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Release of Alien Populations in Sweden

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第5期35卷 255-261页

作者： Linda Laikre Nils Ryman Anna Palmé popgen.su.seMelanie Josefsson is a principal technical officer at the Department of environmental Monitoring and Assessment at the swedish environmental protection agency.She holds a PhD in physical geography and works primarily with issues relating to effects of alien species on biological diversity.Her address:Department of environmental Monitoring and Assessment swedish environmental protection agency P.O.Box 7050 S-750 07 Uppsala Sweden.melanie.josefsson Fred Utter u.washington.eduThe authors Laikre Palmé Ryman and Utter share a common interest in topics relating to the genetic structuring of natural populations genetic conservation and to the genetic effects of man's impact on natural populations. a scientist at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.Her address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.lindalaikre a scientist at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.His address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.nils.ryman a graduate student at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.Her address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.anna.palme based at the School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences University of WashingtonUSA.His address:School of Aquatic and Fisheries SciencesUniversity of WashingtonBox 355020SeattleWA 98195USA.fmutter

外来物种的入侵对生物多样性是一个主要的威胁。尽管公众对入侵物种的注意力主要集中在物种水平上，而“生物多样性公约”已经将其界定到了物种水平以下的实体。这种定义认识到了本土物种的异位种群散布可能也会对生物多样性产生贞面影... 详细信息

外来物种的入侵对生物多样性是一个主要的威胁。尽管公众对入侵物种的注意力主要集中在物种水平上，而“生物多样性公约”已经将其界定到了物种水平以下的实体。这种定义认识到了本土物种的异位种群散布可能也会对生物多样性产生贞面影响。实际上，目前我们对这种散布的范围、程度及其对自然基因库的影响知之甚少。已有的资料显示瑞典外来群落已经扩展了相当大的范围，最为常见的被散布物种有：河鳟、大西洋鲑、北极红点鲑、白鲑、欧洲赤松、挪威云杉、绿头鸭、灰鹧鸪、雉。尽管每年有几百万的树木、鱼类、鸟类被散布到大自然，但是少有文献资料记载其地理、基因来源，甚至它们的散布地点在很大程度上也模糊不清。文章对亟需的与外来群落所带来的风险和问题相关的初步行动提出了相应的措施，和建议。

关键词：散布种群瑞典生物多样性公约外来物种入侵物种北极红点鲑大西洋鲑

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Nature　reserve　construction　and　its　contribution　to　the　biodiversity　conservation　in　China　mainland

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1996年第1期8卷 15-20页

作者： Jiang Mingkang Xue Dayuan(Nanjing Institute of environmental Science, National environmental protection agency, Nanjing 210042,China ) Nanjing Inst Envmtl Sci National Envmtl Protection Agency Nanjing China China

By the end of 1993, 763 nature reserves were established in China with a total area of 66184.1 kha, occupied proximally 6. 84% of the whole country's land *** reserves concerning biodiversity conservation include ecosystem categories of forest, grassland, desert, terrestrial wetland and waters, ocean and coast and categories of wild animal and wild plant. Based on the construction of the reserves, the contributions of the reserves of various categories to the biodiversity conservation and the existed shortages for the reserve construction in China were analyzed thoroughly in this paper.

关键词： nature reserve protected area reserve construction biodiversity conservation.

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To take a clean technology as a strategy for pollution control in industry

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1993年第1期5卷 90-98页

作者： Shi QingNational environmental protection agency, Beijing 100035, ChinaLiu XishuNational Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100083, China National Env protection agency Beijing 100035 China China

A clean technology in thermal power station by adding of limestone into coal for getting the co-melted compounds was studied. Comparing with conventional technology, the quantity of ash discharged is decreased from 85% to 15%, the water consumption is 80% less than traditional method. The slag discharged could be used as raw materials for cement and bricks. In addition, the SO2 content is decreased as well.

关键词： thermal power station pollution control clean technology.

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Outline and management of industrial wastewater in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1996年第4期8卷 434-442页

作者： Chen Xingwu Li Qingshu (China National environmental protection agency (NEPA),Beijing 100037, China) China Natl. Environ. Protect. agency Beijing 100037 China

The essay covers the discharge and percentage of treatment of industrial wastewater in China before 1992,the analysis of industrial wastewater pollution to the environment and the problems and corrective measures to prevent and control the pollution caused by industrial wastewater in *** pollution is one of main environrnental problems in China. And industrial wastewater is a very important source to make water pollution. It is a key task to prevent industrial wastewater pollution and protect water quality of rivers, lakes (reservoirs), underground water in Chinese water environmental management.

关键词： industrial wastewater environmental rnanagement China.

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The　construction　and　management　of　nature　reserves　in　China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1997年第2期9卷 4-15页

作者： Jin Jianming National environmental protection agency of China, Beijing 100035, China

This article briefly outlines the construction and development of natural reserves; it embraces the necessity and main content of the mangement of natural reserves, including theoretical guidance, targets management, planning management, legislative management, technological management, administrative management. It discusses the experience of construction and management of natural reserves and existing problems in this regard as well as correspondent solutions such as policy measures, technology measures and management measures.

