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Early-Stage Segmentation and Characterization of Brain Tumor

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1001-1017页

作者： syed nauyan rashid Muhammad Hanif Usman Habib Akhtar Khalil Omair Inam Hafeez Ur Rehman Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences IslamabadPeshawar CampusPakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan(GIK)Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopiPakistan IFahja Pvt Limited PeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadPakistan

Gliomas are the most aggressive brain tumors caused by the abnormal growth of brain tissues.The life expectancy of patients diagnosed with gliomas decreases exponentially.Most gliomas are diagnosed in later stages,resulting in imminent death.On average,patients do not survive 14 months after diagnosis.The only way to minimize the impact of this inevitable disease is through early diagnosis.The Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)scans,because of their better tissue contrast,are most frequently used to assess the brain tissues.The manual classification of MRI scans takes a reasonable amount of time to classify brain tumors.Besides this,dealing with MRI scans manually is also cumbersome,thus affects the classification accuracy.To eradicate this problem,researchers have come up with automatic and semiautomatic methods that help in the automation of brain tumor classification task.Although,many techniques have been devised to address this issue,the existing methods still struggle to characterize the enhancing region.This is because of low variance in enhancing region which give poor contrast in MRI scans.In this study,we propose a novel deep learning based method consisting of a series of steps,namely:data pre-processing,patch extraction,patch pre-processing,and a deep learning model with tuned hyper-parameters to classify all types of gliomas with a focus on enhancing region.Our trained model achieved better results for all glioma classes including the enhancing region.The improved performance of our technique can be attributed to several factors.Firstly,the non-local mean filter in the pre-processing step,improved the image detail while removing irrelevant noise.Secondly,the architecture we employ can capture the non-linearity of all classes including the enhancing region.Overall,the segmentation scores achieved on the Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)metric for normal,necrosis,edema,enhancing and non-enhancing tumor classes are 0.95,0.97,0.91,0.93,0.95;respectively.

关键词： Segmentation CNN characterization brain tumor MRI

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Comparison of resistive index and shear-wave elastography in the evaluation of chronic kidney allograft dysfunction

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 154-163页

作者： Ameet Kumar Jesrani syed M Faiq Rahma rashid Tariq Ali Kalwar Rehan Mohsin Tahir Aziz Nida Amin Khan Muhammed Mubarak Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Transplantation Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Detection of early chronic changes in the kidney allograft is important for timely intervention and long-term survival.Conventional and novel ultrasound-based investigations are being increasingly used for this purpose with variable results.AIM To compare the diagnostic performance of resistive index(RI)and shear wave elastography(SWE)in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing changes of kidney allograft with histopathological results.METHODS This is a cross-sectional and comparative study.A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study,which was conducted at the Departments of Transplantation and Radiology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan,from August 2022 to February 2023.All consecutive patients with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)after three months of transplantation were enrolled in this study.SWE and RI were performed and the findings of these were evaluated against the kidney allograft biopsy results to determine their diagnostic utility.RESULTS The mean age of all patients was 35.32±11.08 years.Among these,126(81.8%)were males and 28(18.2%)were females.The mean serum creatinine in all patients was 2.86±1.68 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 35.38±17.27 mL/min/1.73 m2.Kidney allograft biopsy results showed chronic changes in 55(37.66%)biopsies.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of SWE for the detection of chronic allograft damage were 93.10%,96.87%%,94.73%,and 95.87%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.45%.For RI,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,and NPV were 76.92%,83.33%,70.17%,and 87.62%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.16%.CONCLUSION The results from this study show that SWE is more sensitive and specific as compared to RI in the evaluation of chronic allograft damage.It can be of great help during the routine follow-up of kidney transplant recipients for screening and early detection of chronic changes and select

关键词： Shear wave Sonoelastography Resistive index Chronic allograft changes Biopsy Histopathology

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Web GIS-Based Temporal Analysis of Climatic Factors Impacting Heat Stroke in Karachi

