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Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction and its application in magnetic random access memory

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第7期23卷 13-21页

作者：刘厚方 syed shahbaz ali 韩秀峰 Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Recent progresses in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） are reviewed and summarized. At first, the concept and source of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） are introduced. Next, a historical overview of PMA materials as magnetic electrodes, such as the RE-TM alloys TbFeCo and GdFeCo, novel tetragonal manganese alloys Mn-Ga, L10-ordered （Co, Fe）/Pt alloy, multilayer film [Co, Fe, CoFe/Pt, Pd, Ni, AU]N, and ultra-thin magnetic metal/oxidized barrier is offered. The other part of the article focuses on the optimization and fabrication of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB p-MTJs, which is thought to have high potential to meet the main demands for non-volatile magnetic random access memory.

关键词： magnetic random access memory perpendicular magnetic anisotropy spin transfer torque effect,magnetic tunnel junction

Approach to pseudomyxoma peritonei

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2018年第5期10卷 49-56页

作者： syed ali Rizvi Wajahat syed Ravi shergill Undergraduate Medicine McMaster University Department of Radiology McMaster University

Pseudomyxoma peritonei(PMP) is a mucinous tumour of the appendix that spreads into the peritoneal cavity in the form of gelatinous deposits. The incidence of PMP is believed to be approximately 1-3 out of a million per year. Nonetheless, due to its indolent nature, it is usually discovered at an advanced stage and severely impacts quality of life. Curative treatment for PMP is complete cytoreductive surgery(CRs) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC). An extensive literature review was conducted searching EMBAsE, MEDLINE, Pub Med, and Google scholar databases for PMP in aims to delineate a clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Literature was limited to the years 2007-2018. We found the 5-year overall survival with CRs and HIPEC estimated to be between 23%-82% and rates of major complications as high as 24%. Therefore, it is important to appropriately stage and select patients that should undergo CRs with HIPEC. Modalities like MDCT radiological scores have been shown to have sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 81%, respectively, in being able to predict resectability and survival. Despite treatment, the disease often recurs. Tumor markers have significant potential for establishing prognosis preoperatively, and this paper will review the most recent evidence in support of them.

关键词： Pseudomyxoma peritonei Cytoreductive surgery Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy Mucocele Appendix

Zr-pillared montmorillonite supported cobalt nanoparticles for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2013年第4期23卷 374-381页

作者： Nisar Ahmad syed Tajammul Hussain Bakhtiar Muhammad Nisar ali syed Mustansar Abbas Zulfqar ali Department of Chemistry Hazara University Nano science and Catalysis Division National Centre for PhysicsQAU CampusIslamabadPakistan Department of Physics University of the Punjab CEEs University of the Punjab

In this article Fischer–Tropsch(FT) synthesis was studied over cobalt nanoparticles supported on modifed Montmorillonite(Zr-PILC).Co-loaded/Zr-PILC catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,H2-TPR,TGA and sEM *** reactions were carried out in fxed bed microreactor(T 225 1C,260 1C and 275 1C,P 1,5 and 10 bars).The FT-products obtained over Co-loaded/Zr-PILC catalysts showed increased selectivity of C2–C12hydrocarbons and decreased selectivity towards CH4and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons(C21) at a TOs of 2–30 h as compared to the Co-loaded/NaMMT *** increase in reaction temperature from225 1C to 275 1C,CO-conversion and CH4selectivity increases while that of C5+hydrocarbons *** in CH4selectivity while increase in C5+hydrocarbons and CO-conversion were observed on increasing the pressure of reaction.

关键词： Fischer–Tropsch synthesis Montmorillonite Cobalt Zirconium pillared clay

Development of a Bias Compensating Q-Learning Controller for a Multi-Zone HVAC Facility

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2023年第8期10卷 1704-1715页

作者： syed ali Asad Rizvi Amanda J.Pertzborn Zongli Lin IEEE the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN 38505 USA the Mechanical systems and Controls Group in the Building Energy and Environment Division at the National Institute of standards and Technology(NIsT) GaithersburgMD 20899 USA the Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4743 USA

