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HIV Treatment Cascade Assessment of a Community-Based Test and Start Model for Key Populations in Lagos State Nigeria: Where Are the Gaps?

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World Journal of AIDS 2018年第3期8卷 105-117页

作者： Jean Njab sylvia adebajo George Eluwa Elizabeth Shoyemi Progress Osakwe Charles Eke Daniel Offie Population Council Abuja Nigeria

Background: Community-based test and start (TAS) models have shown the potential to improve clinical outcomes for key populations because early access to treatment will have population level impact by reducing transmission through the promotion and provision of hassle-free quality HIV testing, on the spot ART initiation and unrestricted access to culturally competent health professionals. We assessed the effectiveness of a pioneer community-based test and start (TAS) model for key populations in Lagos along UNAIDS 90/90/90 cascade. Methods: Men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and persons who inject drugs (PWID), >14 years of age were recruited through peer-referral for HIV testing services (HTS) at a community-based KP-friendly clinic in Lagos between June 2015 and September 2016. The clinic provides comprehensive HIV services, including HIV treatment. Those who test positive are enrolled and provided with TAS services. Using routine service data, we deployed descriptive cross tabulations at p < 5% to determine the performance along the 90/90/90 cascade. Results: In total, 8812 KPs comprising MSM (51.6%), FSW (32.7%) and PWID (15.7%) were tested during this period. About one-half (46.4%) were young KP (15 - 25 years). The majority (76.1%) were male, single (86.1%), almost all (99%) had at least primary school level education, and about one-quarter (25.1%) were employed. Among MSM, 506 (11.1%) tested positive, 276 (54.5%) were initiated on ART, of whom 155 conducted viral load testing and 88 (56.7%) had achieved viral suppression (<1000 copies per milliliter). Among FSW, 88 (3.1%) tested positive, only 28 (31.8%) were initiated on ART, of whom 15 conducted viral load testing and 9 (60%) achieved viral suppression. Among PWID, of 15 (1.1%) who tested positive, only 2 (13%) were initiated on ART and none had conducted viral load testing. Client satisfaction index was 96.1%. Conclusion: The current community-based model showed excellent capacity t

关键词： HIV Cascade Assessment

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Determination of total organic carbon content using Passey's method in coals of the central Kalahari Karoo Basin,Botswana

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Petroleum Research 2023年第2期8卷 192-204页

作者： Mamphedi sylvia Mabitje Mimonitu Opuwari Petroleum Geoscience Research Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of the Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa

This paper focuses on determining total organic carbon(TOC)from boreholes in the Kalahari Basin,Botswana,using Passey's *** Kalahari Karoo basin is one of several basins in southern Africa filled with Late Carboniferous to Jurassic sedimentary strata that host Permian age coal *** exploration boreholes(wells)drilled in the central Kalahari Karoo basin are used to determine the Total Organic Carbon *** reflectance(Ro),proximate and ultimate analyses were conducted on cored coal ***'s DLogR method applied in this study employs resistivity and porosity logs to identify and quantify potential source *** of Passey's method compared with laboratorymeasured carbon showed that Passey's method effectively identifies coal *** terms of TOC calculations,the method works poorly in coal metamorphosed by dolerite *** heat affected coal samples had Ro from 0.77% to 5.53% and increased in maturity from primarily maceral controlled to high volatile bituminous and anthracite *** from proximate analysis showed compositional changes in the coal were controlled by proximity to sill intrusion,with a decrease in Fixed Carbon and an increase in ash yield in the contact metamorphism zone(2-12 m from sill).For the unaltered coal that has undergone burial maturation displaying Ro of 0.44%-0.65%,the method works *** unintruded boreholes,correlations between Carbon and calculated TOC indicate strong ***'s DLogR method proved to be a suitable method of estimating TOC on coal that has undergone burial *** study has demonstrated that TOC calculated from the sonic log is more reliable in coal not affected by contact metamorphism than TOC calculated from the density log.

