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Activable Photodynamic DNA Probe with an“AND”Logic Gate for Precision Skin Cancer Therapy

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 735-750页

作者： Jiaojiao Zhu Lanyuan Peng shah jehan Haiyang Wang Xiang Chen Shuang Zhao Wenhu Zhou Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China Department of Dermatology Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseHunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410008China Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission ChangshaHunan 410008China. Furong Laboratory ChangshaHunanChina Department of Vascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510120China.

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach for squamous cell carcinoma treatment but hindered by tumor hypoxia,acquired resistance,phototoxicity,and so *** address these issues,we developed a smart strategy utilizing activable photosensitizers delivered by an aptamer-functionalized DNA probe(ADP).The ADP incorporated an AS1411 aptamer for tumor targeting and a linear antisense oligonucleotide(ASO)for recognition of Survivin *** the absence of the target,PDT remained quenched,thereby avoiding phototoxicity during circulation and nonselective *** the aid of the aptamer,ADP achieved selective targeting of *** internalization,ADP targeted recognized Survivin mRNA,triggering PDT activation,and releasing ASO to down-regulate Survivin expression and reverse tumor ***,the activable photosensitizers exhibited an“AND”logic gate,combining tumor-targeting delivery and tumor-related gene activation,thus enhancing its ***,the incorporation of hemin into the ADP provided catalase activity,converting tumor-abundant H_(2)O_(2) into O_(2),thereby ameliorating tumor *** resulting functionalized G-quadruplex/hemin–DNA probe complex demonstrated targeted delivery and activation,minimized side effects,and enhanced PDT efficacy in both xenograft tumor-bearing mice and patient-derived xenograft *** study offers a unique and promising platform for efficient and safe PDT,thus holding great potential for future clinical translation and improved cancer therapy.

关键词： specificity thereby Skin

An asymmetrical multilevel inverter with minimum voltage stress and fewer components for photovoltaic renewable-energy system

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 1-22页

作者： Memon, Rabail Mahar, Mukhtiar Ahmed Larik, Abdul Sattar shah, syed Asif Ali Mehran Univ Engn & Technol Dept Elect Engn Jamshoro Pakistan

The enhanced power quality provided by multilevel inverters (MLIs) has made them more appropriate for medium- and high-power applications, including photovoltaic systems. Nevertheless, a prevalent limitation involves the necessity for numerous switches and increased voltage stress across these switches, consequently increasing the overall system cost. To address these challenges, a new 17-level asymmetrical MLI with fewer components and low voltage stress is proposed for the photovoltaic system. This innovative MLI configuration has four direct current (DC) sources and 10 switches. Based on the trinary sequence, the proposed topology uses photovoltaics with boost converters and fuzzy logic controllers as its DC sources. Mathematical equations are used to calculate crucial parameters for this proposed design, including total standing voltage per unit (TSVPU), cost function per level (CF/L), component count per level (CC/L) and voltage stress across the switches. The comparison is conducted by considering switches, DC sources, TSVPU, CF/L, gate driver circuits and CC/L with other existing MLI topologies. The analysis is carried out under various conditions, encompassing different levels of irradiance, variable loads and modulation indices. To reduce the total harmonic distortion of the suggested topology, the phase opposition disposition approach has been incorporated. The suggested framework is simulated in MATLAB (R)/Simulink (R). The results indicate that the proposed topology achieves a well-distributed stress profile across the switches and has CC/L of 1.23, TSVPU of 5 and CF/L of 4.58 and 5.76 with weight coefficients of 0.5 and 1.5, respectively. These values are notably superior to those of existing MLI topologies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed topology maintains a consistent output at varying irradiance levels with FLCs and exhibits robust performance under variable loads and diverse modulation indices. Furthermore, the total harmonic disto

关键词： asymmetrical multilevel inverter photovoltaic system renewable energy component count per level cost function per level total standing voltage per unit phase opposition disposition technique CONVERTER TOPOLOGY REDUCED NUMBER IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE CONNECTION REDUCTION DESIGN SINGLE

Deep Learning Based Efficient Crowd Counting System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4001-4020页

作者： Waleed Khalid Al-Ghanem Emad Ul Haq Qazi Muhammad Hamza Faheem syed shah Amanullah Quadri Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Centre of Excellence in Cybercrime and Digital Forensics Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh14812Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence for Information Assurance(COEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia

