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Deep Imitation Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第1期7卷 82-95页

作者： Parham M.Kebria Abbas Khosravi syed moshfeq salaken Saeid Nahavandi Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation(IISRI) Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVIC 3216Australia

Providing autonomous systems with an effective quantity and quality of information from a desired task is challenging. In particular, autonomous vehicles, must have a reliable vision of their workspace to robustly accomplish driving functions. Speaking of machine vision, deep learning techniques, and specifically convolutional neural networks, have been proven to be the state of the art technology in the field. As these networks typically involve millions of parameters and elements, designing an optimal architecture for deep learning structures is a difficult task which is globally under investigation by researchers. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of three major architectural properties of convolutional networks, including the number of layers, filters, and filter size on their performance. In this study, several models with different properties are developed,equally trained, and then applied to an autonomous car in a realistic simulation environment. A new ensemble approach is also proposed to calculate and update weights for the models regarding their mean squared error values. Based on design properties,performance results are reported and compared for further investigations. Surprisingly, the number of filters itself does not largely affect the performance efficiency. As a result, proper allocation of filters with different kernel sizes through the layers introduces a considerable improvement in the *** of this study will provide the researchers with a clear clue and direction in designing optimal network architectures for deep learning purposes.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles convolutional neural networks deep learning imitation learning

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