We present the development of a bias compensating reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that optimizes thermal comfort(by minimizing tracking error)and control utilization(by penalizing setpoint deviations)in a multi-zone heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)lab facility subject to unmeasurable disturbances and unknown *** is shown that the presence of unmeasurable disturbance results in an inconsistent learning equation in traditional RL controllers leading to parameter estimation bias(even with integral action support),and in the extreme case,the divergence of the learning *** demonstrate this issue by applying the popular Q-learning algorithm to linear quadratic regulation(LQR)of a multi-zone HVAC environment and showing that,even with integral support,the algorithm exhibits bias issue during the learning phase when the HVAC disturbance is unmeasurable due to unknown heat gains,occupancy variations,light sources,and outside weather *** address this difficulty,we present a bias compensating learning equation that learns a lumped bias term as a result of disturbances(and possibly other sources)in conjunction with the optimal control *** results show that the proposed scheme not only recovers the bias-free optimal control parameters but it does so without explicitly learning the dynamic model or estimating the disturbances,demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm in addressing the above challenges.

关键词： HVAC control optimal tracking Q-learning reinforcement learning(RL)

Fractional Analysis of Thin Film Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2020年第9期124卷 825-845页

作者： Farnaz Ismail Mubashir Qayyum syed Inayat ali shah Department of Mathematics Islamia College UniversityPeshawarPakistan Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer&Emerging Sciences FASTLahorePakistan

Modeling and analysis of thin film flow with respect to magneto hydro dynamical effect has been an important theme in the field of fluid dynamics,due to its vast industrial *** analysis involves studying the behavior and response of governing equations on the basis of various parameters such as thickness of the film,film surface profile,shear stress,liquid velocity,volumetric flux,vorticity,gravity,viscosity among others,along with different boundary *** this article,we extend this analysis in fractional space using a homotopy based scheme,considering the case of a Non-Newtonian Pseudo-Plastic fluid for lifting and drainage on a vertical *** applying similarity transformations,the given problems are reduced to highly non-linear and inhomogeneous ordinary differential ***,fractional differential equations are obtained using basic definitions of fractional *** Homotopy Perturbation Method(HPM),along with fractional calculus is used for obtaining approximate *** quantities such as the velocity profile,volume flux and average velocity respectively for lift and drainage cases have been *** the best of our knowledge,the given problems have not been attempted before in fractional *** and convergence of the obtained solutions are confirmed by finding residual *** a physical perspective,a comprehensive study of the effects of various parameters on the velocity profile is also *** reveals that stokes number st,non-Newtonian parameterand magnetic parameter M have inverse relationship with fluid velocity in lifting *** the drainage case,stokes number st and non-Newtonian parameterhave direct relationship with fluid velocity,but magnetic parameter M shows inverse relationship with *** investigation also shows that the fractional parameterhas direct relationship with the fluid velocity in lifting case,while it has inverse relationship with velocity in the

关键词： Pseudo-plastic fluid magneto hydro dynamic fractional differential equation homotopy perturbation method

An Energy-Efficient 12b 2.56 Ms/s sAR ADC Using successive scaling of Reference Voltages

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 2127-2139页

作者： Hojin Kang syed Asmat ali shah HyungWon Kim Department of Electronics Engineering College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityCheongju28644Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22060Pakistan

This paper presents an energy efficient architecture for successive approximation register(sAR)analog to digital converter(ADC).sAR ADCs with a capacitor array structure have been widely used because of its simple architecture and relatively high ***,conventional sAR ADCs consume relatively high energy due to the large number of capacitors used in the capacitor array and their sizes scaled up along with the number of *** proposed architecture reduces the energy consumption as well as the capacitor size by employing a new array architecture that scales down the reference voltages instead of scaling up the capacitor *** proposed 12-bit sAR ADC is implemented in Complementary Metal Oxide semiconductor(CMOs)0.13 um library using Cadence Virtuoso design *** results and mathematical model demonstrate the overall energy savings of up to 97.3%compared with conventional sAR ADC,67%compared with the sAR ADC with split capacitor,and 35%compared with the resistor and capacitor(R&C)Hybrid sAR *** ADC achieves an effective number of bits(ENOB)of 11.27 bits and consumes 61.7 uW at sampling rate of 2.56 Ms/s,offering an energy consumption of 9.8 fJ per conversion *** proposed sAR ADC offers 95.5%reduction in chip core area compared to conventional architecture,while occupying an active area of 0.088 mm2.