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第1期16卷 61-69页

作者： Ali Atif Mahnoor Rehman Muhammad Butt syed Mahmood Shahid Ghazi rashid Mehmood Department of Management Victoria University Sydney Australia Department of Geography Government College University Lahore Pakistan Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Centre of Geographic Information System University of The Punjab Lahore Pakistan

This study focuses on the impact of climate change, specifically the increasing threat of heatwaves, in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the city of Karachi. The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) analysed a century of climatic data to reveal warming trends, attributing them to human-induced factors. The vulnerability of Pakistan to climate change is highlighted, given its warm climate and location in a region where temperature increases are expected to surpass global averages. The study examines the past three decades, noting a significant rise in the frequency of hot days, especially in Karachi, where heatwaves have become more prevalent. The aims and objectives of the study involve identifying temporal changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed from 1984 to 2014 in Karachi. The literature review emphasizes the health implications of heatwaves, citing increased mortality during such events globally. The study incorporates a comprehensive temporal analysis, addressing gaps in previous research by considering multiple climate indicators responsible for heatwaves. The methodology involves statistical analyses, including linear regression and Pearson correlation, applied to temperature data and urbanization parameters. Results indicate an increasing trend in heat index temperature, with heatwave vulnerability peaking in the last three decades. Heat Index Temperature Anomalies show a clear surge, emphasizing the need for new indices to control critical heat stress conditions. The study concludes that tropical climate variability, particularly heat index, is linked to extreme hot days, urging measures to reduce population vulnerability. The findings underscore the importance of policy strategies, such as integrated coastal zone management, to mitigate the adverse health effects of heatwaves in Karachi’s vulnerable population.

关键词： IPCC Heat Wave Heat Index PMD

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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran rashid Sohail rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

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Invariant of Enhanced AES Algorithm Implementations Against Power Analysis Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1861-1875页

作者： Nadia Mustaqim Ansari rashid Hussain Sheeraz Arif syed Sajjad Hussain Department of Electronic Engineering Dawood University of Engineering&TechnologyKarachiPakistan Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachiPakistan Faculty of Information Technology Salim Habib UniversityKarachiPakistan Faculty of Computer Sciences SZABISTKarachiPakistan

The security of Internet of Things(IoT)is a challenging task for researchers due to plethora of IoT networks.Side Channel Attacks(SCA)are one of the major concerns.The prime objective of SCA is to acquire the information by observing the power consumption,electromagnetic(EM)field,timing analysis,and acoustics of the device.Later,the attackers perform statistical functions to recover the key.Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)algorithm has proved to be a good security solution for constrained IoT devices.This paper implements a simulation model which is used to modify theAES algorithm using logicalmasking properties.This invariant of the AES algorithm hides the array of bits during substitution byte transformation of AES.This model is used against SCAand particularly Power Analysis Attacks(PAAs).Simulation model is designed on MATLAB simulator.Results will give better solution by hiding power profiles of the IoT devices against PAAs.In future,the lightweight AES algorithm with false key mechanisms and power reduction techniques such as wave dynamic differential logic(WDDL)will be used to safeguard IoT devices against side channel attacks by using Arduino and field programmable gate array(FPGA).

关键词： Side channel attacks power analysis attacks network security masking advance encryption standard

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Energy and Life Cycle Assessment of Zinc/Water Nanofluid Based Photovoltaic Thermal System

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 827-846页

作者： Junaid Khan rashid Ali Muzammil Zubair syed Mohd Yahya SEARL Laboratory Department of Mechancial EngineeringAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

