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Assessment of Nutrient Leaching Losses and Crop Uptake with Organic Fertilization,Water Saving Practices and Reduced Inorganic Fertilizer

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1555-1570页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Muhammad Amjad Bashir Yucong Geng Qurat-Ul-ain Raza Abdur Rehim Muhammad Aon Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Xuejun Zhang Hongbin Liu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuan750002China Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan College of Agriculture University of LayyahLayyah31200Pakistan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China

The increasing world population has forced excessive chemical fertilizer and irrigation to complete the global food demand,deteriorating the water quality and nutrient ***-term studies do not compile the evidences;therefore,the study aimed to identify the effectiveness of reduced doses of inorganic fertilizer and water-saving practices,hence,a six-year experiment(2015-2020)was conducted in China to address the knowledge *** experimental treatments were:farmer accustomed fertilization used as control(525:180:30 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(375:120:0 kg NPK ha^(-1)+4.5 tones organic fertilizer ha^(-1)),and application of controlled-release fertilizer(80:120:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)).Each treatment was replicated thrice following a randomized complete block *** results achieved herein showed that control has the highest losses in the six-year study for total nitrogen(225.97 mg L^(-1)),total soluble nitrogen(121.58 mg L^(-1)),nitrate nitrogen(0.93 mg L^(-1)),total phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1)),and total soluble phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1))*** fertilizer and water application improved crop nutrient uptake,nitrogen concentration was significantly enhanced with organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation,P concentration was increased with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation,and K concentration was improved with fertilizer decrement+water-saving ***,this study concludes that reduced inorganic fertilizer dose combined with water-saving practices is significantly helpful in reducing nutrient leaching losses and improving nutrient uptake and water *** studies are needed to explore the impacts of reduced fertilization and water-saving irrigation on leaching *** benefits at different climatic conditions,soil types,and ferti

关键词： Corn production feeding system water consumption efficiency sustainable agriculture water use

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巴基斯坦药品专利申请异议法律制度研究

巴基斯坦药品专利申请异议法律制度研究

作者： ain,Noor UI 中南财经政法大学

学位级别：硕士

保护药物发明有不同的途径和方法,获得专利是其中之一,但这不是一个简单或直接的过程。这个过程更加复杂和漫长。这个过程中包含了专利异议。专利异议是根据一个国家的现行专利法设立的一项权利,允许任何人就授予专利提出异议。许多国... 详细信息

保护药物发明有不同的途径和方法,获得专利是其中之一,但这不是一个简单或直接的过程。这个过程更加复杂和漫长。这个过程中包含了专利异议。专利异议是根据一个国家的现行专利法设立的一项权利,允许任何人就授予专利提出异议。许多国家在其专利制度中提供异议机制。严格意义上的异议制度为第三方提供了在适用法律规定的特定期限内反对授予专利的机会。反对者必须至少提出适用法律规定的反对理由之一。异议程序与专利授权程序密切相关。反对者可以在授予专利前提出异议(授权前异议)或在授予专利之后(授权后异议)。专利异议在防止对不准确和虚假的权利要求授予垄断权方面发挥着重要作用。依据2000年《专利条例》的规定,巴基斯坦专利制度规定了授权前异议和授权后异议这两种药品专利异议制度,可以对药品专利的有效性在某些方面提出挑战。一旦药品专利进入法律审查程序,法律专家会根据《专利条例》仔细而系统地对专利申请进行审查。专利申请接受后,该药品专利申请会在专利局的公报上进行公告,在公告发布后的四个月内,任何人都可以向专利局发出反对授予专利的异议。异议包括理由和一份陈述,以此来充分说明异议者的利益和事实。异议的理由主要是缺乏新颖性、创造性和工业实用性。在巴基斯坦专利制度中,提出专利异议的代价很高,但法院和行政部门并未认真对待。依据法律规定,如果在专利授权前提出的异议被否决,则异议人在收到专利局的命令/决定后,有权向高等法院提出起诉,这将会导致一项重大发明的未来走向漫长而不确定。因为在巴基斯坦,法院的相关程序非常迟缓。药品申请者强烈希望其专利申请在几个月内或最多一年内做出决定,因为这关系到药品保护期限。由于异议程序需要很长时间才能做出最终决定,这种延迟的做法迫使申请人不愿意提交他的发明。为了解决上述问题,建议在以下方面对巴基斯坦药品专利异议制度进行完善。第一,在巴基斯坦,大多数药品专利申请都收到不准确的异议。对药物专利的申请者来说,这是不公平的做法。因此,应该有一个新的法律规定来授权专利局拒绝那些不准确的异议。第二,巴基斯坦法院处理专利异议案件的程序拖延做法对药品专利申请形成了阻碍。因此,应修改《专利条例》第69条,禁止异议人在其专利授权前异议被否决后立即向法院提出起诉。只有在其专利授权后异议被否决后才能向高等法院提出起诉。第三,巴基斯坦专利制度对药品专利申请的审查没有时间限制。在2008年之前,药品专利申请审查的时间为18个月,但这一规定后来被废除。没有专利审查时间的限制使得专利审查员不注意处理药品专利申请,而可怜的发明家在不知不觉中等待授予他的发明。因此,18个月的期限应重新纳入巴基斯坦专利制度。第四,全球大多数国家都有专门的法院或知识产权法庭来审理专利异议案件,但巴基斯坦没有专门的知识产权法庭审理药品专利案件。由于专利异议申请案件在法院中久拖不决。因此,有必要设立专门的知识产权法庭以及时解决药品专利异议案件。此外,还需要制订具体关于知识产权法庭处理异议案件的责任的详细规定。第五,有必要明确规定对提出轻率异议的严厉处罚。一个轻率的异议会使药品专利申请的授予过程陷入窘境。而巴基斯坦《专利条例》中没有规定对针对药物专利申请提出的轻率异议施加惩罚。严厉的处罚可以是罚款的形式。施加罚款将迫使异议者考虑是否应该提出反对意见。

