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Glucose and Insulin Levels are Increased in Obese and Overweight Mothers’ Breast-Milk

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 201-206页

作者： Suman Ahuja Mallory Boylan sybil L. Hart Carmen Román-Shriver Julian E. Spallholz Barbara C. Pence Barbara G. Sawyer 不详

Objective: To analyze the relationships between mothers’ pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and levels of glucose and insulin in breast-milk. Methods: Participants were 32 breast-feeding mothers who were assigned to either normal weight (group 1: n = 21, BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (group 2: n = 11, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) based on their pre-pregnancy BMI. Breast-milk samples were collected at six weeks postpartum. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in the breast-milk samples. To control for any extreme dietary influences on breast-milk glucose concentrations, mothers completed 24-hour food recalls. Results: Mean milk-glucose values of groups 1 and 2 were 32.6 ± 21.8 mg/dL and 51.9 ± 20.5 mg/dL respectively. Milk-borne insulin values were 4.5 ± 7.6 μIU/mL and 30.1 ± 56.3 μ IU/mL, respectively. Independent-samples t tests found that glucose levels of group 2 were greater than those of group 1, t(30) = 2.43, p = 0.02;and milk-borne insulin was greater in group 2 than in group 1, t(30) = 2.075, p = 0.05. Mothers’ pre-pregnancy BMI was found correlated with both breast-milk glucose (r = 0.483, p = 0.005) and insulin (r = 0.565, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that in comparison with normal weight mothers, over-weight/ obese mothers have higher concentrations of glucose and insulin in their breast-milk. Further studies are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms, and possible consequences of infant exposure to higher levels of glucose and insulin in breast-milk.

关键词： Breast-Milk Glucose Insulin Obesity

采用RAPD和简单序列重复标记描述智利葡萄品种间的遗传变异特性

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国外作物育种 2003年第2期22卷 61-62页

作者： R.herrera 向平

Stability Analysis of a Neurocontroller with Kalman Estimator for the Inverted Pendulum Case

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第11期8卷 1602-1618页

作者： Julián Antonio Pucheta Cristian Rodríguez Rivero Carlos Alberto Salas Martín herrera Sergio Oscar Laboret Departamentos de Electrotecnia y de Electrónica Laboratorio de Investigación Matemática Aplicada a Control (LIMAC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica Facultad de Tecnología y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad Nacional de Catamarca Catamarca Argentina

In this paper, a practical analysis of stability by simulation for the effect of incorporating a Kalman estimator in the control loop of the inverted pendulum with a neurocontroller is presented. The neurocontroller is calculated by approximate optimal control, without considering the Kalman estimator in the loop following the Theorem of the separation. The results are compared with a time-varying linear controller, which in noiseless conditions in the state or in the measurement has an acceptable performance, but when it is under noise conditions its operation closes into a state space range more limited than the one proposed here.

关键词： Optimal Control Neurocontroller Inverted Pendulum State Estimation Stability

Individual Aerosol Particles Emitted in the Ceramic-Tile Industry in Chihuahua, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第11期1卷 1248-1259页

作者： Baiter Trujillo-Navarrete Francisco Paraguay-Delgado Alfredo Campos-Truj illo LuisaQuifiones-Montenegr Carmen Navarro Eduardo herrera-Peraza Department of Environment and Energy Centro de Investigaciones de Materiales Avanzados S.C. Chihuahua 31109 M~xieo Department of Nanostructured Materials Centro de Investigaciones de Materiales Avanzados S.C. Chihuahua 31109 M~xico

The contribution of anthropogenic mineral aerosol dust has been of interest to understand the impact of dust aerosols on climate, and the health of workers occupational exposure. Several studies have been investigated the physical and chemical properties mainly in particulate matter. However, the characterizations have not extended diameters below to 1.0 μm. In this study, it described chemical composition and shape measurements of individual aerosol particles with 50% cut-off diameters less than 1.1 μm emitted at ceramic-tile manufacturing. Four emission sites of process were selected, and their samples were collected using a cascade-impactor, investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and digital image processing, where the data were analysed applying a combination of principal component and cluster analysis. Particles of tectosilicate （quartz, zeolite）, phyllosilicate （illite, montmorillonite）, and inosilicate （calcium silicate） were founded in all sampling sites; also, silicates mixed with transition metals oxides used as pigments （e.g., Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Zn and Mo）. Silicates were granulated and flat crystals with a transparent, translucent appearance; otherwise, the mixture had flake shapes and opaque appearance. Analyses of multivariate data showed that the process stages emissions were related with specific composition and shape suggesting the use three measurements related （1） the internal axis, （2） roundness and （3） roughness to isolate particles shapes, and the presence of transition metals oxides as emissions tracer of the ceramic industry.

关键词： Anthropogenic source tile-ceramic mineral aerosol dust individual aerosol particle shape measures.

