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Quantification of Carpaine and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Carica Papaya Plant Leaves and Stalks

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第4期6卷 350-358页

作者： Jing ying Yap Ching Lik Hii sze Pheng Ong Kuan Hon lim Faridah Abas Kar Yong Pin Future Food Malaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia School of Pharmacy Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Food Science Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 Kuala LumpurSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

Significance increase in dengue cases have been recorded worldwide every year and South East Asian countries have been badly ***,antiviral drug to treat dengue is still not available but papaya leaves extract(PLE)have been successfully used in treating dengue *** in PLE is the major active compounds that contributes to the anti-thrombocytopenic activity(raising platelet count in patient’s blood).The PLE also contains polyphenols that contribute to antioxidant *** were carried out to extract and quantify carpaine from young leaves,old leaves and stalks of papaya *** crystalline powders were successfully purified and confirmed by ^(1)H and ^(13)C NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance).Young papaya leaves recorded significantly higher amount of carpaine(P<0.05)as compared with old leaves and *** treatment showed significant effect(P<0.05)on the amount of carpaine extracted from the young and old leaves and blended young leaves showed significantly much higher amount of carpaine as compared with the unblended samples(P<0.05).In terms of total polyphenols content(TPC),young leaves(both unblended and blended samples)contained significantly higher amount of TPC(P<0.05)followed by the old leaves and *** also showed relationship between the TPC and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay scavenging activities namely IC_(50)(R^(2)=0.9743)and acid equivalent antioxidant capacity(AEAC)(R^(2)=0.9581).Both young and old leaves also showed significantly higher(P<0.05)DPPH scavenging activities as compared with the stalks in both unblended and blended *** papaya leaves were recommended as source of material to extract carpaine for future development of drug in dengue treatment.

关键词： Antioxidants Carica papaya Carpaine Dengue Total polyphenols

Biomechanical control of lymphatic vessel physiology and functions

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 1051-1062页

作者： Veronique Angeli Hwee ying lim Immunology Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Immunology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

The ever-growing research on lymphatic biology has clearly identified lymphatic vessels as key players that maintain human health through their functional roles in tissue fluid homeostasis,immunosurveillance,lipid metabolism and *** is therefore not surprising that the list of human diseases associated with lymphatic malfunctions has grown larger,including issues beyond lymphedema,a pathology traditionally associated with lymphatic drainage ***,the discovery of factors and pathways that can promote optimal lymphatic functions may offer new therapeutic *** evidence indicates that aside from biochemical factors,biomechanical signals also regulate lymphatic vessel expansion and functions ***,we review how mechanical forces induced by fluid shear stress affect the behavior and functions of lymphatic vessels and the mechanisms lymphatic vessels employ to sense and transduce these mechanical cues into biological signals.

关键词： lymphatic vessel biomechanical force mechanosensing mechanotransduction human diseases

Combined effects of adsorption and photocatalysis by hybrid TiO_2/ZnO-calcium alginate beads for the removal of copper

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第5期29卷 214-223页

作者： Devagi Kanakaraju Shantini Ravichandar ying Chin lim Department of Chemistry Faculty of Resource Science and TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak School of Chemistry and Environment Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA

The use of nanosized titanium dioxide（TiO2） and zinc oxide（ZnO） in the suspension form during treatment makes the recovering and recycling of photocatalysts ***,supported photocatalysts are preferred for practical water treatment *** study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of calcium alginate（CaAlg） beads that were immobilized with hybrid photocatalysts,TiO2/ZnO to form TiO2/*** immobilized beads,with three different mass ratios of TiO2：ZnO（1：1,1：2,and 2：1） were used to remove Cu（Ⅱ） in aqueous solutions in the presence of ultraviolet *** beads were subjected to three cycles of photocatalytic treatment with different initial Cu（Ⅱ） concentrations（10-80 ppm）.EDX spectra have confirmed the inclusion of Ti and Zn on the surface of the CaAlg ***,the surface morphology of the beads as determined using SEM,has indicated differences of before and after the photocatalytic treatment of Cu（Ⅱ）.Among all three,the equivalent mass ratio TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads have shown the best performance in removing Cu（Ⅱ） during all three recycling *** TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads have also shown consistent removal of Cu,ranging from 7.14-52.0 ppm（first cycle） for initial concentrations of10-80 *** comparison,bare CaAlg was only able to remove 6.9-48 ppm of similar initial Cu ***,the potential use of TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads as environmentally friendly composite material can be further extended for heavy metal removal from contaminated water.