Cooling the PV surface in a Photovoltaic Thermal system is a pivotal operational aspect to be taken into account to achieve optimized values of performance parameters in a Photovoltaic Thermal System.The experimental design used in this study facilitates the flow of varying concentrations of Zn-water nanofluid in serpentine copper tubing installed at the rear of the PV panel thereby preventing the PV surface temperature from increasing beyond the threshold value at which a decrease in electrical efficiency starts to occur.This fusion of solar thermal with PV devices leads to better electrical and thermal efficiency values resulting in decreased cell degradation over time and maximization of the lifespan of the PV module and the energy output from the PV system.Due to the superior thermal heat properties of nanofluids,their usage in such systems has become increasingly widespread.Life cycle metrics which include Energy Payback period,Energy Production Factor and life cycle conversion efficiency were evaluated for the PVT system by exhaustively chalking fundamental parameters such as embodied energy of the PVT setup and the total energy output from the PVT system.This research aims to be a major milestone in the evolutionary journey of Photovoltaic Thermal modules by guiding the engineers working on the theory,design and implementation of PVT systems towards its economic feasibility,environmental impact and energy sustainability.

关键词： Photovoltaic thermal system nanofluids performance parameters life cycle assessment

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The correlation of spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio with 24-h urinary protein excretion in various glomerulopathies

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第5期12卷 159-167页

作者： Amber Raza syed Haider Nawaz Rahma rashid Ejaz Ahmed Muhammed Mubarak Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important and well-known biomarker of many forms of kidney injury.Its quantitation is of particular importance in the diagnosis and management of glomerular diseases.Its quantification can be done by several methods.Among these,the measurement of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the gold standard method.However,it is cumbersome,time-consuming,and inconvenient for patients and is not completely foolproof.Many alternative methods have been tested over time albeit with conflicting results.Among the latter,the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(uPCR)in singlevoided urinary samples is widely used.The majority of studies found a good correlation between uPCR in single urine samples with 24-h urinary protein estimation,whereas others did not.AIM To investigate the correlation of spot uPCR with 24-h urinary protein estimation in patients suffering from different forms of glomerulopathies at a single largevolume nephrological center in Pakistan.METHODS This cross-sectional,observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan from September 2017 to March 2018.All newly presenting adult patients with proteinuria who were being investigated for suspected glomerulonephritis and persistent proteinuria with ages between 18 to 60 years were enrolled.All patients were given detailed advice regarding 24-h urine collection starting at 7:00 AM for total protein and creatinine excretion estimations.A spot urine sample was collected the next day at the time of submission of a 24-h urine sample for measuring uPCR along with a blood sample.The data of patients were collected in a proforma.SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 157 patients were included.Their mean age was 30.45±12.11 years.There were 94(59.8%)males and 63(40.2%)females.The mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was 3192.78±1959.79 mg and the mean spot uPCR was 3.16±1.52 in all patients.A weak but significant correlation wa

关键词： Glomerulopathies 24-h proteinuria Spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio Correlation Proteinuria Agreement

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Bug Prioritization Using Average One Dependence Estimator

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 3517-3533页

作者： Kashif Saleem rashid Naseem Khalil Khan Siraj Muhammad Ikram syed Jaehyuk Choi Department of IT and Computer Science Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyPakAustriaFochhshuleHaripurPakistan Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore54660Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalUpper DirKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakitan School of Computing Gachon University1342Seongnam-daeroSujeong-guSeongnam-si13120Korea

Automation software need to be continuously updated by addressing software bugs contained in their repositories.However,bugs have different levels of importance;hence,it is essential to prioritize bug reports based on their sever-ity and importance.Manually managing the deluge of incoming bug reports faces time and resource constraints from the development team and delays the resolu-tion of critical bugs.Therefore,bug report prioritization is vital.This study pro-poses a new model for bug prioritization based on average one dependence estimator;it prioritizes bug reports based on severity,which is determined by the number of attributes.The more the number of attributes,the more the severity.The proposed model is evaluated using precision,recall,F1-Score,accuracy,G-Measure,and Matthew’s correlation coefficient.Results of the proposed model are compared with those of the support vector machine(SVM)and Naive Bayes(NB)models.Eclipse and Mozilla datasetswere used as the sources of bug reports.The proposed model improved the bug repository management and out-performed the SVM and NB models.Additionally,the proposed model used a weaker attribute independence supposition than the former models,thereby improving prediction accuracy with minimal computational cost.

