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Assessment of the Recent Hydromorphological Features of Nokoue Lake and Its Channels (South-East Benin)

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 33-55页

作者： tètchodiwèï julie-billard yonouwinhi Gérard Alfred Franck Assiom d’Almeida Felix Kofi Abagale Akuemaho Virgile Onésime Akowanou Laboratory of Applied Hydrology (LHA) National Institute of water (INE) African Centre of Excellence for Water and Sanitation (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA–UNESCO Chair) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Geology Mining and Environment (LGME) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin West African Centre for Water Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA) University of Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana Laboratory of Sciences and technology for Water and Environment (LStEE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin

Based on 2022 and 2023 hydrometric data and satellite images (Sentinel 2022, SPOt 2010), this study aims to present the Nokoué Lake and its channels’ re-cent hydromorphological characteristics. Integrating flow, tributary morphology, and topography data determined specific power values along the axes studied. the values obtained range from 2.69 to 12.92 W/m2 for Ouémé River and 2.46 to 10.99 W/m2 for Sô River. the resulting water erosion on banks and bottoms is of linear, areolar, or gully and claw types. Lake bathymetry varies from -0.5 to -2.6 m (low flow period) and -1 to -4 m;in the Ouémé, Sô, and totchè rivers, it varies from -5 m to -7 m, reaching -10 m at the Cotonou channel entrance (flood period). Bathymetric profiles reveal varied “U”, “V” and “Intermediate” bottom morphologies, influenced by erosion/sedimentation processes and human activities. the flow facies identified are lentic in the northern tributaries and lotic in the Cotonou and totchè canals. Spatial analysis identified nine (09) thematic classes. In 2022, the surface area of the water body has increased from 274 km2 at low water to 280 km2 at high water, whereas in 2010 (a recent year of exceptional flooding), the surface area was 270 km2 at low water and 277 km2 at high water. Significant changes in land use are observed between 2010 and 2022. the floodplain area decreased slightly, from 421 km2 in 2010 (year of exceptional flooding) to 419 km2 in 2022. the evolution of land use shows a progressive expansion of the urban environment to the detriment of the natural environment. In the medium to long term, this trend could threaten the hydromorphological balance and even the existence of this important lagoon ecosystem.

关键词： Nokoué Lake Ouémé River Sô River Cotonou Channel Hydromorphology

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