关键词： Alginate Heavy metals Photocatalyst Immobilization Titanium dioxide Zinc oxide

Complete Solution of Sun Tracking for Heliostat

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第1期45卷 165-166页

作者： CHEN ying-Tian lim Boon-Han lim Chern-Sing Department of Astronomy and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

A general solution of sun tracking for an arbitrarily oriented heliostat towards an arbitrarily located target on the earth is published. With the most general form of solar tracking formulae, it is seen that the used azimuthelevation, spinning-elevation tracking formulae etc. are the special cases of it. The possibilities of utilizing the general solution and its significance in solar energy engineering are discussed.

关键词： solar tracking azimuth-elevation spinning-elevation optical aberration heliostat

Relationships between sagittal otolith size and body size of Terapon jarbua (Teleostei, Terapontidae) in Malaysian waters

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2021年第1期39卷 372-381页

作者： Shyama Sundari Devi CHANTHRAN Phaik Eem lim sze-Wan POONG Jianguo DU Kar-Hoe LOH Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute for Advanced Studies University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Coastal Zone in Zhangzhou Xiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration Xiamen 361005China

Length-weight relationship provides basic information of a fi sh’s condition while the morphometric data of otolith has been traditionally used to determine the range of fi sh sizes for various *** length-weight relationship of Terapon jarbua(Forskål,1775)was examined from 165 specimens,while 132 specimens were used in sagittal otolith biometry *** specimens were obtained from various locations in Malaysia including Pahang,Selangor,Sarawak,and *** total length of fi sh ranged 12.5–32.5 cm,while the total weight ranged 26.28–444.30 *** otolith length ranged 0.423–1.070 cm,and the otolith weight was 0.0103–0.1572 *** specimens displayed a mixture of positive and negative allometry growth as indicated by fl uctuating b values between 2.74 and *** overall coeffi cient of determination(R 2)between fi sh length and weight was 0.9729,which implies a strong *** regressions between the fi sh length and otolith dimensions were highly signifi cant(P<0.001).The otolith dimensions found to be most closely related to the fi sh total length was the otolith *** was supported by the regression model showing a high R 2 value of 86.57%.The aspect ratio of otolith was 1.80±0.14(mean±SD).Results confi rm that the otolith growth refl ects the somatic growth of *** length-weight relationship explained the growth conditions of the fi shes in each location while the overall b value of 2.91 indicates that the condition of *** grown in Malaysian waters during the study period was generally in good *** study contributed to the database on the morphometric data of otolith of *** as well as the fi rst report on fi sh length-weight relationship for *** in Malaysia.

关键词： aspect ratio otolith length-weight relationship grunter

Drying kinetics of technical specified rubber

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第1期2卷 64-71页

作者： Mei Xiang Ng Thing Chai Tham sze Pheng Ong Chung lim Law University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangorMalaysia

This paper reports the study of crumb rubber drying in different experimental *** is important to understand the characteristics of crumb rubber drying in order to formulate a better drying strategy that could give higher energy *** experiments were carried out with constant heat at maximum 100℃ and a stainless steel container was used to hold the sample of crumb rubber under *** surface temperature profile of the rubber was investigated using two types of drying methods,normal hot air drying and vacuum *** was found that when the sample was dried,external surface temperature for drying with hot air dryer was higher than vacuum *** results showed the evolution of temperature profile was not in good agreement with the prediction which revealed that there was no temperature gradient within the drying *** energy consumption for vacuum drying was higher compared to hot air drying,where there was a difference of 0.7079 MJ/kg H2O evaporated for drying temperature at 100℃.The best fit model generated from the experimental data was the modified Henderson and Pabis model and the highest effective diffusivity obtained was 5.243×10^-9m^2/s heating by vacuum oven at 90℃ under zero atmospheric pressure.

