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Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the management of heart failure:Veni,Vidi,and Vici

World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第10期16卷 550-563页

作者： Monika Bhandari Akshyaya pradhan Pravesh Vishwakarma Abhishek Singh Rishi Sethi Department of Cardiology King Georg’s Medical UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia

Heart failure(HF)is a chronic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality ***-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers(including angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors),beta-blockers,and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers remain the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).However,despite the use of guideline-directed medical therapy,the mortality from HFrEF remains *** with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)comprises approximately half of the total incident HF cases;however,unlike HFrEF,there are no proven therapies for this *** glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2is)represent a new class of pharmacological agents approved for diabetes mellitus(DM)that inhibit SGLT-2 receptors in the kidney.A serendipitous finding from seminal trials of SGLT-2is in DM was the significant improvement in renal and cardiovascular(CV)*** importantly,the improvement in HF hospitalization(HHF)in the CV outcomes trials of SGLT-2is was *** mechanisms have been proposed for the pleiotropic effects of SGLT-2is beyond their glycemic ***,as patients with HF were not included in any of these trials,it can be considered as a primary ***,two landmark studies of SGLT-2is in patients with HFrEF,namely,an empagliflozin outcome trial in patients with chronic HF and a reduced ejection fraction(EMPEROR-Reduced)and dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in HF(DAPA-HF),demonstrated significant improvement in HHF and CV mortality regardless of the presence of *** impressive results pitchforked these drugs as class I indications in patients with HFrEF across major ***,empagliflozin outcome trial in patients with chronic HF with preserved ejection fraction(EMPEROR-Preserved)and dapagliflozin evaluation to improve the lives of patients with preserved ejection fraction HF(DELIVER)trials successively confirmed that SGLT-2is also benefit patients w

关键词： Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Gliflozins Diuresis natriuresis n terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide Heart failure hospitalization

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Accelerating dark energy models with anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type Ⅵ_0 space-time

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第2期13卷 139-158页

作者： Anirudh pradhan Department of Mathematics Hindu Post-graduate College

Motivated by the increasing evidence for the need of a geometry that re- sembles Bianchi morphology to explain the observed anisotropy in the WMAP data, we have discussed some features of Bianchi type VI0 universes in the presence of a fluid that has an anisotropic equation of state （EoS） parameter in general relativity. We present two accelerating dark energy （DE） models with an anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type VI0 space-time. To ensure a deterministic solution, we choose the scale factor a（t） = √tnet, which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter, representing a class of models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. Under suitable conditions, the anisotropic mod- els approach an isotropic scenario. The EoS for DE co is found to be time-dependent and its existing range for derived models is in good agreement with data from recent observations of type Ia supernovae （Sne Ia）（Knop et al. 2003）, Sne Ia data com- bined with cosmic microwave background （CMB） anisotropy and galaxy clustering statistics （Tegmark et al. 2004a）, as well as the latest combination of cosmological datasets coming from CMB anisotropies, luminosity distances of high redshift Sne Ia and galaxy clustering. For different values of n, we can generate a class of physically viable DE models. The cosmological constant A is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time （i.e. the present epoch）, which is corroborated by results from recent Sn Ia observations. We also ob- serve that our solutions are stable. The physical and geometric aspects of both models are also discussed in detail.

关键词： cosmological models -- dark energy -- variable EoS parameter

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Bianchi Type-Ⅲ String Cosmological Models with Time Dependent Bulk Viscosity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第2期24卷 585-588页

作者： BALI Raj pradhan Anirudh Department of Mathematics University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302 004 India Department'of Mathematics Hindu Post-Graduate College Zamania-232 331 Ghazipur India

Bianchi type-Ⅲ string cosmological models with bulk viscous fluid for massive string are investigated. To obtain the determinate model of the universe, we assume that the coeffcient of bulk viscosity ξ is inversely proportional to the expansion θ in the model and expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear g. This leads to B =lC^n, where l and n are constants. Behaviour of the model in the presence and absence of bulk viscosity is discussed. The physical implications of the models are also discussed in detail.

关键词： Cosmological Dependent

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Prediction of spatial soil loss impacted by long-term land-use/land-cover change in a tropical watershed

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 389-403页

作者： J.H.Abdulkareem B.pradhan W.n.A.Sulaiman n.R.Jamil Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Department of Soil Science Institute for Agricultural Research/Faculty of AgricultureAhmadu Bello University Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGeospatial Information Science Research Center (GISRC)Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Centre for Advanced Modeling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS) Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology Sydney Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Choongmu-gwanSejong University

The devastating effect of soil erosion is one of the major sources of land degradation that affects human lives in many ways which occur mainly due to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, overgrazing,wildfire and urbanization. Soil erosion often leads to soil truncation, loss of fertility, slope instability, *** causes irreversible effects on the poorly renewable soil resource. In view of this, a study was conducted in Kelantan River basin to predict soil loss as influenced by long-term land use/land-cover(LULC) changes in the area. The study was conducted with the aim of predicting and assessing soil erosion as it is influenced by long-term LULC changes. The 13,100 km^2 watershed was delineated into four sub-catchments Galas, Pergau, Lebir and nenggiri for precise result estimation and ease of execution. GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) model was used to predict soil loss in this study. The model inputs used for the temporal and spatial calculation of soil erosion include rainfall erosivity factor,topographic factor, land cover and management factor as well as erodibility factor. The results showed that 67.54% of soil loss is located under low erosion potential(reversible soil loss) or 0-1 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) soil loss in Galas, 59.17% in Pergau, 53.32% in Lebir and 56.76% in nenggiri all under the 2013 LULC *** from the correlation of soil erosion rates with LULC changes indicated that cleared land in all the four catchments and under all LULC conditions(1984-2013) appears to be the dominant with the highest erosion losses. Similarly, grassland and forest were also observed to regulate erosion rates in the area. This is because the vegetation cover provided by these LULC types protects the soil from direct impact of rain drops which invariably reduce soil loss to the barest minimum. Overall, it was concluded that the results have shown the significance of LULC in the control of erosion. Maps generated from the study may be usef

