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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-Lucia Peter Schall christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot Markus Fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and climate Research centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.Results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.***.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.***.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.***.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.***.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.***.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services Forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies Forest productivity

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A review of current understanding in tribochemical reactions involving lubricant additives

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Friction 2023年第4期11卷 489-512页

作者： Yan cHEN Peter renner Hong LIANG Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA J.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA

Lubricants have played important roles in friction and wear reduction and increasing efficiency of mechanical systems.To optimize tribological performance,chemical reactions between a lubricant and a substrate must be designed strategically.Tribochemical reactions are chemical reactions enabled or accelerated by mechanical stimuli.Tribochemically activated lubricant additives play important roles in these reactions.In this review,current understanding in mechanisms of chemical reactions under shear has been discussed.Additives such as oil-soluble organics,ionic liquids(ILs),and nanoparticles(NPs)were analyzed in relation to the tribochemical reaction routes with elements in metallic substrates.The results indicated that phosphorus,sulfur,fluorine,and nitrogen are key elements for tribochemical reactions.The resulting tribofilms from zinc dithiophosphates(ZDDP)and molybdenum dithiocarbamate(MoDTc)have been widely reported,yet that from ILs and NPs need to investigate further.This review serves as a reference for researchers to design and optimize new lubricants.

关键词： lubricant additives tribochemical reactions oil-soluble organics ionic liquids(ILs) nanoparticles(NPs)

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New calculations indicate that 90% of flowering plant species are animal-pollinated

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 17-19页

作者： Ze-Yu Tong Ling-Yun Wu Hui-Hui Feng Meng Zhang W.Scott Armbruster Susanne S.renner Shuang-Quan Huang Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University School of Biological Sciences University of Portsmouth Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Biology Washington University

The services of animal pollinators that deliver compatible pollen to receptive stigmas are essential for the reproduction of many flowering plants [1,2].The maintenance of plant-pollinator interactions,therefore,is the basis for the function and sustainability of healthy ecosystems.For this reason, there has been widespread concern over the past two decades about the global decline in pollinators and the effects of this loss on pollination services for both wild plants and crops [3,4].

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challenges of x-ray spectroscopy in investigations of matter under extreme conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第2期4卷 1-23页

作者： O.renner F.B.Rosmej Institute of Physics and ELI-Beamlines Project Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicNa Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic Sorbonne University Faculty of Science and EngineeringUMR7605Case 1284 Place JussieuF-75252 Paris Cedex 05France LULI EcolePolytechniqueCEACNRSPhysique Atomiquedans les PlasmasDensesPAPDRoute de SaclayF-91128PalaiseauFrance

Advanced X-ray spectroscopic methods provide unique and critical data to study matter under extreme environmental conditions induced by high-intensity and high-energy lasers.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a contemporary discussion of the role of X-ray spectroscopy in the investigation of radiative properties of strongly coupled,highly correlated,and frequently weakly emissive plasma systems formed in matter irradiated by sub-petawatt and petawatt class lasers.After reviewing the properties of different X-ray crystal spectrometers,high-resolution X-ray diagnostic methods are surveyed with respect to their potential to study plasmainduced and externally induced radiation fields,suprathermal electrons,and strong electromagnetic field effects.Atomic physics in dense plasmas is reviewed with emphasis on non-Maxwellian non-LTE atomic kinetics,quasi-stationary and highly-transient conditions,hollow ion X-ray emission,and field-perturbed atoms and ions.Finally,we discuss the role of X-ray free electron lasers with respect to supplementary investigations of matter under extreme conditions via the use of controlled high-intensity radiation fields.

关键词： extreme spectroscopy transient

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面向对象、泛型程序设计与类型约束检查

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计算机学报 2004年第11期27卷 1492-1504页

作者：孙斌北京大学信息科学技术学院计算语言研究所北京100871

该文对面向对象和泛型程序设计 (genericprogramming)的核心思想和方法进行了较为深入的分析 ,阐明了各自的目标、技术特征及其优缺点所在 ,介绍了泛型程序设计针对对象技术的不足所引进的重大革新 ,即通过类型需求抽象来设计通用、高... 详细信息

该文对面向对象和泛型程序设计 (genericprogramming)的核心思想和方法进行了较为深入的分析 ,阐明了各自的目标、技术特征及其优缺点所在 ,介绍了泛型程序设计针对对象技术的不足所引进的重大革新 ,即通过类型需求抽象来设计通用、高效的数据结构和算法 ;着重论述了作者在进一步增强泛型程序设计实际运用方面所提出的改进工作 ,以c ++语言的一个泛型编程扩充语言c 为实施例 ,详细说明了如何通过一种叫做“命名类型约束”的新的机制来比较完整地实现静态类型需求的直接语言支持和编译检查 ,为当前泛型程序设计模型的首例编程语言实例 .