关键词：药品专利授权前异议授权后异议新颖性创造性工业实用性

A Review of Wideband Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas

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China Communications 2017年第6期14卷 65-79页

作者： Ubaid Ullah Mohd Fadzil ain Zainal Arifin Ahmad School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal 14300 Pulau Pinang Malaysia School of Material and Mineral Resource Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal 14300 Pulau Pinang Malaysia

This article presents a technical review of circularly polarized(CP) dielectric resonator antennas(DRA) for wideband *** primary objective of this review is,to highlight the techniques used by different researchers for generating circular polarization in ***,a general idea of circular polarization and it advantages over linear polarization is presented,and then all the major developments made in the CP DRA are *** emphasis of the paper is on the wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator *** current state of the art and all the realizable features of the CP DRA are addressed ***,some recommendations for future CP DRAs are given and the paper ends with concluding remarks.

关键词：圆极化技术介质谐振器宽带应用天线综述 DRA 研究人员线性极化

A Short Review on Copper Calcium Titanate(CCTO) Electroceramic;Synthesis,Dielectric Properties,Film Deposition,and Sensing Application

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第4期8卷 291-311页

作者： Mohsen Ahmadipour Mohd Fadzil ain Zainal Arifin Ahmad Structural Materials Niche Area School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringUniversiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus

Electroceramic calcium copper titanates(CaCu3Ti4O12,CCTO),with high dielectric permittivities（e） of approximately 105 and 104,respectively,for single crystal and bulk materials,are produced for a number of wellestablished and emerging applications such as resonator,capacitor,and *** applications take advantage of the unique properties achieved through the structure and properties of *** review comprehensively focuses on the primary processing routes,effect of impurity,dielectric permittivity,and deposition technique used for the processing of electroceramics along with their chemical composition and micro and *** is given to versatile and basic approaches that allow one to control the microstructural features that ultimately determine the properties of the CCTO *** the intensive research in this area,none of the studies available in the literature provides all the possible relevant information about CCTO fabrication,structure,the factors influencing its dielectric properties,CCTO immobilization,and sensing applications.

关键词： CCTO Chemical synthesis Dielectric permittivity Loss factor Deposition Sensitivity

Tolerance and biosorption of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) by filamentous fungi isolated from a freshwater ecosystem

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 824-830页

作者： Nur Liyana Iskandar Nur ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Soon Guan Tan Department of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Filamentous fungi are able to accumulate significant amount of metals from their environment. The potential of fungal biomass as agents for biosorption of heavy metals from contaminated sediments is currently receiving attention. In the present study, a total of 41 isolates of filamentous fungi obtained from the sediment of the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia were screened for their tolerance and uptake capability of copper （Cu） and lead （Pb）. The isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium simplicissimurn and P. janthinellum. A. niger and P. simplicissimum, were able to survive at 1000 mg/L of Cu（Ⅱ） concentration on Potato Dextrose Agar （PDA） while for Pb, only A. niger survived at 5000 mg/L concentration. The results showed that A. niger, P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum have a better uptake capacity for Pb compared to Cu and the findings indicated promising biosorption of Cu and Pb by these filamentous fungi from aqueous solution. The present study was also determined the maximum removal of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） that was performed by A. niger. The metal removal which occurred at Cu（Ⅱ） 200 mg/L was （20.910 ＋ 0.581） mg/g and at 250 mg/L of PbⅡ） was （54.046 ± 0.328） mg/g.

