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Sampling Size Required for Determining Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Properties at Early Establishment of Second Rotation Hoop Pine Plantations in Subtropical Australia

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 706-711页

作者： t. j. blumfield XU Zhi-Hong N.V. PRASOLOVA Centre for Forestry and Horticultural Research Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia） Faculty of Science Griffth University Nathan Campus Griffth University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia）

Investigations into forest soils face the problem of the high level of spatial variability that is an inherent property of all forest *** order to investigate the effect of changes in residue management practices on soil properties in hoop pine(Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex ***.)plantations of subtropical Australia it was important to understand the intensity of sampling effort required to overcome the spatial variability induced by those *** residues were formed into windrows to prevent nitrogen(N)losses through volatilisation and erosion that had previously occurred as a result of pile and burn *** selected second rotation(2R)hoop pine sites where the windrows(10-15 m apart)had been formed 1,2 and 3 years prior to sampling in order to examine the spatial variability in soil carbon(C) and N and in potential mineralisable N(PMN)in the areas beneath and between(inter-)the *** examined the implications of soil variability on the number of samples required to detect differences in means for specific soil properties, at different ages and at specified levels of *** size needed to accurately reflect differences between means was not affected by the position where the samples were taken relative to the windrows but differed according to the parameter to be *** relative soil sampling size required for detecting differences between means of a soil property in the inter-windrow and beneath-windrow positions was highly dependent on the soil property assessed and the acceptable relative sampling *** alternative strategy for soil sampling should be considered,if the estimated sample size exceeds 50 *** possible solution to this problem is collection of composite soil samples allowing a substantial reduction in the number of samples required for chemical analysis without loss in the precision of the mean estimates for a particular soil property.

关键词： hoop pine nitrogen potential mineralisable nitrogen residue management soil spatial variability

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Araucaria cunninghamii Seedling Response to Different Forms and Rates of ^(15)N-Labelled Fertiliser

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 745-755页

作者： t, j. blumfield XU Zhi-Hong Centre for Forestry and Horticultural Research Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queens- land 4111 （Australia） Faculty of Environmental Sciences Griffith University Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia）

Nitrogenous fertilisers are under consideration for promoting the growth of nursery-reared hoop pine （Araucaria cunninghamii Alton ex A. Cunn） seedlings in the establishment phase of second rotation （2R） plantations. Using ^15N- labelled fertilisers, we investigated the effect of different forms （ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea） and rates of application （0, 150 and 300 mg N kg^-1 dried soil） of fertilisers on the growth, ^15N recovery and carbon isotope composition （δ^13C） of hoop pine seedlings in a 12-month glasshouse trial in southeast Queensland, Australia. the ^15N-labelled fertilisers were applied to nursery-reared hoop pine seedlings, which were then grown in pots, containing ca. 1.2 kg dried soil, under well watered conditions for 12 months. Four seedlings from each treatment were harvested at 4-month intervals, divided into roots, stem and foliage, with a further subdivision for new and old foliage, and then analysed for ^15N, total N, δ^13C and total C. there was no significant response in the seedling growth to the form or rate of application of nitrogen （N） fertiliser within the 12-month period, indicating that the seedlings did not experience N deficiency when grown on second rotation hoop pine soils. While the combined ^15N recovery from soil and plant remained at around 70% throughout the experiment, the proportion of ^15N recovered from the plants increasing steadily over time. Nitrate containing fertilisers at 150 mg N kg^-1 soil gradually increased seedling foliage δ^13C over the 12-month period, indicating an increase in seedling water use efficiency.

关键词： hoop pine ^15N recovery nitrogen water use efficiency

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