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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 53-61页

作者： Brett m. Bennett Gregory A. Barton School of Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Historical Studies Faculty of HumanitiesUniversity of JohannesburgC-Ring 2-Orange Block(Kingsway Campus)Corner Kingsway and University RoadAuckland ParkSouth Africa

Background： This article traces the history of scientific ideas connecting forest cover with rainfall to inform ongoing debates about whether forests are net users or producers of water in the hydrological cycle. Scholars of the supply-side school argue that forests are net producers and magnifiers that increase rainfall at regional scales. Supply-side scholars seek to challenge the dominance of demand-side thinking. The demand-side school emphasizes that trees are net users of water within a catchment that decrease overall water available for other users. This scientific debate has significant implications for the development of policies to manage forests and water. Results： Scientists have debated the question of whether forests improve or worsen water balance for over two hundred years. Connections between forests and rainfall gained prominence in scientific circles during the second half of the nineteenth century and again during the past three decades. The popularity of forest- rainfall connections has paralleled societal and scientific interest in anthropogenic climate change and deforestation. Theories connecting forests with rainfall peaked in popularity in the 1850s to 1880s, a period when scientists expressed alarm that deforestation caused regional declines in precipitation. Forests were understood to create rain within a locality and region. Scientific consensus shifted by the early twentieth century to the view that forests did not play a significant role in determining rainfall. The forest-rainfall connection reemerged in the 1980s alongside advances in climate modelling and growing fears of anthropogenic global warming and tropical deforestation. Using new data and theories, supply-side advocates have once again placed a strong forest-rainfall connection into scientific prominence. Conclusion： Supply-side management policies have a checkered history that should elicit caution, while demand-side policies, which are based on almost a century of hydrolog

关键词： Climate change Environmental history Forests Hydrology Rain Water

Review:Resuspension of wall deposits in spray dryers

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第11期8卷 1762-1774页

作者： HANUS m.J. LANGRISH T.A.G. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Wall deposition occurs in spray dryers when dried or partially dried particles contact and adhere to the walls during operation, thus reducing the yield of product collected. Wall deposits also present a product contamination risk and a fire or explosion risk when spray drying products that oxidize exothermically, such as milk powder. Re-entrainment is the resuspension of spray dryer wall deposits into the main gas stream for collection as product. Literature suggests that the process for re-entrainment of particles from spray dryer wall deposits is strongly dependent on particle size and gas velocity.

关键词： Wall deposition Spray dryers Dried particles Re-entrainment Adhesive forces

Physical,Thermal and Partial Discharge Evaluation of Nano Alumina Filled Silicone Rubber in an Inclined Plane Test

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第4期8卷 1242-1249页

作者： m.Tariq Nazir Faizan Tahir Butt Haider Hussain B.Toan Phung Shakeel Akram m.Shoaib Bhutta Ghulam Yasin School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australiaand the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia Institut d'Electronique et des Systès(IES) UMR 5214CNRSUniversitéde Montpellier34095 MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChonging 400044China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of EnergyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Silicone rubber(SiR)composite material is a modern-day insulator for high voltage outdoor *** imperfection attributed to SiR is its weak resistance to tracking and erosion when exposed to an outdoor polluted environment which reduces its operational *** paper investigates the performance of SiR with the addition of 0,1,2.5,5,10 and 20%by weight contents of nano alumina(Al_(2)O_(3)).Inclined plane tests are performed according to IEC 60587 using the step up tracking voltage method with an initial voltage of 3.0 kV and the contaminant solution flow rate is maintained at 0.3 ml/min using a peristaltic *** applied voltage level is increased at a rate of 0.25 kV/*** suggest that physical tracking,erosion,RmS leakage current and surface partial discharge(PD)performance of samples is improved with the addition of nano *** tracking length,eroded mass,RmS leakage current and average PD magnitude are measured 22%,79%,30%and 52%lesser in 20 wt%relative to 0 wt%,respectively.A thermal distribution analysis is undertaken with infrared camera and it is discovered that heat is accumulated in the discharge area of the liquid *** maximum temperature on the insulating specimen is decreased with increasing nanofiller *** above promising findings can be due to better thermal stability with low chain mobility at the interaction zone of SiR and ***,less liquid evaporation due to better thermal conduction and improved physical bonding between SiR and nano alumina are possible reasons behind the excellent performance of nanocomposites.