关键词：面向对象泛型程序设计需求检查类型约束程序设计

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Liver transplantation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15532-15538页

作者： Petros Zezos Eberhard L renner Liver Transplant Program/Multi-Organ Transplant Program University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital University of Toronto

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an important health problem worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from bland liver steatosis to severe steatohepatitis(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) with the potential of progressing to cirrhosis and its associated morbidity and mortality. NAFLD is thought to be the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance(or the metabolic syndrome); its prevalence is increasing worldwide in parallel with the obesity epidemic. In many developed countries, NAFLD is the most common cause of liver disease and NASH related cirrhosis is currently the third most common indication for liver transplantation. NASH related cirrhosis is anticipated to become the leading indication for liver transplantation within the next one or two decades. In this review, we discuss how liver transplantation is affected by NAFLD, specifically the following:(1) the increasing need for liver transplantation due to NASH;(2) the impact of the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in the general population on the quality of deceased and live donor livers available for transplantation;(3) the long term graft and patient outcomes after liver transplantation forNASH,and finally;and(4)the de novo occurrence of NAFLD/NASH after liver transplantation and its impact on graft and patient outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liv-er d

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Recurrence of autoimmune liver diseases after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第29期7卷 2896-2905页

作者： Nabiha Faisal Eberhard L renner Liver Transplant Program/Multiorgan Transplant Program University Health Network/Toronto General HospitalUniversity of Toronto

Liver transplantation(LT) is the most effective treatment modality for end stage liver disease caused by many etiologies including autoimmune processes. That said, the need for transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis(PBc), but not for primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSc), has decreased over the years due to the availability of effective medical treatment. Autoimmune liver diseases have superior transplant outcomes than those of other etiologies. While AIH and PBc can recur after LT, recurrence is of limited clinical significance in most, but not all cases. Recurrent PSc, however, often progresses over years to a stage requiring re-transplantation. The exact incidence and the predisposing factors of disease recurrence remain debated. Better understanding of the pathogenesis and the risk factors of recurrent autoimmune liver diseases is required to develop preventive measures. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of incidence, diagnosis, risk factors, clinical course, and treatment of recurrent autoimmune liver disease(AIH, PBc, PSc) following LT.

关键词： Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis Recurrentprimary biliary cirrhosis Recurrent primary sclerosingcholangitis Liver transplantation Immunosuppression Risk factors Outcomes Autoimmune liver diseases

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高分子链中自发形成的拓扑纽结大小

高分子链中自发形成的拓扑纽结大小

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2015年全国高分子学术论文报告会

作者：代亮 c.Benjamin renner Patrick S.Doyle 新加坡与麻省理工学院联合研究中心麻省理工学院化工系

溶液中线性高分子链的无规则热运动会导致纽结的形成,就像生活中耳机线打结一样。实验上,在DNA链和蛋白质结构中也观察到纽结的存在。这些纽结的存在,会影响生物功能和流变力学性质。我们的研究主要是定量分析无规则热运动下,这些纽结... 详细信息

溶液中线性高分子链的无规则热运动会导致纽结的形成,就像生活中耳机线打结一样。实验上,在DNA链和蛋白质结构中也观察到纽结的存在。这些纽结的存在,会影响生物功能和流变力学性质。我们的研究主要是定量分析无规则热运动下,这些纽结形成的概率,以及这些纽结的大小。我们发现纽结大小呈单峰分布,形成某个特定大小的纽结概率最高。或者说,在某个亚稳态纽结大小下,高分子链有一个自由能局域极小值。与直觉不同的是,这个亚稳态（最概然）纽结非常的紧致,其回转半径约等于半柔性链的持久长度,其线长约等于12倍的持久长度。这个与Grosberg和Rabin预言吻合。Grosberg-Rabin理论中没有考虑到体积排斥作用的影响。我们修正了Grosberg-Rabin理论,计算了在不同体积排斥作用下的亚稳态纽结大小,与蒙特卡洛模拟结果吻合。实验上,经常使用λ-DNA来研究单个高分子链的行为,以及纽结的性质。我们的计算预测出λ-DNA上亚稳态纽结的大小,在常用的盐浓度区间内,约为600到1800纳米。

关键词：高分子链拓扑结构蒙特卡洛模拟

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Five common Gaffes

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英语沙龙(锋尚版) 2011年第4期 14-15页

作者： Martin renner

Martin renner,从事雅思教学和研究多年,深谙中西方文化异同,用跨文化的视角,深入浅出地分析各种常见口语错误的成因及解决方案。本期,作者将继续为您指出中国考生在雅思口语考试中最常见的口语错误,愿借此让读者学习到大量实用地道的... 详细信息

Martin renner,从事雅思教学和研究多年,深谙中西方文化异同,用跨文化的视角,深入浅出地分析各种常见口语错误的成因及解决方案。本期,作者将继续为您指出中国考生在雅思口语考试中最常见的口语错误,愿借此让读者学习到大量实用地道的英语表达。

关键词：口语错误 Five common Gaffes

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Five common Gaffes

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英语沙龙（高中） 2011年第4期 14-15页

作者： Martin renner

Martin renner，从事雅思教学和研究多年，深谙中西方文化异同，用跨文化的视角，深入浅出地分析各种常见口语错误的成因及解决方案。本期，作者将继续为您指出中国考生在雅思口语考试中最常见的口语错误，愿借此让读者学习到大量实用... 详细信息

Martin renner，从事雅思教学和研究多年，深谙中西方文化异同，用跨文化的视角，深入浅出地分析各种常见口语错误的成因及解决方案。本期，作者将继续为您指出中国考生在雅思口语考试中最常见的口语错误，愿借此让读者学习到大量实用地道的英语表达。

关键词：英语译文翻译方法阅读材料

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