关键词： Passey's method Vitrinite reflectance Total organic carbon Coal Ultimate analysis Central Kalahari Karoo basin

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Benefits and Challenges of Resilience and Vulnerability for Disaster Risk Management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第1期5卷 3-20页

作者： Alexander Fekete Gabriele Hufschmidt sylvia Kruse Risk and Crisis Management Section Cologne University of Applied Sciences50679 CologneGermany Department of Geography Master Program Disaster Management and Risk GovernanceUniversity of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Economics and Social Science Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnowand Landscape Research WSL8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland

This article addresses resilience and vulnerability as two prominent concepts within disaster risk science. The authors provide an overview of current uses and bene?ts of and challenges to resilience and vulnerability concepts for disaster risk management(DRM). The article summarizes the evolution of these concepts and of attempts to de?ne them precisely,and addresses the potential bene?ts of conceptual *** usage and conception of resilience and vulnerability within a selection of strategies and legislations in DRM are compared. Complementing this analysis of disaster risk research and management practice, a survey identi?es some of the bene?ts of and challenges to the concepts of resilience and vulnerability as seen by a peer-community. Synthesizing the three approaches, we conclude that a certain conceptual and methodological ‘‘haze’’ prevails, which hampers the transfer of information and ?ndings within disaster risk science, from science to practice, and vice versa. But this vagueness offers opportunities for communication between disaster risk science, policy, and practice. Overall, evaluations of the resilience and vulnerability concepts are lacking, which demands the development of criteria to identify and assess the challenges to and bene?ts of resilience and vulnerability for DRM.

关键词： Boundary object Disaster risk Policy-science-practice interaction Risk assessment Resilience Vulnerability

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ITMA 2019 is worth the wait Interview with Ms. sylvia Phua, Project Director, ITMA 2019

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China Textile 2019年第6期 18-19页

作者： sylvia Phua ITMA

China Textile: ITMA 2019, the world largest show of textile machinery, is just around the corner. As the organizer, could you please talk about the overall condition of the exhibitor organizing for this edition? Are t... 详细信息

关键词： 2019 world edition

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A Generalized Discrete Morse-Floer Theory

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2019年第3期7卷 225-252页

作者： Jürgen Jost sylvia Yaptieu Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstrasse 2204103 LeipzigGermany Santa Fe Institute for the Sciences of Complexity Santa FeNM 87501USA

Forman has developed a version of discrete Morse theory that can be understood in terms of arrow patterns on a(simplicial,polyhedral or cellular)complex without closed orbits,where each cell may either have no arrows,receive a single arrow from one of its facets,or conversely,send a single arrow into a cell of which it is a *** following arrows,one can then construct a natural Floer-type boundary ***,we develop such a construction for arrow patterns where each cell may support several outgoing or incoming arrows(but not both),again in the absence of closed *** main technical achievement is the construction of a boundary operator that squares to 0 and therefore recovers the homology of the underlying complex.

关键词： CW complex Boundary operator Floer theory Poincarépolynomial Betti number Discrete Morsetheory Discrete Morse-Floertheory Conleytheory

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The Inequity of Biotechnological Impact

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Molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 1-2页

作者： sylvia He Kate M.Creasey Krainer Grow More Foundation New YorkUSA

Less than 1%of the total population of the developing world is positively affected by biotechnological *** global impact of biotechnology on agriculture is impeded by the disproportionate development and growth of economically important crops in the developed *** over 2 decades,526 genetically engineered events,or bioengineered(BE)traits,in 32 crops have been approved in 44 countries(ISAAA database,2020).Of these 44 countries,38 are high income,representing 73%of the developed *** six represent low-income countries,including four in Africa(ISAAA database,2020).Although many countries import BE crops for feed,food,and processing,just over half of the 44 countries cultivate(ISAAA,2017).Twenty years since their development,the acreage used for BE crops has increased from 1.7 million to 191.7 million *** increase in growth is dominated by economically important crops such as cotton,maize,and soybean,which also account for 65%of new traits(Brookes and Barfoot,2018).