关键词： Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3)) dry band arcing(DBA) inclined plane test(IPT) infrared thermal analysis leakage current partial discharge(PD) silicone rubber(SiR) thermal properties

New insights into the regulation of cholesterol eft from the sperm membrane

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 561-567页

作者： Tamara Leahy Bart m Gadella Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Sydney 2006 Sydney Australia Department of Farm Animal Health and of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan 2 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands.

Cholesterol is an essential component of the mammalian plasma membrane because it promotes membrane stability without comprising membrane fluidity. Given this important cellular role, cholesterol levels are tightly controlled at multiple levels. It has been clearly shown that cholesterol redistribution and depletion from the sperm membrane is a key part of the spermatozoon＇s preparation for fertilization. Some factors that regulate these events are described （e.g., bicarbonate, calcium） but the mechanisms underlying cholesterol export are poorly understood. How does a hydrophobic cholesterol molecule inserted in the sperm plasma membrane enter the energetically unfavorable aqueous surroundings？ This review will provide an overview of knowledge in this area and highlight our gaps in understanding. The overall aim is to better understand cholesterol redistribution in the sperm plasma membrane, its relation to the possible activation of a cholesterol transporter and the role of cholesterol acceptors. Armed with such knowledlze, sl）erm handlin~ techniques can be adapted to better prepare spermatozoa for in vitro and in vivo fertilization.

关键词： ATP binding cassette transporters albumin high-density lipoprotein lipid rafts membrane fluidity membranemicrodomains membrane packing oxysterols reverse cholesterol transport sterol transporters

The skeleton gets a （reproductive） life

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 651-652页

作者： Charles m Allan David l Handelsman ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Universityof Sydney Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

To most well-informed scientists who do not work on bone, the idea that bones determine anything other than your posture and location for the miseries of arthritis would come as quite a surprise. It would be like imagining that the walls of our home played something more than a passive role in the complexities of the lives conducted within. Yet something precisely as radical as that is what Karsenty and his colleagues boldly imagined,1 and then provocatively established in a series of studies over the past decade.20steocalcin （OCN） is a vitamin K- dependent peptide hormone secreted by the bone-formine osteoblasts.

关键词： Transcription

Recent trends in the use of polyoxometalate-based material for efficient water oxidation

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1877-1887页

作者： HAN ZhanGang BOND Alan m ZHAO Chuan School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Polyoxometalates （POms）, with their attractive topological and electronic properties, have been demonstrated over the last few decades to be efficient catalysts for many reactions. In a new direction, POms having a purely inorganic framework are now being explored as efficient catalysts for water oxidation. This review focuses on very recent developments of POm-based catalysts for water oxidation to O2. In the very extensive family of POms, tetra-core sandwich-type Ru- and Co-containing POm complexes, namely [Ru404（OH）2（H20）4（y-SiW10O36）2]10- and [CO4（H2O）2（a-PWgO34）2]10- exhibit the ability to facilitate water oxidation under electrocatalytic and/or photocatalytic conditions. However, it is concluded that much work still needs to be done to explain the catalytic mechanisms and optimize these catalytic systems. In addition, recent trends in using ionic liquids as media to modify the electrolytic environment and enhance water oxidation are highlighted.

