical Biology Virology LaboratoryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBruxelles 0000Belgium Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo ClinicAZ 0000United States

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI)is a globally prevalent infection,with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in a particular geographic region,including *** can be transmitted th-rough blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).the associated HBV genotype influences the *** to highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in *** this systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in *** the synthesis included 83 articles,revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups,with the highest prevalence being 90.9%in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38%in blood donors,indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood *** of OBI reactivation have been reported following *** D is the predominant,followed by genotypes A and *** this review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa,which varies across countries and population *** study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B infection Blood transfusion Genetic diversity

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APOBEC3G Role on HIV Infection in Africa: A Systematic Review

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第1期14卷 25-42页

作者： tegwind. rebeca compaore Abdoul Karim Ouattara Adama Baguiya Lassina traore Abdou Azaque Zoure Henri Gautier Ouedraogo Seni Kouanda Jacques Simpore Biomedical and Public Health Department Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique Moléculaire (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Norbert Zongo (UNZ) Centre Universitaire de Manga Koudougou Burkina Faso

the highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAARt) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAARt use. therefore, new antiretroviral therapy is needed since no cure or vaccine is available against HIV. Virus-host interaction has been proven to be important in the last decade. Host factors such as the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a receptor used by HIV to penetrate host cells, have led to the discovery of the Maraviroc, which is an antiretroviral medication used in the United States. In contrast, other factors like C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a potent host defense factor against HIV, is under investigation. APOBEC3G antiviral activity remains a possible therapeutic target against HIV. this systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the role of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and their expression on HIV infection disease progression in Africa. We used Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and searched for relevant publications in French or English reporting on APOBEC3G polymorphisms association with HIV infection in African populations from January 2009 to May 2023. the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used to process for reporting systematic review. Fifteen studies were included, of which seven were on APOBEC3G polymorphisms and eight were on APOBEC3G expression. Among the APOBEC3G polymorphisms, the most studied was H186R or rs8177832. the average of the minor allele frequency of H186R of APOBEC3G available for the studies included in this study was 0.29 with a 95% CI (0.172;0.401) and varied from 0.108 reported in Uganda to 0.47 recorded from Burkina Faso. the polymorphism H186R was not associated with HIV status in Southern Africa. However, the referent allele of H186R was protectiv

关键词： APOBEC3G HIV Genetic Variation therapeutic target African Populations

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Clinical Efficacy of Prolonged First-Line treatment against Helicobacter pylori in Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第7期12卷 161-169页

作者： Nô mawendé Inès compaore Couna Christiane Some Nanelin Alice Guingane tegwind. rebeca compaore Marie Nina compaore Roger Sombie Alain Bougouma Service of Medicine and Medical Specialties Medical Center with Surgical Antenna El Fateh-Suka Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service of Hepato-Gastroenterology of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service of Hepato-Gastroenterology of the University Hospital Center of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso LABIOGENE Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Epidemiology/Health Science Center of Houston Houston United States of America

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a public health concern. In fact, due to bacterial resistance, treatment strategy is a challenge. It is then more recommended to prolong first-line treatment. In order to be acceptable, the clinical efficacy of treatment must be higher than 90%. Aim: We aimed to assess the outcome of prolonged first-line treatment among adults. Patients and Methods: the study was cross-sectional among adults and patients were treated for H. pylori eradication for the first time during 10 to 14 days. Recruitment was made from March 2019 in six private polyclinics and two hospitals of the city of Ouagadougou. We used monoclonal antigen (Ag) test on the stool samples for diagnostic and for the patients follow up. Chi squared (X2) tests and ANOVA for the comparison of percentages and means were determined using with StAtA® software program in the bilateral 95% confidence interval for the statistical analysis. Results: In the different medical centers for 19 months, 365 patients were compiled. the sex-ratio was 0.64. the average age was 43.55 years. the treatment efficacy was 92.88%. treatment efficacy was better with p-value -3 depending on prescriber: gastroenterologist (94.07%), general practitioner (75%);compliance before treatment: excellent (95.88%) or bad (50%);number of consultations: ≥four (94.35%), three (96.32%), two (78.85%). triple therapies efficacy was 90.81%;p = 0.19. Quadritherapy efficacy was 95%;p = 0.5. Conclusion: this research is a contribution to the advent of national or African recommendations.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori treatment Efficacy triple therapies Quadritherapy