关键词： biosorption copper lead Aspergillus niger Penicillium simplicissimum Trichoderma asperellum

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Eta VOI among international travelers using COVIDSeq-NGS

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第11期15卷 518-521页

作者： Mati Ur Rehman Rooh Ullah Narmeen Arshad Muhammad Ammad Qurat Ul ain Anam Razzak Muhammad Yousaf Shabana Perween Syed Sajjad Naqvi Tarique N.Hasan Pure Health Laboratory Mafraq HospitalAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Ascencia Business School College de ParisFrance Pure Health Laboratory Mafraq HospitalAbu Dhabi

Rationale:SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as a highly infective and contagious viral *** SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been spread worldwide and affected more than 210 ***,the fast spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has been mostly attributed to international *** concerns:We are reporting the genomic evidence of SARSCoV-2 Eta VOI among two international *** travelers were males from Nigeria aged 24 and 34 years and both were ***:The nasopharyngeal swab samples were in both travelers positive by real-time RT-PCR followed by ***:Paracetamol 3 times daily for 5 ***:Patient recovered completely within 10 days and discharged after 14 days of quarantine ***:This report highlights genomic variation of SARSCoV-2 among the *** managing the present health crisis,molecular identification of viral variants present in different geographical locations will be very helpful.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Eta VOC VOI

Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Among the Malaysian Cohort Participants Using Electrocardiogram

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1111-1132页

作者： Mohd Zubir Suboh Nazrul Anuar Nayan Noraidatulakma Abdullah Nurul ain Mhd Yusof Mariatul Akma Hamid Azwa Shawani Kamalul Arinfin Syakila Mohd Abd Daud Mohd Arman Kamaruddin Rosmina Jaafar Rahman Jamal Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia Medical Engineering Technology Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian InstituteGombak53100Malaysia Institut Islam Hadhari Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute(UMBI) Kuala Lumpur56000Malaysia Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia

A comprehensive study was conducted to differentiate cardiovascular disease (CVD) subjects from non-CVD subjects using short recording electrocardiogram (ECG) of 244 Malaysian adults in The MalaysianCohort project. An automated peak detection algorithm to detect nine fiducialpoints of electrocardiogram (ECG) was developed. Forty-eight features wereextracted in both time and frequency domains, including statistical featuresobtained from heart rate variability and Poincare plot analysis. These includefive new features derived from spectrum counts of five different frequencyranges. Feature selection was then made based on p-value and correlationmatrix. Selected features were used as input for five classifiers of artificialneural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machine(SVM), discriminant analysis (DA), and decision tree (DT). Results showedthat six features related to T wave were statistically significant in distinguishingCVD and non-CVD groups. ANN had performed the best with 94.44% specificity and 86.3% accuracy, followed by kNN with 80.56% specificity, 86.49%sensitivity and 83.56% accuracy. The novelties of this study were in providingalternative solutions to detect P-onset, P-offset, T-offset as well as QRS-onsetpoints using discrete wavelet transform method. Additionally, two out of thefive newly proposed spectral features were significant in differentiating bothgroups, at frequency ranges of 1–10 Hz and 5–10 Hz. The prediction outcomeswere also comparable to previous related studies and significantly importantin using ECG to predict cardiac-related events among CVD and non-CVDsubjects in the Malaysian population.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease ECG fiducial point detection electrocardiogram feature extraction machine learning

Online plasma diagnostics of a laser-produced plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第1期19卷 85-89页

作者：高凯 Nasr A M HAFZ 李松 Mohammad MIRZAIE 李光宇 Quratul ain Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China

In this study,we report a laser interferometry experiment for the online-diagnosing of a laserproduced *** laser pulses generating the plasma are ultra-fast（30 femtoseconds）,ultraintense（tens of Terawatt） and are focused on a helium gas jet to generate relativistic electron beams via the laser wakefield acceleration（LWFA） mechanism.A probe laser beam（λ=800 nm） which is split-off the main beam is used to cross the plasma at the time of arrival of the main pulse,allowing online plasma density *** interferometer setup is based on the No Marski method in which we used a Fresnel bi-prism where the probe beam interferes with itself after crossing the plasma medium.A high-dynamic range CCD camera is used to record the interference *** upon the Abel inversion technique,we obtained a 3D density distribution of the plasma density.

关键词： plasma diagnostics probe beam interferometry abel inversion

Evaluating the Effects of Sustainable Chemical and Organic Fertilizers with Water Saving Practice on Corn Production and Soil Characteristics

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1349-1360页

作者： Xuejun Zhang Muhammad Amjad Bashir Qurat-Ul-ain Raza Xiaotong Liu Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Qiuliang Lei Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza Abdur Rehim Yucong Geng Hongbin Liu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuan750002China Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan University of Layyah Layyah31200Pakistan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China

The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable *** adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental *** study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to *** study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil *** limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position.

关键词： Chemical fertilizer soil quality sustainable agriculture water management