关键词： crops soybean income

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Pandemics of People and Plants: Which Is the Greater Threat to Food Security?

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Molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 933-934页

作者： sylvia He Kate M.Creasey Krainer Grow More Foundation New YorkNYUSA

As the world is gripped by the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,plant epidemics are spreading silently,affecting crop yields and the global *** have been drawn between the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing plight of plant *** 7.4 million people have been infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

关键词： Acute infected demic

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Entecavir as treatment for reactivation of hepatitis B in immunosuppressed patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5447-5451页

作者： sylvia Brost Paul Schnitzler Wolfgang Stremmel Christoph Eisenbach Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases University of Heidelberg Department of Infectious Diseases Virology University of Heidelberg

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) as first-line therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation due to immunosuppression. METHODS: Four patients that were treated with different immunosuppressive regimens for hematological malignancies, who presented with HBV reactivation were treated with ETV. Clinical outcome, biochemical and virological factors, including quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were studied. RESULTS: In all patients, ETV induced suppression of HBV, and rapid clinical improvement without side effects. In one patient with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare, tenofovir was added after 3 mo of treatment. Until death from disease progression at 6 mo after treatment initiation, this patient did not clear HBV infection. Retrospectively, it is highly probable that thepatient had been non-adherent. In the other three patients, the virological responses were associated with an expeditious decrease in quantitative HBsAg titers with negativity after 2 mo, and all three had HBsAg seroconversion. In one patient, HBV DNA reached a plateau after 3 mo, before becoming undetectable after 1 year, despite early ALT normalization and undetectable quantitative HBsAg. CONCLUSION: ETV seems to be effective and safe treatment for HBV reactivation. Monitoring of quantitative HBsAg might be an additional useful tool to monitor treatment response.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Entecavir Immunosuppression Hepatitis B surface antigen Seroconversion

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The Impact of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve on Aortic Geometry and Function in Patients with Aortic Coarctation:A Comprehensive CMR Study

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第6期16卷 551-560页

作者： Laura Schweikert Dominik Gabbert sylvia Krupickova Inga Voges Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Royal Brompton Hospital LondonUK

Background:An isolated bicuspid aortic valve(BAV)is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the aorta and the left ventricle(LV).Although~50%of patients with aortic coarctation(CoA)have a BAV,less is known about its impact on LV function and aortic geometry and function in CoA *** this cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging(CMR)study,we analysed markers of LV and aortic function as well as aortic geometry in a large cohort of CoA patients with a BAVand compared them with CoA patients with a tricuspid aortic valve(TAV).Methods:We included 48 patients with a BAV(18.4±9.3 years)and 45 patients with TAV(20.7±9.9 years).LV volumes,mass and ejection fraction as well as aortic distensibilty,pulse wave velocity(PWV)were measured from standard cine CMR and phase-contrast CMR images.2-dimensional CMR feature tracking(2DCMR-FT)was performed to measure longitudinal,circumferential and radial strain and strain rate of the *** arch geometry was classified as romanic,gothic and ***:LV volumes,mass and ejection fraction as well as aortic distensibility and PWV did not significantly differ between the BAV and the TAV *** was also no significant difference for LV global longitudinal,radial and circumferential strain and strain rate between both *** with a BAV had more commonly a gothic aortic arch compared to TAV patients,but this difference was not statistically significant(22 vs.14,p=0.2).Ascending and descending aortic distensibility correlated with LV mass in the entire patient group(p<0.001).Global longitudinal,circumferential and radial strain(GLS,GCS,GRS)and global longitudinal and circumferential strain rate(GLSR,GCSR)correlated with LV ejection fraction(p<0.001).Conclusion:Our data suggest that the presence of a BAV does not adversely impact LV and aortic function in children and young adults with *** correlation of global circumferential,longitudinal and radial strain values with LV ejection fraction dem

关键词： Aortic coarctation bicuspid aortic valve cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking

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