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency is associated with asymptomatic malaria in a rural community in Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Biomedicine 2014年第8期4卷 655-658页

作者： Abdoul Karim Ouattara Cyrille Bisseye Bapio Valery Jean télesphore Elvira Bazie Birama Diarra tegwind. rebeca compaore Florencia Djigma Virginio Pietra Remy Moret Jacques Simpore Centre for Biomolecular Research Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) LABIOGENE UFR/SVt University of Ouagadougou BP 364 OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology(LABMC) University of Science and Technology of Masuku(USTM)BP 943 FrancerilleGabon

Objective:to investigate 4 combinations of mutations responsible for glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in a rural community of Burkina Faso,a malaria endemic ***:two hundred individuals in a rural community were genotyped for the mutations A376 G.G202A,A542 t,G680t and t968 C using taqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length ***:the prevalence of the G6 PD deficiency was 9.5%,in the study *** was significantly higher in men compared to women(14.23%vs 6.0%,P=0.049).the 202A/376 G G6PD Awas the only deficient variant *** falciparum asymptomatic parasitemia was significantly higher among the C6PD-non—deficient persons compared to the G6PD-deficient(Pthe asymptomatic parasitemia was also significantly higher among G(SPI) nondeficient compared to C6PD—heterozygous females(Pthis study showed that the G6 PD A- variant associated with protection against asymptomatic malaria in Burkina Faso is probably the most common deficient variant.

关键词： Polymerase chain reaction Mutations Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Asymptomatic malaria Burkina Faso

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Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第11期10卷 807-821页

作者： Maléki Assih Abdoul Karim Ouattara Birama Diarra Albert theophane Yonli tegwind. rebeca compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Simplice Karou Jacques Simpore Bioche-mistry-Microbiology CERBA/LABIOGENEOuagadougou 02006Burkina Faso Laboratoryof Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics(LABIOGENE)UFR/SVt University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBOOuaga-dougou 00226Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape Coast 00233Ghana Ecole Supérieure des techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(EStBA-UL) Universite de LomeLome 00229Togo

the severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. the objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses *** B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.

关键词： Hepatitis virus Mutations Genotypes Recombination West African Economic and Monetary Union

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Role of Glutathione S-transferase (GStM1 and GStt1) Genes Deletion in Susceptibility to HIV-1 Disease Progression

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第2期8卷 41-54页

作者： Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho Serge théophile Soubeiga Albert théophane Yonli Herman Karim Sombie Isabelle touwendpoulimdé Kiendrebeogo tégwind. rebeca compaore Abdoul Karim Ouattara Bapio V. J. t. Elvira Bazie Bolni Marius Nagalo Jacques Simpore Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory (LABIOGENE) Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University JOSEPH KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante (IRSS) Biomedical and Public health Department Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale AZ USA

Background: Glutathione S-transferases (GSts) are multifunctional enzymes which play an important role in oxidative stress pathways by conjugation with glutathione. Oxidative stress is one of several risk factors that may be associated with many types of diseases progression such as cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between the polymorphism of GStM1 and GStt1 genes and the risk of HIV-1 disease progression. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 313 participants of Burkina Faso: 153 HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ARt) and 160 HIV-1 negative individuals as controls. Presence or absence of the GStM1 and GStt1 genes was determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CD4+ t counts and HIV-1 viral load were measured in patients using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments. Results: Frequencies of GStM1-null and GStt1-null were 30.35% and 35.46% respectively and the frequency of double deletion GStM1-null/GStt1-null was 14.38% in the general study population. GStM1-null (30.35% versus 69.65%;OR = 1.90;p = 0.010), GStt1-null (35.46% versus 64.54%;OR = 3.11;p GStM1-active/GStt1-null (21.08% versus 48.56%;OR = 3.17;p GStM1-null/GStt1-null (14.38% versus 48.56%;OR = 4.46;p GStM1-null and GStM1-null/GStt1-null were associated with increased odds of low CD4+ count (3) and high HIV-1 viral load (≥1000 copies/mL). Conclusion: GStM1-null, GStt1-null genotype, the double genotypes GStM1-active/GStt1-null and GStM1-null/GStt1-null were associated with HIV-1 disease progression and GStM1-null and GStM1- null/GStt1-null genotypes were associated with low CD4+ t cells counts and high HIV-1 viral load in HIV-1infected patients on ARt.