关键词： polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysis electrochemistry photochemistry energy

Unlocking the ultrastructure of colorectal cancer cells in vitro using selective staining

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第22期16卷 2743-2753页

作者： Joanna m Biazik Kristina A Jahn Filip Braet Australian Key Centre for microscopy and microanalysis Madsen Building F09 The University of Sydney

AIm: To characterise differences between three widely used colorectal cancer cell lines using ultrastructural selective staining for glycogen to determine variation in metastatic properties. mETHODS: Transmission electron microscopy was used in this investigation to help identify intracellular structures and morphological features which are precursors of tumor invasion. In addition to morphological markers, we used selective staining of glycogen as a marker for neoplastic cellular proliferation and determined whether levels of glycogen change between the three different cell lines. RESULTS: Ultrastructural analysis revealed morphological differences between the cell lines, as well as differentiation into two sub-populations within each cell line. Caco-2 cells contained large glycogen deposits as well as showing the most obvious morphological changes between the two sub-populations. SW480 cells also contained large glycogen stores as well as deep cellular protrusions when grown on porous filter membranes. HT-29 cells had trace amounts of glycogen stores with few cellular projections into the filter pores and no tight junction ***: morphology indicative of metastatic properties coincided with larger glycogen deposits, providing strong evidence for the use of selective staining to determine the neoplastic properties of cells.

关键词： Cancer Colorectal Electron microscopy Glycogen Potassium ferrocyanide

Hydrogen peroxide mediates pro-inflammatory cell-to-cell signaling: a new therapeutic target for inflammation?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1430-1437页

作者： Dhanushka Gunawardena Ritesh Raju Gerald münch Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Western Sydney University

Nitric oxide is now universally recognized as an extracellular signaling molecule. Nitric oxide, produced in one cell, diffuses across the extracellular space and acts with targets in an adjoining cell. In this study, we present proof that hydrogen peroxide - like nitric oxide - acts as a true first (intercellular) messenger for a multitude of pro-inflammatory ligands. RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated with three different ligands, lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma or advanced glycation end products in the presence of increasing concentrations of (hydrogen peroxide scavenging) catalase. As inflammatory readouts, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor were determined. We hypothesize that hydrogen peroxide travels between cells propagating the signal, then a certain percentage of the readout should be inhibited by catalase in a concentration- dependent manner. The experiment showed concentration-dependent inhib让ion of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a production in response to all three ligands/ligand combinations (interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide, and chicken egg albumin-derived advanced glycation end product) in the presence of increasing concentration of catalase. For example, catalase inhibited 100% of nitric oxide and 40% of tumor necrosis factor-a production at its highest concentration. Our results suggest that hydrogen peroxide travels through cell membranes into the extracellular space and enters and activates ad;acent cells. Like rdtric oxide, we suggest that it is a ubiquitous first messenger, able to transmit cell-to-cell pro-inflammatory signals such as nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a. In a therapeutic setting, our data suggest that compounds acting as hydrogen peroxide scavengers might not even need to enter the cell to act as anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： Inflammation glycation redox signaling cytokines anti-inflammatory drugs hydrogen peroxide membrane permeable lipopolysaccharide Interferon-gamma signaling

Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses:Fundamental principle,current/future developments and applications

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2022年第24期119卷 131-149页

作者： H.R.Lashgari m.Ferry S.Li School of materials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

As an advanced manufacturing technique,the advent of additive manufacturing(Am) has opened a new horizon of alternative ways to tackle the challenge of fundamental limits for manufacturing bulk metallic glasses(BmGs).In particular,selective laser melting(SLm),direct metal deposition(DmD),electron beam melting(EBm),and laser foil printing(LFP) have been used for producing BmGs with dimensions larger than what is possible using conventional techniques such as melt-spinning,suction-casting,die-casting,*** this review,we analyzed the current status,issues,structural evolution,and key properties of BmGs based on these emerging Am *** aim is to outline a direction for the development of BmGs using Am technology,establishing a fundamental principle to optimize processing parameters for designing alloy compositions with the high glass-forming ability(GFA),and thermal stability against *** will provide the fundamental science underpinning the future development of Am technology in the fabrication of high-density,defect-free,and completely amorphous alloy components and devices.

关键词： Bulk metallic glass Additive manufacturing Thermal stability Alloying system Process parameters