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Effects of Eccentric Pre-loading on Concentric Vertical Jump Performance in Young Female Athletes

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 98-106页

作者： Zachary m.Gillen marni E.Shoemaker Nicholas A.Bohannon sydney m.gibson Joel T.Cramer Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University236 McCarthy GymnasiumStarkvilleMS 39762USA College of Health Sciences The University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA College of medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Department of Nutrition&Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA

Purpose This study examined changes in vertical jump performance with progressively greater eccentric pre-loading in relation to growth and development in young female *** Twenty young female athletes ranging from 9 to 17 years old performed the following vertical jumps in random order:static jumps(SJs),counter-movement jumps(CmJs),and drop jumps(DJs)from drop heights of 20,30,and 40 cm(DJ20,DJ30,and DJ40,respectively).measurements included peak force(PF),peak rate of force development(RFD),peak power(PP),eccentric impulse(ECC),and concentric impulse(CON).measurements of growth included age,maturity offset,height,body mass,fat-free mass,and thigh muscle cross-sectional area(CSA).Results PF increased from the SJ-DJ20(Pm DJ20-DJ40(P=1.000).RFD remained the same from SJ-CmJ(P=1.000),increased from CmJ-DJ20(Pm DJ20-DJ40(P=0.874).PP increased from the SJ-CmJ(Pm the CmJ-DJ40(P≥0.486).CON remained the same across all verti-cal jumps(P=1.000),while ECC increased from the SJ-DJ40(P≤0.038).Jump height(JH)increased from the SJ-CmJ(Pm CmJ-DJ20(Pm DJ20-DJ40(P=1.000).The change in PP from the SJ-CmJ(ΔCmJ-SJ)was related to all measurements of growth except CSA(r=0.558-0.815).Conclusion Young females produced greater power during the CmJ than SJ,but equivalent power from the CmJ-DJ40,despite increases in ***,ΔCmJ-SJ was not related to CSA,which suggests other underlying mechanisms affect stretch-shortening cycle utilization in young female athletes.

关键词： Stretch-shortening cycle Youth Ground reaction force Kinetics

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Leg Extension Strength, Explosive Strength, muscle Activation, and Growth as Predictors of Vertical Jump Performance in Youth Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 336-348页

作者： Zachary m.Gillen marni E.Shoemaker Brianna D.mcKay Nicholas A.Bohannon sydney m.gibson Joel T.Cramer Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln211 Ruth Leverton HallLincolnNE 68583USA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among leg extension strength,explosive strength,muscle activation,and measurements of growth to predictions of vertical jump performance in youth *** Height,body mass,skinfolds,and quadriceps femoris muscle cross-sectional area were measured in 39 sports active children(20 females,19 males,age=12.52±0.62 years old).Peak torque(PT),rate of torque development(RTD),rate of velocity development(RVD),and rate of electromyographic amplitude rise(RER)were measured during isometric and isokinetic leg ***,RTD,and RVD were expressed in absolute terms and normalized to body *** jump height(JH)and peak power(PP)were assessed during static(SJ),counter-movement(CmJ),and drop(DJ)*** JH exhibited greater correlations with PT normalized to body mass(r=0.387-0.758)than absolute PT(r=0.338-0.417),whereas PP exhibited greater correlations with absolute PT(r=0.368-0.837).Only negligible to moderate relation-ships existed between JH and PP across all jumps(r=0.053-0.605).Over 50%of the variability in PP was predicted in 24 of 30 regression models with absolute muscle strength,muscle activation,and measurements of growth,while only 6 of 30 models predicted more than 50%of the variability in *** Overall,absolute static and dynamic muscle strength,muscle activation,and growth better explained PP meas-ured during vertical jumps than estimated JH.

关键词： Children Adolescent Torque Jump height Power

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How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng gibson m.Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20%of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each *** after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treatments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d *** had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental ***,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning *** supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(Pmpared to CON *** HAY calves had a higher rumination time(Pminal pH(Pmpared to the CON *** correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P=0.01)and 196(P=0.02).The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(Dm),NDF and ether extract(EE),but lower digestibility of organic matter(Om,P=0.03),crude protein(CP,Pmpared to those of the CON calves at week ***,there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram Dm and nutrient *** conclusion,feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance thro

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

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Nutrient restriction-activated Fra-2 promotes tumor progression via IGF1R in miR-15a downmodulated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1132-1146页