关键词： Low voltage low power successive approximation register analog to digital converter switching energy

Integration of ID and 3D modeling schemes to establish the Farewell Formation as a self-sourced reservoir in Kupe Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

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Frontiers of Earth science 2021年第3期15卷 631-648页

作者： s.M.Talha QADRI Md Aminul IsLAM Mohamad Ragab sHALABY syed Haroon ali Department of Earth sciences University of TorontoToronto M5S2E8Canada Geosciences Program Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamBandar Seri Begawan BE 1410Negara Brunei Darussalam Geology Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Earth sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan

Along with conventional methods,this paper proposed a method in which ID and 3D models are integrated to identify the self-sourced reservoir potential of the Farewell Formation in the Kupe Gas Field within the Taranaki Basin,New *** rock characteristics were evaluated at both field and basin scales by investigating source rock maturity,type of organic matter,and hydrocarbon generation potential by rock pyrolysis,using Rock-Eval 2 and *** ID thermal and burial history model established the rate of sedimentation and thermal history of the Kupe 4 *** characterization at field-scale was determined by seismic interpretation,well log analysis,and 3D structural and petrophysical *** sediments of the Farewell Formation contain types Ⅱ-Ⅲ(oil/gas prone)and type Ⅲ(gas prone)and have fair-to-excellent generation *** oxygen and hydrogen indices ranged from 3 to 476 mg C0_(2)/g TOC and 26 to 356 mg HC/g TOC,respectively,whereas the thermal maturity determined by vitrinite reflectance values ranged between 0.3%and 0.72%,indicating that the Farewell Formation is in immature-to-mature hydrocarbon generation ***,Farewell Formation was verified to be a good source ***,structural interpretations demonstrated the structural complexity of an extensional and contractional regime within the reservoir *** faults indicated a good reservoir property there with a trapping mechanism as well as migration paths.A well-log-based petrophysical analysis established the presence of up to 70%hydrocarbon saturation within the pore spaces of Farewell *** 3D models confirmed that the Farewell Formation has significant sand zones and hydrocarbon-saturated zones,thereby proving its very good reservoir *** has been proved that the ID and 3D structural schemes,integrated with geological techniques,was vital in identifying the Kupe Field as a self-sourced reservoir.

关键词： self-sourced reservoir Kupe Field Farewell Formation Taranaki Basin

An interacting scenario for dark energy in a Bianchi type-I universe

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第11期14卷 1383-1392页

作者： Hassan Amirhashchi syed Nasrullah ali Qazi Hishamuddin Zainuddin Department of Physics Mahshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Laboratory of Computational sciences and Mathematical Physics Institute for Mathematical Research Universiti Putra Malaysia

We study the interaction between dark energy （DE） and dark matter in the scope of anisotropic Bianchi type-I space-time. First we derive the general form of the DE equation of state （Eos） parameter in both non-interacting and interacting cases and then we examine its future by applying a hyperbolic scale factor. It is shown that in the non-interacting case, depending on the value of the anisotropy parameter K, the DE Eos parameter varies from phantom to quintessence whereas in the interacting case the Eos parameter varies in the quintessence region. However, in both cases, the DE Eos parameter ωde ultimately （i.e. at z ： -1） tends to the cosmological constant （ωde = -1）. Moreover, we fix the cosmological bound on the anisotropy parameter K by using recent observational data about the Hubble parameter.

关键词： cosmology: Bianchi type-I model -- dark energy -- dark matter

RBF Based Localized Method for solving Nonlinear Partial Integro-Differential Equations

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2020年第6期123卷 957-972页

作者： Marjan Uddin Najeeb Ullah syed Inayat ali shah University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan Islamia College University PeshawarPakistan

In this work,a numerical scheme is constructed for solving nonlinear parabolictype partial-integro differential *** proposed numerical scheme is based on radial basis functions which are local in nature like finite difference numerical *** radial basis functions are used to approximate the derivatives involved and the integral is approximated by equal width integration *** resultant differentiation matrices are sparse in *** spatial approximation using RBF the partial integro-differential equations reduce to the system of *** ODEs system can be solved by various types of ODE *** proposed numerical scheme is tested and compared with other methods available in literature for different test *** stability and convergence of the present numerical scheme are discussed.

关键词： RBFs integral equations local method