Arboreal/Arbustive Component Associated to Livestock Systems in San Vicente del Caguán Municipality, Caquetá—Colombia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 3162-3173页

作者： Ricardo Alberto Martínez Tovar Laura Constanza Rojas Basto Pablo Andrés Motta Delgado Wilmer herrera Valencia Misión Verde Amazonía Corporation Florencia Colombia

Livestock is the most important economic activity in San Vicente del Caguán municipality, Caquetá department (located in Colombian Amazon region). Indeed, livestock activities have a big responsibility of Colombian Amazon forest deforestation for extensive grazing lands formation, causing soil degradation processes. However, recently some cattle ranchers have changed their thoughts to a sustainable production, applying different ecological strategies. So, application of silvopastoral systems, which is a very important mode of agroforestry, consists that in the same area and time, it can interact in the ecosystem stratums different species among grasses, shrubs, and trees. On this way, the objective of this study is to determine descriptively the arboreal/arbustive component associated to livestock systems, represented according to its uses in San Vicente del Caguán, Colombia. It was made through a direct survey to 13 smallholders in this municipality. As a result, mainly, we found 58 plant species (49 arboreal and nine arbustive, corresponding to 84.48% and 15.52%, respectively). Of these, 20 species had more than one use at a time. In fact, the shade was the use most common with 29 species, corresponding to 34.94% of total species (25 arboreal and just four arbustive, corresponding to 30.12% and 4.82%, respectively). On this way, according to smallholders surveyed, we can conclude that shade provided by trees integration in silvopastoral systems is for diminishing heat stress on cattle caused by enduring climate change of tropical, thus contributing to good welfare for animals.

关键词： Amazonia Agroforestry Deforestation Shade Trees Silvopastoral Systems

Corallomycetella属及以C. jatrophae为模式建立新属Corallonectria(丛赤壳科,肉座菌目)(英文)

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菌物学报 2013年第3期32卷 518-544页

作者： C.S.herrera A.Y.ROSSMAN G.J.SAMUELS Christian LECHAT P.CHAVERRI Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceB-010A10300 BeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA Ascofrance 64 route de ChizéF-79360 Villiers en BoisFrance

对Corallomycetella属的概念进行了阐述,该属包括子实体为红色、在自然和培养条件下产生菌索的丛赤壳类真菌。根据对近期采集的标本的观察和多基因系统树分析的结果,广义的Corallomycetella repens形成2个分支,它们与生物地理因素相关... 详细信息

对Corallomycetella属的概念进行了阐述,该属包括子实体为红色、在自然和培养条件下产生菌索的丛赤壳类真菌。根据对近期采集的标本的观察和多基因系统树分析的结果,广义的Corallomycetella repens形成2个分支,它们与生物地理因素相关联。狭义的Corallomycetella repens限于来自亚洲的标本,而***来自非洲和美洲。Corallomycetella属成熟的子囊孢子表面具有纤细条纹,此特征过去曾被忽略,***与广义的Neonectria属关系接近,而与***和***关系较远;因而建立新属Corallonectria,其子囊壳表面细粉状,无性型为束丝结构并与镰孢菌相似。

关键词：生物地理学真菌系统学丛赤壳属植物病原菌

Photo timeline of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis,Colombia

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 63-65页

作者： Alvaro A.Faccini-Martínez Abraham Katime Zuniga Beatriz Elena Orozco Sebá María-Joséherrera-Bedoya Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud–FUCS Research InstituteBogotáColombia Servicios y Asesorías en Infectología–SAI BogotáColombia Hospital Militar Central Servicio de InfectologíaBogotáColombia Universidad del Magdalena School of MedicineSanta MartaMagdalenaColombia Universidad del Norte School of MedicineBarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Fundación Hospital Universidad del Norte Department of DermatologySoledadAtlánticoColombia Fundación Hospital Universidad del Norte Department of PathologySoledadAtlánticoColombia

Dear Editor,New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by infection with protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania;most of them included in the subgenus Viannia,which are transmitted by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies[1].In Colombia *** and *** are the most frequent species associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis[2].The spectrum of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis includes single or multiple,localized,cutaneous ulcers;diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis;disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis;and mucosal leishmaniasis[3].

关键词： leishmaniasis cutaneous infection

Environmental Justice through Community-Policy Participatory Partnerships

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第8期14卷 616-636页

作者： Phillip A. Boda Federica Fusi Fabio Miranda Gordon J. M. Palmer Joel Flax-Hatch Michael Siciliano Apostolis Sambanis Linda Johnson sybil Derrible Michael Cailas College of Education University of Illinois Chicago Chicago USA College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs University of Illinois Chicago Chicago USA College of Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago USA College of Public Health University of Illinois Chicago Chicago USA

Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.

关键词： Environmental Justice Visualizations Community-Based Research

Greenhouses Gases, Carbonyls, and Volatile Organic Compounds Surface Flux Emissions at Three Final Waste Disposal Sites Located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2017年第4期6卷 149-164页

作者： Jorge herrera Murillo José Félix Rojas Marín Víctor Hugo Beita Guerrero José Chinchilla Salazar Environmental Analysis Laboratory Environmental Sciences School National University Heredia Costa Rica

The surface flux emissions for volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) (alcohols and aromatic species), priority carbonyls and greenhouse gases, were measured in three different final disposal sites for urban solid waste located in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, between July and October 2014. The emissions fluxes were determined using the static sampling chamber technique coupled to two different adsorption tubes: active charcoal (Supelco, ORBO 32) to capture BTEX and alcohols;and 2,4-DNPH coated silica gel (SKC, 226-119) for carbonyls. As for the VOCs, the BTEX, Alcohols, and Carbonyls total fluxes were in the range of 3 to 258, 1 to 318 and 0.4 to 8.5 mg/(m2día), respectively. The magnitudes per site were in the following order La Carpio > El Huaso > Rio Azul. Ethanol and BTEX presented a high correlation in all the cases because possibly they are sharing the same sources or formation mechanisms. The emission fluxes spatial distributions among the sites were very variable and dependent on the location of the active cells and their age. Only La Carpio showed a more homogeneous distribution due to its middle age.

关键词： GHG Volatile Organic Compounds Costa Rica Landfills Surface Emission Fluxes