作者： Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra marina Capece Luca Reggiani Bonetti Giovanni Nigita Federica Calore sydney Rentsch Paolo magistri Roberto Ballarin Fabrizio Di Benedetto Rosario Distefano Roberto Cirombella Andrea Vecchione Barbara Belletti Gustavo Baldassarre Francesca Lovat Carlo m.Croce Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbus 43210 OHUSA Department of Clinical and molecular medicine Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySant’Andrea HospitalUniversity of Rome“Sapienza”Rome 00189Italy Department of Diagnostic Clinic and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Division of molecular Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease,characterized by an intense desmoplastic reaction that compresses blood vessels and limits nutrient *** aggressiveness largely relies on its extraordinary capability to thrive and progress in a challenging tumor *** of the onco-suppressor miR-15a has been extensively documented in ***,we identified the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2(Fra-2)as a miR-15a target mediating the adaptive mechanism of PDAC to nutrient *** report that the IGF1 signaling pathway was enhanced in nutrient deprived PDAC cells and that Fra-2 and IGF1R were significantly overexpressed in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC ***,we discovered that miR-15a repressed IGF1R expression via Fra-2 *** miR-15a-low context,IGF1R hyperactivated mTOR,modulated the autophagic flux and sustained PDAC growth in nutrient *** a genetic mouse model,mir15aKO PDAC showed Fra-2 and Igf1r upregulation and mTOR activation in response to diet ***,nutrient restriction improved the efficacy of IGF1R inhibition in a Fra-2 dependent ***,our results point to a crucial role of Fra-2 in the cellular stress response due to nutrient restriction typical of pancreatic cancer and support IGF1R as a promising and vulnerable target in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC.

关键词： IGF1R Fra miR

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Extreme drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits in upper treeline of the mediterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第01期13卷 132-143页

作者： Luiz Santini Jr. Dylan Craven Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez manolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.Roig Ariel A.mu?oz Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEmA Center for Genomics Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor Data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-ment of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of mediterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynamics has been widely documented, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extreme climate episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The mediterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extremely dry year in 2019 with approximately 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endemic treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatomical(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the megadrought(2000–2007),(ii) megadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear mixed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extreme drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the megadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress may incre

关键词： Dendro-anatomy Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem vulnerability Drought Climate change

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Relational Networks

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外国语 2004年第2期27卷 2-14页

作者： sydney m.Lamb Rice University

语言信息是如何表征的,语言信息是如何在发话和理解中运用的,这两个相关问题是极其重要的语言学理论问题。语言信息的表征不应以能力和运用的剥离为基础,而应以能在语言过程中直接运用的形式为基础,这样的观点更为实际。语言信息一般表... 详细信息

语言信息是如何表征的,语言信息是如何在发话和理解中运用的,这两个相关问题是极其重要的语言学理论问题。语言信息的表征不应以能力和运用的剥离为基础,而应以能在语言过程中直接运用的形式为基础,这样的观点更为实际。语言信息一般表征为符号形式,但是如此表征难以表述发话和理解过程。另一种做法是采用关系网络,即采用连通主义模式。在连通主义模式中,语言信息表征于巨型多层网络的连接关系之中。语言的操作就是连通网络关系线和关系符的激活延伸过程。关系网络形式允许我们实际表述各种被忽略的语言信息,该形式还和已知大脑信息一致。

关键词：连通主义语言信息语言学理论神经网络

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Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of matter

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Journal of modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： R. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon R. del Gaudio m. Abu Safa A. R. Sumanarathna E. Ansbro D. Duvall G. Bianciardi C. H. gibson R. Schild Astrobiology Research Center California USA Department of Astronomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Laboratory University of Burgundy Dijon France Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Department of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Department of Research and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Exploration Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Department of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Department of Science and medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “Plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

关键词： Extraterrestrials Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extremophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Origins of Life RNA World

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Chemical forms and extractability of iron in sediments of three contrasting lakes of China and UK

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第06期15卷 728-733页

作者： gibson C.E.,Stewart B.m. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen's University Belfast Shenyang 110016 China Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active" iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L mgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.

关键词： iron chemical form extractability lake sediment eutrophication

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mdm proteins： critical regulators of embryogenesis and hornoeostasis

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Journal of molecular Cell Biology 2017年第1期9卷 16-25页

作者： sydney m. moyer Connie A. Larsson Guillermina Lozano Department of Genetics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

mdm2 and mdm4 are negative regulators of the tumour suppressor p53; hence, this relationship is the focus of many cancerrelated studies. A multitude of experiments across various developmental stages have been conducted to explore the tissuespecific roles of these proteins in the mouse. When mdm2 or mdm4 are deleted in the germiine or specific tissues, they display different phenotypic defects, some of which lead to embryonic lethaLity. mdm2 loss is often more deleterious than toss of its homotogue mdm4. ALL tissues experience activation of p53 target genes upon toss of mdm2 or mdm4; however, the degree to which the p53 pathway is perturbed is highly tissue-specific and does not correlate to the severity of the morphological pheno- types. Therefore, a need for further understanding of how these proteins regulate p53 activity is warranted, as therapeutic targeting of the p53 pathway is rapidly evoLving and gaining attention in the field of cancer research. In this review, we discuss the tissue-specificity of mdm proteins in regulating p53 and expose the need for investigation at the celt-specific level.

关键词： mdm2 mdm4 mdmX development embryogenesis tissue-specific p53

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millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential *** nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation *** are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

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