关键词： Bug report triaging prioritization support vector machine Naive Bayes

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Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 547-569页

作者： Ishrat Parveiz Bhat Tahseen Bilal Rather Irfan Maqbool Gowhar rashid Kulsum Akhtar Gulzar A Bhat Fazl Q Parray Besina syed Ishrat Younas Khan Mohsin Kazi Muhammad D Hussain Mudassar syed Department of Clinical Biochemistry Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of General Surgery Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Pathology Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityPO Box 2457Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences California Health Sciences UniversityCaliforniaCA 93612United States

BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)is a mediator of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling,inflammatory processes and fibrosis in various illnesses including cancer.AIM To investigate the role of CTGF in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression and to compare the CTGF expression with different clinicopathological parameters.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to evaluate the CTGF expression and the results were statistically analyzed against the clinicopathological variables of patient data using STATA software version 16.RESULTS CTGF expression levels in tumor specimens were significantly higher than their paired normal specimens.The higher protein expression levels showed a significant association with smoking,staging,tumor grade,invasion depth,necrosis of tumor tissue,and both lymphovascular and perineural invasion.As per the cox regression model and classification tree analysis,tumor-nodemetastasis stage and perineural invasion were important predictors for CTGF expression and prognosis of CRC patients.Survival analysis indicated that CTGF overexpression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival.CONCLUSION Expression of CTGF was increased in CRC and was linked with poor overall and disease-free survival of CRC patients.These findings support prior observations and thus CTGF may be a possible prognostic marker in CRC.

关键词： Connective tissue growth factor Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction Immunohistochemistry Western blotting Colorectal cancer

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Safety and feasibility of same day discharge after per oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy in refractory gastroparesis: a pilot study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第12期135卷 1432-1437页

作者： Rushikesh Shah Huimin Chen Lucie F.Calderon Tonia Gooden Maryam Mubashir Shazia rashid syed Musa Raza Allison Derise Grace Mccurdy Brenna Sanders Steve Keilin Qiang Cai Division of Digestive Diseases Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shanghai nsitute of Digestive DiseaseRenj HospitalShanghai JjaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Louisiana State UniversitShreveportLAUSA

Background:Gastroparesis is a debilitating medical condition with limited treatment options.Gastric per-oral pyloromyotomy(G-POEM)has emerged as a promising treatment option with remarkable short-term clinical success shown in multiple studies.While the post-procedure protocol is not standardized across many centers,the majority of the centers observes these patients in the hospital after the procedure for monitoring.In this single-center prospective study,we evaluated the safety and feasibility of same day discharge after the G-POEM procedure.Methods:All the patients with refractory gastroparesis undergoing G-POEM from October 2019 to March 2020 were enrolled.A total of 25 patients were enrolled in the procedure.Based on the pre-defined criteria,patients were either discharged on the same day after the procedure or admitted to the hospital for further observation.The patient and procedure-related data were extracted from the chart review.Univariate analysis was performed(chi-squared test)on categorical variables after organizing categorical variables as numeric counts or percentages.The student t test was performed on continuous variables after reporting as mean and standard deviation.For analysis with a smaller sample size,Fisher exact and Mann–Whitney tests were used.Results:A total of 25 patients were enrolled.The technical success of G-POEM was 100%and clinical success was 80%(20/25)at 1-month follow-up.Of the 25 patients,9 patients(36%)were discharged on the same day according to the procedure from the recovery unit.Of the remaining 16 patients who were admitted to the hospital post-procedure,10(40%)were admitted due to procedure-related causes while other admissions were either pre-planned or due to social reasons.The average Charlson comorbidity index was lower in the same day discharge group(P<0.05).The number of patients requiring double myotomy was higher in the same day discharge group(P<0.05).The overall complication rate of G-POEM in the study cohort was 12%(3/25)with all complications being mild wi

关键词： G-POEM Pyloromyotomy Gastroparesis Gastric per-oral pyloromyotomy

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