Estimation of crowd count is becoming crucial nowadays,as it can help in security surveillance,crowd monitoring,and management for different *** is challenging to determine the approximate crowd size from an image of the crowd’s *** in this research study,we proposed a multi-headed convolutional neural network architecture-based model for crowd counting,where we divided our proposed model into two main components:(i)the convolutional neural network,which extracts the feature across the whole image that is given to it as an input,and(ii)the multi-headed layers,which make it easier to evaluate density maps to estimate the number of people in the input image and determine their number in the *** employed the available public benchmark crowd-counting datasets UCF CC 50 and ShanghaiTech parts A and B for model training and testing to validate the model’s *** analyze the results,we used two metrics Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Mean Square Error(MSE),and compared the results of the proposed systems with the state-of-art models of crowd *** results show the superiority of the proposed system.

关键词： Crowd counting EfficientNet multi-head attention convolutional neural network transfer learning

Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2839-2855页

作者： Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad syed Muqsit shaheed Rubia Fatima Sajid shah Mohammad Elaffendi Gauhar Ali School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computing Sciences Pak Austria FachhochschuleInstitute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT University of LahoreLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Science Emerson UniversityPunjabMultan60000Pakistan EIAS(Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems)Data Science Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyad12435Saudi Arabia

The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional ***,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional *** address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human ***,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale *** our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer *** results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT *** datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse *** findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window

An Implementation of Multiscale Line Detection and Mathematical Morphology for Efficient and Precise Blood Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2565-2583页

作者： syed Ayaz Ali shah Aamir shahzad Musaed Alhussein Chuan Meng Goh Khursheed Aurangzeb Tong Boon Tang Muhammad Awais Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22060Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University Tunku Abdul RehmanKampar CampusKampar31900Malaysia Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research University Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarPerak32610Malaysia School of Computing Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUK

Diagnosing various diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cardiovascular conditions,and diabetic retinopathy involves segmenting retinal blood *** task is particularly challenging when dealing with color fundus images due to issues like non-uniformillumination,low contrast,and variations in vessel appearance,especially in the presence of different ***,the speed of the retinal vessel segmentation system is of utmost *** the surge of now available big data,the speed of the algorithm becomes increasingly important,carrying almost equivalent weightage to the accuracy of the *** address these challenges,we present a novel approach for retinal vessel segmentation,leveraging efficient and robust techniques based on multiscale line detection and mathematical *** algorithm’s performance is evaluated on two publicly available datasets,namely the Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction dataset(DRIVE)and the Structure Analysis of Retina(STARE)*** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,withmean accuracy values of 0.9467 forDRIVE and 0.9535 for STARE datasets,aswell as sensitivity values of 0.6952 forDRIVE and 0.6809 for STARE ***,our algorithmexhibits competitive performance with state-of-the-art ***,it operates at an average speed of 3.73 s per image for DRIVE and 3.75 s for STARE *** is worth noting that these results were achieved using Matlab scripts containing multiple *** suggests that the processing time can be further reduced by replacing loops with *** the proposed algorithm can be deployed in real time *** summary,our proposed system strikes a fine balance between swift computation and accuracy that is on par with the best available methods in the field.

关键词： Line detector vessel detection localization mathematical morphology image processing

Enhancing Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection through Efficient Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2081-2098页

作者： Atif Mehmood Zhonglong Zheng Rizwan Khan Ahmad Al Smadi Farah shahid shahid Iqbal Mutasem K.Alsmadi Yazeed Yasin Ghadi syed Aziz shah Mostafa M.Ibrahim Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321002China Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics&Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Zarqa UniversityZarqa13100Jordan School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering College of ChemistryChemical Engineering andMaterials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China Department of Management Information Systems College of Applied Studies and Community ServiceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam32244Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Al Ain UniversityAbu Dhabi999041United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61519Egypt Healthcare Technology and Innovation Theme Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent HealthcareCoventry UniversityCoventryCV48BWUK

Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and ***,previous studies have mainly used handcrafted features to classify MCI,AD,and normal control(NC)*** paper focuses on using gray matter(GM)scans obtained through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for the diagnosis of individuals with MCI,AD,and *** improve classification performance,we developed two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation(i.e.,shear range,rotation,zoom range,channel shift).The first approach is a deep Siamese network(DSN),and the second approach involves using a cross-domain strategy with customized *** performed experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed *** experimental results demonstrate superior performance in classifying the three binary classification tasks:NC ***,NC ***,and MCI ***,we achieved a classification accuracy of 97.68%,94.25%,and 92.18%for the three cases,*** study proposes two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation to accurately diagnose MCI,AD,and normal control individuals using GM *** findings provide promising results for future research and clinical applications in the early detection and diagnosis of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease mild cognitive impairment normal control transfer learning classification augmentation

Immobilization techniques for beverage production using yeast cell systems: challenges, types, and future perspectives - a mini review

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Food and Health 2024年第4期6卷 27-38页

作者： syed Sib Tul Hassan shah Iqra Naeem Aimen Naeem Nabeel Khalid Bhutta Fatima Noor Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Biological Sciences University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Laboratory of Anti-allergic Functional Molecules College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310018China Department of Zoology Government College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan

Yeast immobilization is a process of physical entrapment of yeast cells using different techniques while maintaining their biological *** fermentation systems have significant advantages over conventional *** highlights that immobilized yeast cell systems have several benefits as compared to free yeast *** immobilized yeast cell systems improve fermentation rates,especially when paired with continuous fermentation and appropriate immobilization *** various immobilization techniques,continuous fermentation processes,yeast metabolic activity related to beverage flavor production,and bioreactor designs is vital for optimizing the use of immobilized yeast cells systems on industrial *** review provides an overview of recent basic research on immobilized yeast cell systems,with a focus on continuous beverage *** this study,different reactor configurations and immobilization techniques are *** study focus on the impacts of immobilization on the yeast cells,and discuss the recent advancements in these *** review concludes with a discussion on the practical applications of immobilized yeast cells and continuous fermentation in beverage production.

关键词： Yeast Cell System Beverages Continuous Fermentation Microbial System

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氯化铵溶液加速水泥基材料钙溶蚀的最佳浓度

常州大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第5期36卷 71-77页

作者：王少伟高文龙肖焰钰吴佳雯 syed Piyar Ali shah 常州大学城市建设学院江苏常州213164

选取0.2~6.0 mol/L的NH_(4)Cl溶液作为溶蚀介质,使用全浸泡法对纯水泥净浆试件开展加速溶蚀试验,研究不同浓度NH_(4)Cl溶液浸泡下试件的溶蚀深度、钙溶蚀量以及孔隙率随溶蚀时间的变化规律,并通过X射线衍射分析进行微观机理解释。结果发... 详细信息

选取0.2~6.0 mol/L的NH_(4)Cl溶液作为溶蚀介质,使用全浸泡法对纯水泥净浆试件开展加速溶蚀试验,研究不同浓度NH_(4)Cl溶液浸泡下试件的溶蚀深度、钙溶蚀量以及孔隙率随溶蚀时间的变化规律,并通过X射线衍射分析进行微观机理解释。结果发现,随着NH_(4)Cl溶液浓度的升高,其对溶蚀深度和钙溶蚀量的时间变化规律拟合所得Fick扩散定律比例系数分别呈先线性增大、后线性降低和负指数函数增长的演变规律,浸泡81 d后的试件溶蚀区相同深度处的CaCO_(3)衍射峰呈先降低、后增大的趋势。NH_(4)Cl溶液浓度过高,将导致溶蚀环境下固相含钙水化物的溶解-扩散过程明显偏离自然浸水环境下水泥基材料的钙溶蚀机理,NH_(4)Cl浸泡液浓度以3 mol/L为最佳。

关键词：水泥基材料钙溶蚀 NH 4Cl溶液浸泡法最佳浓度

Photodetachment of Di-atomic Negative Ion H^(-)_(2) near a Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第5期29卷 89-92页

作者： Muhammad Haneef Saleh Mohammad Suneela Arif jehan Akbar Nasrullah shah Imran Ullah Department of Physics Hazara UniversityGarden CampusMansehraPakistan Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanPakistan

We describe the effects of plane surface on the photo-detached electron spectra from H^(-)_(2).A z-polarized laser is used for the detachment of *** detached electron flux and photodetachment cross section are *** exists strong dependence on the distance of the H^(-)_(2) from the surface and also on the separation of atomic centers of H^(-)_(2).The results show strong oscillations for smaller values of distances,whereas for larger values the oscillating structure disappears.

关键词： atomic oscillating separation