关键词： Soil erosion USLE Landuse/cover changes GIS Malaysia

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Structural and Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Modified Hummers’Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2016年第6期52卷 175-185页

作者： n.Selvakumar Uday pradhan S.B.Krupanidhi Harish C.Barshilia nanomaterials Research Lab Surface Engineering DivisionCSIR-National Aerospace LaboratoriesBangalore-560017India Materials Research Center Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore-560012India

Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Hummers’*** interlayer spacings of graphite,graphite oxide and graphene oxide were measured using X-ray diffraction *** C/O atomic ratios of graphite oxide and graphene oxide were calculated from XPS *** transformation of graphite to graphite oxide and finally to graphene oxide was clearly observed from the micro-Raman spectroscopy data and was confirmed from the FESEM ***-VIS-nIR spectrophotometer was used to study the absorbance of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide ***,the chemically reduced graphene oxide was heat-treated in air to obtain chemically modified graphene.

关键词： Graphene oxide Graphite,modified Hummers’method thermal annealing optical properties

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Low noise wide bandgap SiC based IMPATT diodes at sub-millimeter wave frequencies and at high temperature

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第3期35卷 50-55页

作者： J.pradhan S.R.Pattanaik S.K.Swain G.n.Dash School of Physics Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar Burla Sambalpur Odisha 767019 India Apex Institute of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha 752101 India

We have presented a comparative account of the high frequency prospective as well as noise behaviors of wide-bandgap 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC based on different structures of IMPATT diodes at sub-millimeter-wave frequencies up to 2.18 THz. The computer simulation study establishes the feasibility of the SiC based IMPATT diode as a high power density terahertz source. The most significant feature lies in the noise behavior of the SiC IMPATT diodes. It is noticed that the 6H-SiC DDR diode shows the least noise measure of 26.1 dB as compared to that of other structures. Further, it is noticed that the noise measure of the SiC IMPATT diode is less at a higher operating frequency compared to that at a lower operating frequency.

关键词： IMPATT silicon carbide terahertz(THz) science

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A sensitivity analysis of millimeter wave characteristics of SiC IMPATT diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第6期38卷 58-65页

作者： S K Swain J pradhan G n Dash S R Pattanaik School of Physics Sambalpur University Sambalpur Odisha 767019 India College of Engineering Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India national Institute of Science and Technology Berhampur Odisha 761008 India

Ionization rate coefficients and saturation drift velocities for electrons and holes are the vital material parameters in determining the performance of an IMPATT *** have performed a sensitivity analysis of the millimeter wave characteristics of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC IMPATT diodes with reference to the above mentioned material data and an operating frequency of 220 *** effect of a small variation in the ionization rate and drift velocity on the device characteristics like break down voltage,efficiency,noise measure and power output has been presented here.

关键词： IMPATT SiC ionization rate saturation drift velocity, millimeter wave

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River Rafting in Mountainous Regions of Uttarakhand:Impacts,Suggested Mitigation Measures and Sustainability

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 511-522页

作者： Parth Sarathi MAHAPATRA Rajiv PAnDEY Sonali pradhan Forest Research Institute DehradunUttarakhandIndia CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia HnBG University SrinagarUttarakhandIndia Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.

关键词： Eco-tourism The Ganges Impactranking Traditional community

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Potentials of GaP as millimeter wave IMPATT diode with reference to Si,GaAs and Gan

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红外与毫米波学报 2019年第4期38卷 395-402页

作者： Janmejaya pradhan S K Swain S R Pattnaik G n Dash College of Engineering Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Odisha 752024 India national Institute of Science and Technology Berhampur Odisha 761008 India School of Physics Sambalpur University Sambalpur Odisha 768019 India

This paper presents the simulation results of DC,small-signal and noise properties of GaP based Double Drift Region( DDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time( IMPATT) diodes. In simulation study we have considered the flat DDR structures of IMPATT diode based on GaP,GaAs,Si and Gan( wurtzite,wz) material. The diodes are designed to operate at the millimeter window frequencies of 94 GHz and 220 GHz. The simulation results of these diodes reveal GaP is a promising material for IMPATT applications based on DDR structure with high break down voltage( V_B) as compared to Si and GaAs IMPATTs. It is also encouraging to worth note GaP base IMPATT diode shows a better output power density of 4. 9 × 10~9 W/m^2 as compared to Si and GaAs based IMPATT diode. But IMPATT diode based on Gan( wz) displays large values of break down voltage,efficiency and power density as compared to Si,GaAs and GaP IMPATTs.

关键词： lmpact avalanche transit time(IMPATT) GaP Gan microwave and millimetre wave

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Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 384-392页

作者： Pengcheng Wang Komal pradhan Xiao-bo Zhong Xiaochao Ma Center for Pharmacogenetics Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Pittsburgh Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut

Isoniazid(InH) is highly effective for the management of ***,it can cause liver injury and even liver *** metabolism has been thought to be associated with InH-induced liver *** review summarized the metabolic pathway... 详细信息

关键词： Isoniazid Metabolism Hepatotoxicity Anti-tuberculosis n-Acetyltransferase 2 Amidase

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