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Induction of Mitochondrial Pathways and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Increasing Apoptosis in Ectopic and Orthotopic Neuroblastoma Xenografts

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第2期2卷 77-90页

作者： Surajit karmakar Subhasree Roy Choudhury Naren Lal Banik swapan kumar ray Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia South Carolina USA.

Cancers are characterized by deregulation of multiple signaling pathways and thus monotherapies are hardly effective. Neuroblastoma, which often occurs in adrenal glands, is the most common childhood malignancy. Malignant neuroblastoma resists traditional treatments and further studies are needed for effective therapeutic interventions. We evaluated synergistic efficacy of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) and genistein (GST) for induction of apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and Sk-N-BE2 cells in culture and activation of multiple pathways for increasing apoptosis in ectopic and orthotopic neuroblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Combination of 4-HPR and GST synergistically reduced cell viability, caused subG1 accumulation, increased caspase-3 activity for apoptosis in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Western blotting indicated that combination therapy down regulated Id2 to induce differentiation, increased pro-apoptotic Bax and decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 leading to an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, increased mitochondrial Bax level, caused mitochondrial release of Smac/Diablo, down regulation of the baculovirus inhibitor-of-apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins such as BIRC-2 and BIRC-3, and activation of calpain and caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y xenografts. Accumulation of apoptosis-inducing-factor (AIF) in cytosol and increase in caspase-4 activation suggested involvement of mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, respectively, for apoptosis in SH-SY5Y xenografts. In situ immunofluorescent labelings of SH-SY5Y and Sk-N-BE2 xenograft sections showed overexpression of calpain, caspase-12, and caspase-3, and AIF, suggesting induction of mitochondrial caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways for apoptosis. Collectively, synergistic effects of 4-HPR and GST induced mitochondrial pathways and also ER stress for increasing apoptosis in ectopic and orthotopic neuroblastoma xenografts in nude mice.

关键词： Apoptosis Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Genistein N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Retinamide Neuroblastoma

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A Time Decay Vacuum is a New Era of Space Science with Reference to Magnetohydrodynamic Flows

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World Journal of Mechanics 2011年第3期1卷 83-86页

作者： swapan kumar Ghosh 不详

A controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction of the Sun is the heart of the space craft propulsion system. A band of ultraviolet radiation and X-ray emission of shorter wave length permeated by a magnetic mirror in the presence of a radiofrequency accelerator with the Sun at the resonant level is to produce hydrogen fusion laser due to a driving force to act as a laser fusion thruster. A superfluid helium (4He2) of burning with the Sun is a fifth state of matter. A higher state of matter is confined to a typical helical line which corresponds to the existence of outer universe.

关键词： Radiofrequency Accelerator Magnetic Mirror Charged Oscillator Microwave Background of Radiation Fifth State of Matter

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Electrical Conductivity, Magnetoconductivity and Dielectric Behaviour of (Mg,Ni)-Ferrite below Room Temperature

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2010年第4期1卷 177-186页

作者： Somenath Ghatak Ajit kumar Meikap Manika Sinha swapan kumar Pradhan Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Deemed University Durgapur India

We report a comprehensive study of electrical transport properties of stoichiometric (Mg,Ni)-ferrite in the temperature range 77 ≤ T ≤ 300k, applying magnetic field upto 1T in the frequency range 20 Hz-1 MHz. After ball milling of MgO, NiO and ?-Fe2O3 and annealing at 1473k, a (Mg,Ni)-ferrite phase is obtained. The temperature dependency of dc resistivity indicates the prevalence of a simple hopping type charge transport in all the investigated samples. The activation energy decreases by annealing the samples by 1473k. The dc magnetoresistivity of the samples is positive, which has been explained by using wave function shrinkage model. The frequency dependence of conductivity has been described by power law and the frequency exponent ‘s’ is found to be anomalous temperature dependent for ball milling and annealing samples. The real part of the dielectric permittivity at a fixed frequency was found to follow the power law ?/(f,T) ? Tn. The magnitude of the temperature exponent ‘n’ strongly depends on milling time and also on annealing temperature. The dielectric permittivity increases with milling and also with annealing. An analysis of the complex impedance by an ideal equivalent circuit indicates that the grain boundary contribution is dominating over the grain contribution in conduction process.

关键词： Ferrites Chemical Synthesis X-ray Scattering Transport Properties

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Direct and Alternate Current Conductivity and Magnetoconductivity of Nanocrystalline Cadmium-Zinc Ferrite below Room Temperature

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第4期2卷 226-236页

作者： Somenath Ghatak Goutam Chakraborty Monika Sinha swapan kumar Pradhan Ajit kumar Meikap 不详

Nanocrystalline cadmium-zinc ferrite samples were prepared by ball milling method and its electrical transport property were investigated within a temperature range 77 k ≤ T ≤ 300 k in presence of a magnetic field up to 1T and in a frequency range 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The investigated samples follow a simple hopping type charge transport. The dc magnetoconductivity has been explained in terms of orbital magnetoconductivity theory. The alternating current conductivity follows the universal dielectric response σ'/(f) ∝ Tnfs. The values of ‘s’ have a decreasing trend with temperature. The temperature exponent ‘n’ depends on frequency. The dielectric permittivity of the samples depends on the grain resistance and interfacial grain boundary resistance. The ac magnetoconductivity is positive which can be explained in terms of impedance of the sample.

关键词： Nanostructures X-ray Diffraction Electrical Properties Dielectric Properties

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Fabrication and characterization of the Ti-Ca-P composites by vacuum sintering

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2011年第9期4卷 583-590页

作者： Dibakar Mondal swapan kumar Sarkar Dong-Won Lee Young-Seon Lee Byong-Taek Lee 不详

Using Ti and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) pow-ders, Ti-Ca-P composites which contained 0 - 30 vol.% BCP powders initially, were fabricated by vac-uum sintering at two different sintering temperatures, 1300°C and 1400°C. Detailed microstructural char-acteristics of the resulting composites were investi-gated. Mechanical properties like compressive strength, Vickers hardness were evaluated and they showed decreasing trend with the increasing initial BCP content. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles revealed that extensive chemical reaction occurred and the initial BCP was degraded and formed CaO, TiO2, TiP, CaTiO3. However, the cell viability by MTT assay and cell proliferation behavior through one cell morphology analysis showed excellent in-creasing trend in biocompatibility which makes this materials suitable for hard tissue aid *** the composite containing 30 vol.% BCP content with Ti sintered at 1400°C showed excellent biocompati-bility with the Vickers Hardness value 108.8 HV and the compressive strength value 303.7 MPa.

关键词： Ti Calcium Phosphate Biocompatibility Bio-ceramic

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