关键词： natural reserve construction management.

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The ways to prevent pollution of the pulp and paper industry in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1992年第1期4卷 117-122页

作者： Yan HongbangNational environmental protection agency, No. 115, Xizhimennei Nanxiaojie, Beijing 100035, China

Water pollution from the pulp and paper industry is one of the most serious environment problems in China. In order to prevent and treat pollution of the pulp and paper industry, the following works have been done in recent years: 1. Making necessary policies, measures and regulations; 2. Making overall planning and rational layout; 3. Relying mainly on internal treatment developing external treatment as supplement; 4. Improving the technology of treating wastewater of the pulp and paper industry.

关键词： water pollution pulp industry paper industry.

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Development of low-and non-waste technologies in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1990年第2期2卷 19-23页

作者： Yan HongbangNational environmental protection agency,No.115,Xishimenei Naniaojie,Beijing 100035,China.

Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China. In order to reduce the discharge of waste water per RMB 1000 Yuan of the industrial output value, the author offered a proposal on the development of low-and non-waste technologies as follows: 1. Changing distribution and structures of industrial production; 2. Innovation in techniques and eliminating industrial wastewater in the process of manufacture; 3. Comprehensive utilization of wastes and wastewater; 4. Strengthening environmental management and supervision of industrial enterprises.

关键词： environmental protection water pollution industrial wastewater low-and non-waste technologies.

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LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS CONTROL STRATEGIES IN CHINA

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1997年第2期7卷 1-12页

作者： Yang Chaofei Dapartment of Natural Conservation, National environmental protection agency, Beijing 100035 People’s Republic of China

Human induced land degradation refers to decline or loss of biological or economic productivity resulting from a process or combination of processes, including displacement of soil matreial, terrain deformation and loss of nutrients and/or orgnic matter through wind erosion, water erosion, secondary salinization and pollution. Wind erosion is a major problem in the dry land of China and the area of sandy desertified land caused by wind erosion has reached 371,000 km 2. Water erosion frequently occurs in hilly and mountainous areas where 1.79 million km 2 of land have been observed and degraded land area affected by secondary salinization now covers 63,000 km 2 in China. Statistical data indicated that depletion of soil nutriution is a serious problem in China. Some 460,000 km 2 of cultivated or 46 percent of the total cultivated land area is deficient in P, and 330,000 km 2 of cultivated land or one-third of nation′s total is deficient in K. Adverse human activities are recognized as a principal reason of land degradation. In northern China, 30.1 percent of land degradation caused by over grazing, 26.9 percent by over reclamation, 33.7 percent by excessive fuel collection, 9.6 percent by mis-use of water resources, as well as 0.7 percent by industrial, mining and transportation construction. In southern China, 37 percent of degraded land caused by deforestation, 35 percent by slopeland reclamation, 18 percent by improper afforestation, and 10 percent by industrial, mining and transportation construction. Following the discussion of the causes and disasters of land degradation, this paper presents the achievements gained in prevention and control of land degradation since 1949. The several control strategic measures in combating land degradation such as prompting public awareness and people's participation, strengthening national laws and policies formulation, carrying out projects on rehabilization and monitoring, are proposed by the end of this paper.

关键词： China land degradation current status causes disaster achievements strategies.

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Acid-base characterization of foursulfide minerals

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1994年第2期6卷 215-223页

作者： Lin Yuhuan(Research Center for Eco-Environmentai Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)George W. Bailey(environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development, U. S. environmental protection agency, Athens, Georgia 306

The amphoteric properties of four sulfide minerals were characterized byacidimetric-alkalimetric titration. Chalcocite, galena, and sphalerite were found to bediprotic acids, while pyrite was determined to be a triprotic acid. Intrinsic acidity con-stants for the four minerals are as follows: chalcocite-pK_(a1)=5.25, pK_(a2)=9.68;galena- pK_(a1)=5.26, pK_(a2)=9.62; sphalente- pK_(a1)= 5.08, pK_(a2)= 9.13;and pyrite - pK_(a1) = 3.50,pK_(a2)=5.32, pK_(a3)=9.81.

关键词： acid-base titration chalcocite galena pynte sphalerite.

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pH Effect on Kinetics of Heavy Metal Sorption in Soils

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Pedosphere 1996年第3期 225-231页

作者： LIN YU-SUO and XUE JIA-HUA(Nanjing Institute of environmental Scienpe, Notional environmental protection, agency, Nanjing 210042China)(Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014 China)

ｐＨＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｎＫｉｎｅｔｉｃｓｏｆＨｅａｖｙＭｅｔａｌＳｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｉｌｓ￥ＬＩＮＹＵ－ＳＵＯａｎｄＸＵＥＪＩＡ－ＨＵＡ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｐｅ，... 详细信息

ｐＨＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｎＫｉｎｅｔｉｃｓｏｆＨｅａｖｙＭｅｔａｌＳｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｉｌｓ￥ＬＩＮＹＵ－ＳＵＯａｎｄＸＵＥＪＩＡ－ＨＵＡ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｐｅ，ＮｏｔｉｏｎａｌＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅ...

关键词： heavy metals kinetics soils sorption

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