关键词： Crumb rubber Drying characteristic Mathematical modeling

A review on the mechanisms of low salinity water/surfactant/nanoparticles and the potential synergistic application for c-EOR

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Petroleum Research 2023年第3期8卷 324-337页

作者： Stanley Sim sze lim Henry Elochukwu Jobrun Nandong Ziad Bennour Mohamed Ali Hamid Chemical and Energy Department Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaMalaysia School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot Watt UniversityMalaysia

Chemical enhanced oil recovery(c-EOR)is a conventional and promising strategy to recover oil from reservoir techniques such as low salinity water flooding(LSWF),surfactant flooding,alkaline flooding,polymers flooding,and nanofluid *** use of various types of chemical materials for c-EOR method has recently attracted the attention of the oil and gas *** primary objective of this review work is to explore the synergy of low salinity water/surfactant/nanoparticle flooding for effective c-EOR method and investigate the mechanism behind these *** advantages of combining these chemical materials for c-EOR methods is also *** and limitations of this synergy and their economic feasibility for additional oil recovery and potential return on investment are *** have been successfully used in various applications in several industries and have also shown good application for EOR in terms of wettability *** contributes to wettability alteration,while surfactant contributes to wettability alteration and interfacial tension(IFT)***,fines migration caused by LSWF and nanoparticle agglomeration can cause formation damage,while excessive surfactant adsorption can lead to cost overrun on surfactant *** the characteristics of reservoir formation mineralogy and appropriate nanoparticle type,size,and concentration can be used to resolve this *** synergy of LSWF and nanoparticles in alkaline medium can serve as sacrificial agent to reduce excessive surfactant ***,the appropriate synergistic formulation of LSFW/surfactant/nanoparticle can improve additional oil recovery and support return on investment for c-EOR projects.

关键词： Surfactant Low salinity water Nanoparticles Nanofluid Enhanced oil recovery

3D thermoelasticity solutions for functionally graded thick plates

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第3期10卷 327-336页

作者： Ji ying Chao-feng LU C. W. lim Department of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Building and Construction City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Thermal-mechanical behavior of functionally graded thick plates, with one pair of opposite edges simply supported, is investigated based on 3D thermoelasticity. As for the arbitrary boundary conditions, a semi-analytical solution is presented via a hybrid approach combining the state space method and the technique of differential quadrature. The temperature field in the plate is determined according to the steady-state 3D thermal conduction. The Mori-Tanaka method with a power-law volume fraction profile is used to predict the effective material properties including the bulk and shear moduli, while the effective coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity are estimated using other micromechanics-based models. To facilitate the im-plementation of state space analysis through the thickness direction, the approximate laminate model is employed to reduce the inhomogeneous plate into a homogeneous laminate that delivers a state equation with constant coefficients. The present solutions are validated by comparisons with the exact ones for both thin and thick plates. Effects of gradient indices, volume fraction of ceramics, and boundary conditions on the thermomechanical behavior of functionally graded plates are discussed.

关键词： Functionally graded plates Semi-analytical solutions 3D thermoelasticity Mori-Tanaka method

Growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella strains from polar,temperate and tropical freshwater environments under temperature stress

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1266-1279页

作者： Kok-Keong LEE Phaik-Eem lim sze-Wan POONG Chiew-Yen WONG Siew-Moi PHANG John BEARDALL Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Institute of Graduate Studies University of Malaya School of Health Sciences International Medical University National Antarctic Research Centre University of Malaya Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya School of Biological Sciences Monash University

Elevated temperatures as a consequence of global warming have significant impacts on the adaptation and survival of microalgae which are important primary producers in many ecosystems. The impact of temperature on the photosynthesis of microalgae is of great interest as the primary production of algal biomass is strongly dependent on the photosynthetic rates in a dynamic environment. Here, we examine the effects of elevated temperature on Chlorella strains originating from different latitudes, namely Antarctic, Arctic, temperate and tropical regions. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to assess the photosynthetic responses of the microalgae. Rapid light curves(RLCs) and maximum quantum yield( F_v/F_m) were recorded. The results showed that Chlorella originating from different latitudes portrayed different growth trends and photosynthetic performance. The Chlorella genus is eurythermal, with a broad temperature tolerance range, but with strain-specific characteristics. However, there was a large overlap between the tolerance range of the four strains due to their "eurythermal adaptivity". Changes in the photosynthetic parameters indicated temperature stress. The ability of the four strains to reactivate photosynthesis after inhibition of photosynthesis under high temperatures was also studied. The Chlorella strains were shown to recover in terms of photosynthesis and growth(measured as Chl a) when they were returned to their ambient temperatures. Polar strains showed faster recovery in their optimal temperature compared to that under the ambient temperature from which they were isolated.

关键词： Antarctic Arctic Fv/Fm microalgae pigments recovery