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ESR2–HDA6 complex negatively regulates auxin biosynthesis to delay callus initiation in Arabidopsis leaf explants during tissue culture

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 200-214页

作者： Kyounghee Lee Hobin Yoon Ok-Sun Park Jongbu lim Sang-Gyu Kim Pil Joon Seo Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Research Institute of Basic Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Biological Sciences KAISTDaejeon 34141Korea

Plants exhibit an astonishing ability to regulate organ regeneration upon *** of leaf explants promotes the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),which is polar-transported to excised regions,where cell fate transition leads to root founder cell specification to induce de novo root *** regeneration capacity of plants has been utilized to develop in vitro tissue culture ***,we report that IAA accumulation near the wounded site of leaf explants is essential for callus formation on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)-rich callus-inducing medium(CIM).Notably,a high concentration of 2,4-D does not compensate for the action of IAA because of its limited efflux;rather,it lowers IAA biosynthesis via a negative feedback mechanism at an early stage of in vitro tissue culture,delaying callus *** auxin negative feedback loop in CIM-cultured leaf explants is mediated by an auxin-inducible APETALA2 transcription factor,ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2(ESR2),along with its interacting partner HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6(HDA6).The ESR2–HDA6 complex binds directly to,and removes the H3ac mark from,the YUCCA1(YUC1),YUC7,and YUC9 loci,consequently repressing auxin biosynthesis and inhibiting cell fate transition on 2,4-D-rich *** findings indicate that negative feedback regulation of auxin biosynthesis by ESR2 and HDA6 interferes with proper cell fate transition and callus initiation.

关键词： auxin biosynthesis negative feedback loop ESR2 HDA6 YUCCA chromatin modification

Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy lim Suraj Kumar Sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

Immediate secondary rhinoplasty using a folded dermofat graft for resolving complications related to silicone implants: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2426-2430页

作者： Hoon Kim Jong Hyup Kim In Chang Koh Soo Yeon lim Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Konyang University HospitalUniversity of Konyang College of MedicineMyunggok Medical Research InstituteDaejeon 35365South Korea

BACKGROUND Various surgical techniques have been developed to enhance the nose shapes of Asian *** implant augmentation rhinoplasty is widely used because it is relatively easy to perform and often yields satisfactory ***,this technique may lead to complications,including ischemia,necrosis,and *** most appropriate management of these complications,including infection,is immediate implant removal and revision surgery once the accompanying inflammation has ***,the patient may experience distress from nasal deformities during the intervention *** SUMMARY Herein,we describe the case of a patient who underwent a secondary dorsal augmentation,with a folded dermofat graft harvested from the inguinal area and simultaneous implant removal,successfully preventing dimpling of the nasal *** This surgical method can effectively manage implant-related complications following augmentation rhinoplasty using a silicone implant and provide satis-factory patient outcomes.

关键词： Complications Nose deformities Acquired Rhinoplasty Dermofat Surgery Plastic Case report

Guest Editorial:Special issue on advances in representation learning for computer vision

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 1-3页

作者： Andrew Beng Jin Teoh Thian Song Ong Kian Ming lim Chin Poo Lee Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Faculty of Information Science and Technology Multimedia UniversityMelakaMalaysia

Deep learning has been a catalyst for a transformative revo-lution in machine learning and computer vision in the past *** these research domains,methods grounded in deep learning have exhibited exceptional performance across a spectrum of *** success of deep learning methods can be attributed to their capability to derive potent representations from data,integral for a myriad of downstream *** representations encapsulate the intrinsic structure,fea-tures,or latent variables characterising the underlying statistics of visual *** these achievements,the challenge per-sists in effectively conducting representation learning of visual data with deep models,particularly when confronted with vast and noisy *** special issue is a dedicated platform for researchers worldwide to disseminate their latest,high-quality articles,aiming to enhance readers'comprehension of the principles,limitations,and diverse applications of repre-sentation learning in computer vision.

关键词： spite computer representation

The need for pre-emptive control strategies for mpox in Asia and Oceania

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 214-223页

作者： Gregory Gan AJanhavi Guan Tong Jue Tao lim Borame L.Dickens Saw swee Hock School of Public Health National University of SingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

Introduction:The transmission dynamics of the recent mpox outbreak highlights the lack of infrastructure available to rapidly respond to novel STI outbreaks,of which Asia and Oceania remains particularly ***,we simulate outbreaks in this setting and propose the use of pre-emptive vaccination within the men who have sex with men(MSM)community before the arrival and establishment of the *** and methods Using data driven heterogeneous sexual contact networks,we simulated outbreaks of mpox in Singapore,Hong Kong,and *** individual based SEIR compartmental model was used to simulate epidemic trajectories and the impact of different vaccination uptakes was assessed in their ability to avert or suppress outbreaks upon the arrival of mpox within the MSM ***:The highly dense sexual networks of Singapore and Sydney experience rapid outbreaks,with infection peaks occurring at day 41 and 23 respectively,compared to Hong Kong which occurs at day *** the simulations with no vaccination,68.2%–89.7%of the MSM community will become infected with mpox across the different cities,over a simulation period of 1 *** implementing vaccination strategies,the infection rate across the cities can be reduced to as low as 3.1%of the population(range:3.1%–82.2%)depending on the implementation and uptake of the *** is also extremely effective in slowing the start of the epidemic,delaying the epidemic peak by 36–50 days in Hong Kong,or even preventing the outbreak of ***:With extremely dense and well-connected sexual contact networks,where 65.2%–83.2%of the population are connected to a super-spreader in the different contact networks,pre-emptive or immediate vaccination upon identification of the first case is strongly recommended to help better manage the outbreak of mpox and prevent potential straining of healthcare systems.