关键词： HIV-1 GStM1 GStt1 Burkina Faso

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Resistance of Plasmodium falciparumto Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (Dhfrand Dhps) and Artemisinin and Its Derivatives (K13): A Major Challenge for Malaria Elimination in West Africa

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第2期8卷 82-95页

作者： Valérie BBazie Abdoul Karim Ouattara tani Sagna tegwind.rebeca compaore Serge théophile Soubeiga PegdwendéAbel Sorgho Albert théophane Yonli Jacques Simpore Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics(LABIOGENE) UFR-SVTUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso National Center for Scientific and technological Research(CNRSt) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso

the spread of resistance to antimalarials is a major public health problem worldwide and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the highest morbidity and mortality rates are found with a critical scarcity of data on resistance. the objective of this review is to describe the mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps and k13 genes associated with resistance to artemisinin and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine reported in West Africa during the decade 2007 to 2017 followed by a meta-analysis of their prevalence. A bibliographic search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Sciences Direct databases made it possible to find 405 scientific papers relating to resistance to artemisinin and to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during the period 2007-2017. the analysis has concerned 217 scientific articles after the elimination of duplicates with 57 articles included in this review after the examination of titles and abstracts. the results of the present review show that the dhfr and dhps mutants are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Although, Kelch 13 mutants from Southeast Asia associated with artemisinin resistance are still absent in West Africa, studies have reported the presence of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasite clearance in Burkina Faso (2.26%), Senegal (5.5%) and togo (1.8%). the increased prevalence of dhfr and dhps mutants in West Africa could jeopardize its use for intermittent preventive treatment in the near future. Despite the absence of strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy in the West African region, increased surveillance is necessary to prevent the rapid occurrence of possible resistance, especially in the context of synonymous or non-K13 mutations correlated with a delay in parasitic clearance.

关键词： Resistance Mutations Artemisinin Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine West Africa

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Relationship between the Polymorphism of the GStP1 (rs1695) Gene and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 94-107页

作者： tilate Lare Lassina traore Marie Simone traore Sidnooma Véronique Zongo Pierre Zabre Mousso Savadogo Fortune D. Salah Herman Karim Sombie Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho tégwind. rebeca compaore tani Sagna Issoufou tao Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Damintoti Simplice Karou Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo teega-Wende Clarisse Ouedraogo Prosper Bado Albert théophane Yonli Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire-Virologie Institut National d’Hygiène Lomé Togo Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et de technologies/Ecole Normale Supérieure Koudougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast PMB Cape Coast Ghana école Supérieure des techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires Université de Lomé (ESTBA-UL) Lomé Togo Centre Universitaire de Gaoua Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms of some Glutathione S-transferase (GSt) which encode the enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, have been associated with the risk of several pathologies that can progress to cancer such as Hepatitis B. this study aims to characterize the impact of the rs1695 polymorphism of GStP1 gene among people with chronic Hepatitis B infection in Burkina Faso. Methods: rs1695 polymorphisms of GStP1 gene genotyping was performed for 50 people infected with chronic Hepatitis B virus and 124 healthy people with the PCR-RFLP method. Conventional PCR was used for DNA amplification and Alw26I enzyme was used for enzymatic digestion. Results: the results show that the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 31.00%, 36.80% and 32.20% in general the study population with a mutation rate of 50.57%. However, the incidence of the AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 30.64%, 38.71% and 30.64% among people with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection and 32.00%, 32.00% and 36.00% among healthy people. In cases, the frequencies of the A and G alleles are 48.00% and 52.00% respectively, and in controls 50.00% each. No statistical difference was found by comparing genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study allowed us to determine the rate of GStP1 rs1695 genotypes in the study population, cases and controls. From our analyses, GStP1 rs1695 is not associated to chronic Hepatitis B virus infection in Ouagadougou.

关键词： Polymorphism GStP1 Chronic Hepatitis B Healthy People Burkina Faso

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Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes cagA, babA2, and vacA Detection in Dyspeptic Patients from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第3期13卷 141-155页

作者： tegwind. rebeca compaore Kalifou traore Nômawendé Ines compaore Lassina traore Sylvie Zida Serge theophile Soubeiga Dinanibe Kambire Jean Claude R. P. Ouedraogo Aminata Dickel Sidibe Yasmine Astrid Sana tani Sagna Wendkuuni Florencia Djigma Henri Gautier Ouedraogo Jacques Simpore Département Biomédical et Santee Publique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique Moléculaire (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Clinique El Fateh-Suka Service de médecine et de spécialités médicales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Médecine et de Pharmacopée traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

the diverse clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection results from the interaction between bacterial virulence, host genetics, socio-demographic and environmental factors. this study aimed to characterize Helicobacter pylori virulence genes and the associated behavioral factors among dyspeptic patients in Burkina Faso. two hundred and fifty (250) stool samples were collected from patients with dyspepsia seen at health centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using a commercial kit. Virulence genes were detected using conventional multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction with specific primers. the overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori of the 250 participants was 91.20%. CagA virulence gene was present among 20.19% of individuals, while babA2 and vacA were detected respectively among 9.65% and 67.54% of the population positive for Helicobacter pylori. Among vacA subtypes, vacAs1 was the most frequent, with 39.04%, followed by vacAi1 (19.74%), vacAi2 (17.54%), and vacAs2 with 10.96%. Regarding vacAm1 and vacAm2, they were less frequent at 6.14% each. “Handwashing three times or less per day” significantly increased the risk of having vacAi2 allele and H. pylori rRNA16s, with p-values of 0.013 and 0.020, respectively. the consumption of non-tap water increases the risk of carrying the cagA virulence gene. Additionally, H. pylori-positive patients living with more than four (4) people in their household had about two times the risk of having the vacAs1 allele. the present study shows the detection of Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA subtypes, and babA2 by stool a PCR method in Burkina Faso. the strong association between sanitary habits and virulence factors depicts the composite interaction between ecological factors, gastric mucosa, and bacteria. therefore, the synergic action of these factors should be considered when aiming for bacterial eradication and gastric pathology cure.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Stool cagA babA2 vacA

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Risk Factors Associated with Mother-to-Child transmission of HIV-1, Spontaneous Abortion and Infant Mortality in HIV-1 Infected Women in Burkina Faso: A Prospective Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第10期6卷 12-21页

作者： Serge theophile Soubeiga Albert theophane Yonli tegwind. rebeca compaore Abdoul Karim Ouattara Birama Diarra Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Zoenabo Douamba Lassina traore Wendkuuni Florencia Djigma Jacques Simpore Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE) University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Background: Despite efforts to fight, HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MtCt), as well as abortion and infant mortality, remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, a low level of CD4 and a high viral load can be associated with these situations. the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MtCt, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality in HIV-1 infected women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. this was a prospective study conducted from May 2014 to September 2017 and involved 423 HIV-1 infected women followed at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Sociodemographic data were collected through a questionnaire. the CD4 count and HIV-1 viral load were determined using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed for associations with a significance threshold for p Results: the average age of women was 38.75 ± 7.98 years. Rates of MtCt, abortion and infant mortality were 16.31%, 30.49% and 34.75%, respectively. the number of pregnancies was associated with the number of infant deaths (p = 0.002). A correlation between the number of pregnancies and infant mortality was observed (p = 0.002) with a relatively high rate (28.6%) among women who had three pregnancies. In addition, marital status was associated with HIV-1 infection in infants (p = 0.042) and spontaneous abortion (p = 0.033). HIV-1 infected women with low CD4 counts (less than 350 cells/μL) and those with viral load more than 1000 copies/mL were about twice as likely to have an spontaneous abortion [OR (IC 95%): 2.50 (1.085 - 5.760);p = 0.03] and [OR (95% CI): 2.16 (1.043 - 4.505);p = 0.04]. Conclusions: the results of this study show the need to improve the treatment of HIV-1 infected women in order to restore CD4 levels and make viral load of HIV-1 undetectable.

关键词： HIV-1 MtCt Abortion Infants Burkina Faso

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