关键词： Monkeypox virus Modelling Network model Mpox Contact matrix Sexual contact

Assessing the Applicability of Multi-Source Precipitation Products over the Chinese Mainland and Its Seven Regions

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第3期30卷 275-288页

作者： TIAN Wei WU Yun-long LIN Chen ZHANG Jing-guo lim KAM SIAN Kenny Thiam Choy School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 China School of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing Wuxi UniversityWuxiJiangsu 214105 China

Satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation products provide valuable information for various ***,their performance varies widely across regions due to different data sources and production *** paper evaluated the daily performance of four precipitation products(MSWEP,ERA5,PERSIANN,and TRMM)for seven regions of the Chinese mainland,using observations from 2462 ground stations across the country as a *** used four statistical and four classification indicators to describe their spatial and temporal accuracy,and capability to detect precipitation events while analyzing their *** results show that according to the precipitation char-acteristics and accuracy of different types of precipitation products over the Chinese mainland,MSWEP was the most suitable product over the Chinese mainland,having the lowest root mean square error and mean absolute error,along with the highest coefficient of *** was followed by TRMM and ERA5,whereas PERSIANN lagged behind in terms of *** terms of different regions,MSWEP still performed well,especially in North China and East *** accuracy of the four precipitation products was relatively low in the summer months,and they all overestimated in the northwest *** other months,MSWEP and TRMM were better than PERSIANN and *** four precipitation products had good detection performance over the Chinese mainland,with probability of detection above ***,with the increase of precipitation threshold,the detection capability of the four products decreased,and MSWEP and ERA5 had good detection capability for moderate ***’s detection capability for heavy rain and rainstorms was better than that of the other three products,and PERSIANN’s detection capability for moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorms was relatively poor,with a large deviation.

关键词： precipitation product MSWEP TRMM ERA5 PERSIANN

Structural engineering of antimicrobials for optimal broad-spectrum activity

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期5卷 473-482页

作者： Arunmozhiarasi Armugam Diane S.W.lim Siti Nurhanna Riduan Shook Pui Chan Jerome Asugan Yugen Zhang Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Diploma in Biomedical Science School of Chemical and Life SciencesSingapore Polytechnic

Antimicrobial materials are a crucial component in eradicating and managing the spread of infectious *** are expected to act on a broad-spectrum of microbes, including emerging pathogens which could cause the next Disease X. Herein, we reassessed a series of antimicrobial imidazolium polymers on our shelves and uncovered extended functionality through dual modes of action. By redesigning their structures, a truly broadspectrum antimicrobial material with optimized activity against bacteria(G +ve, G-ve) and fungi, as well as enveloped and non-enveloped viruses was developed. We demonstrated that the imidazolium polymer exhibits dual modes of function against microbes: targeting the microbial membrane and binding DNA. The latter DNA binding affinity was found to be key against non-enveloped viruses. With this insight, we designed small molecule compounds that exhibited optimum broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and excellent efficacy against ESKAPE group of pathogens that are responsible for some of the deadliest nosocomial infections worldwide. Our results could also shed light on the design of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds against Disease X.

关键词： Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Polyimidazolium Structure-function Membrane active

Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Application of artifcial intelligence in cataract management:current and future directions

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 21-30页

作者： Laura Gutierrez Jane Sujuan lim Li Lian Foo Wei Yan Ng Michelle Yip Gilbert Yong San lim Melissa Hsing Yi Wong Allan Fong Mohamad Rosman Jodhbir Singth Mehta Haotian Lin Darren Shu Jeng Ting Daniel Shu Wei Ting Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Singapore National Eye Center 11 Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore Academic Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yet Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

The rise of artifcial intelligence(AI)has brought breakthroughs in many areas of *** ophthalmology,AI has delivered robust results in the screening and detection of diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and retinopathy of *** management is another feld that can beneft from greater AI *** is the leading cause of reversible visual impairment with a rising global clinical *** diagnosis,monitoring,and surgical management are necessary to address this *** addition,patients in large developing countries often sufer from limited access to tertiary care,a problem further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 *** on the other hand,can help transform cataract management by improving automation,efcacy and overcoming geographical ***,AI can be applied as a telediagnostic platform to screen and diagnose patients with cataract using slit-lamp and fundus *** utilizes a deep-learning,convolutional neural network(CNN)to detect and classify referable cataracts ***,some of the latest intraocular lens formulas have used AI to enhance prediction accuracy,achieving superior postoperative refractive results compared to traditional ***,AI can be used to augment cataract surgical skill training by identifying diferent phases of cataract surgery on video and to optimize operating theater workfows by accurately predicting the duration of surgical ***,some AI CNN models are able to efectively predict the progression of posterior capsule opacifcation and eventual need for YAG laser *** advances in AI could transform cataract management and enable delivery of efcient ophthalmic *** key challenges include ethical management of data,ensuring data security and privacy,demonstrating clinically acceptable performance,improving the generalizability of AI models across heterogeneous populations,and improving the trust of e

关键词： Artifcial intelligence Telemedicine Cataract Cataract screening Cataract surgery IOL calculations Biometry Machine learning