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Submissive behavior is affect.d by t.rrit.ry st.uct.re in a social fish

CURRENt.ZOOLOGY 2024年第6期70卷 803-809页

作者： Rubert., t.mmaso swaney, william t. Reddon, Adam R. Liverpool John Moores Univ Sch Biol & Environm Sci 3 Byrom St Liverpool L3 3AF England

Group living may engender conflict.over food, reproduct.on, or ot.er resources and individuals must.be able t. manage conflict.for social groups t. persist. Submission signals are an adapt.t.on for est.blishing and maint.ining social hierarchy posit.on, allowing a subordinat. individual t. avoid prot.act.d and cost.y aggressive int.ract.ons wit. dominant.individuals. In t.e daffodil cichlid fish (Neolamprologus pulcher), subordinat.s may use submission signals t. resolve conflict. wit. dominant.individuals and maint.in t.eir social st.t.s wit.in t.e group. t.e complexit. of t.e physical environment.may affect.t.e value of submission signals compared wit. fleeing or avoidance, which may require cert.in physical feat.res such as shelt.rs t. be effect.ve. We invest.gat.d how t.e ecological cont.xt.affect.d t.e expression of submission in subordinat. daffodil cichlids by examining t.eir behavior under different.arrangement. of t.e physical environment.wit.in t.eir t.rrit.ries. We alt.red t.e number of shelt.rs provided t. daffodil cichlid groups and compared t.e int.ract.ons bet.een dominant.and subordinat. individuals under each shelt.r condit.on by scoring t.e social and cooperat.ve behaviors of t.e group members. We found t.at.behaviors of group members were modulat.d by t.e environment. subordinat.s displayed fewer submission and fleeing behaviors in more st.uct.rally complex environment. and dominant. were more aggressive t. subordinat.s when more shelt.rs were present. Our result. help t. elucidat. t.e role of t.e physical environment.in t.e modulat.on of social int.ract.ons in group-living animals and may have implicat.ons for t.e welfare of capt.vely housed social cichlid groups.

关键词： aggression daffodil cichlids environment.l enrichment Neolamprologus pulcher shelt.rs submission

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Release, Recycle, Rebuild： Cell-Wall Remodeling, Aut.degradat.on, and Sugar Salvage for New Wall Biosynt.esis during Plant.Development

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： william J. Barnes Charles t. Anderson Depart.ent.of Biology Cent.r for Ugnocellulose St.uct.re and Format.on t.e Pennsylvania St.t. Universit. University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant.cell walls cont.in elaborat. polysaccharide net.orks and regulat. plant.growt., development. mechanics, cell-cell communicat.on and adhesion, and defense. Despit. conferring rigidit. t. support.plant.st.uct.res, t.e cell wall is a dynamic ext.acellular mat.ix t.at.is modified, reorganized, and degraded t. t.ght.y cont.ol it. propert.es during growt. and development. Far from being a t.rminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant.cells, eit.er via direct.re-incorporat.on by t.ans- glycosylat.on or via int.rnalizat.on and met.bolic salvage of wall-derived sugars t. produce new precur- sors for wall synt.esis. However, t.e physiological and met.bolic cont.ibut.ons of wall recycling t. plant.growt. and development.are largely undefined. In t.is review, we discuss long-st.nding and recent.evi- dence support.ng t.e occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plant., make predict.ons regarding t.e develop- ment.l processes t. which wall recycling might.cont.ibut., and ident.fy out.t.nding quest.ons and emerging experiment.l t.ols t.at.might.be used t. address t.ese quest.ons and enhance our underst.nding of t.is poorly charact.rized aspect.of wall dynamics and met.bolism.

关键词： Plant.cell walls wall degradat.on wall recycling wall biosynt.esis

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Model wit. st.ong γ_4 t.violat.on

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第12期32卷 939-944页

作者： R. Friedberg t. D. Lee Physics Depart.ent Columbia University New York NY 10027 U.S.A. China Cent.r of Advanced Science and t.chnology (CCASt.World Lab.) P.O. Box 8730

eAbst.act.We ext.nd t.e t.violat.ng model of t.e paper on ＂Hidden symmet.y of t.e CKM and neut.inomapping mat.ices＂ by assuming it. t.violat.ng phases X↑ and X↓ t. be large and t.e same, wit. X = X↑ = X↓. In t.is case, t.e model has 9 real paramet.rs： at. α↑,β↑,ξ↑,η↑t.for t.e t.quark sect.r, α↓,β↓,ξ↓,η↓, for t.e sect.r and a common X- We examine whet.er t.ese nine paramet.rs are compat.ble wit. t.n observables： t.e six quark masses and t.e four real paramet.rs t.at.charact.rize t.e CKM mat.ix （i.e., t.e Jarlskog invariant. and t.ree Eulerian angles）. We find t.at.t.is is possible only if t.e t.violat.ng phase X is large, bet.een -120^o t. -135^o. In t.is st.ong t.violat.ng model, t.e smallness of t.eJarlskog invariant. 3 × 10^-5 ismainly account.d for by t.e large heavy quark masses, wit. mc/mt.ms/mb≈0.02, as well as t.e near complet.overlap of t.and b quark, wit. （c｜b）=-0.04.

关键词： Jarlskog invariant CKM mat.ix st.ong γ4 t.violat.on

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Bao Shichen and Agrarian Reform in Early Ninet.ent.-Cent.ry China

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Front.ers of Hist.ry in China 2014年第1期9卷 1-31页

作者： william t. Rowe Depart.ent.of Hist.ry The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Known primarily for his reformist.proposals in t.e areas of milit.ry affairs, foreign policy, t.e salt.monopoly, and t.e grain t.ibut. syst.m, t.e influent.al early ninet.ent.-cent.ry lit.rat.s Bao Shichen 包世臣（1775-1855） also made t.roughout.his life numerous suggest.ons regarding t.e improvement.of agricult.ral pract.ce and of rural life. Cont.ary t. t.e argument. of his older cont.mporary Hong Liangji t.at.t.e empire was facing an imminent.demographic and provisioning crisis, Bao argued t.at.t.ere was ample possibilit. for increasing crop yields, and improving popular livelihoods, if a more rat.onal approach was t.ken t. cropping decisions, farm labor allocat.on, agricult.ral commercializat.on, and local-level social organizat.on. Bao was fond of quant.ficat.on, and, far more t.an Hong, employed st.t.st.cal analysis （albeit.crude） t. bolst.r his argument.. Fundament.lly commit.ed t. increasing t.e power and wealt. of t.e imperial st.t. in t.e face of t.reat. bot. foreign and domest.c, Bao was highly opt.mist.c t.at.t.is could be achieved simult.neously wit. fulfilling his ot.er basic commit.ent. relieving what.he saw as widespread popular immiserat.on.

关键词： agricult.re propert. populat.on product.vit. Bao Shichen HongLiangji quant.ficat.on salt t.bacco opium silver

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Effect. of acet.c acid on microst.uct.re and elect.ochemical propert.es of nano cerium oxide films coat.d on AA7020-t. aluminum alloy

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Rare Met.ls 2009年第1期28卷 98-101页

作者： H. Hasannejad t. Shahrabi M. Aliofkhazraei Mat.rials Engineering Depart.ent Faculty of EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

Nano cerium oxide films were applied on AA7020-t. aluminum alloy and t.e effect. of acet.c acid concent.at.on on t.e microst.uct.re and elect.ochemical propert.es of t.e coat.d samples were invest.gat.d by using scanning elect.on microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffract.on （XRD）, and pot.nt.odynamic polarizat.on met.ods. It.has been found t.at.by increasing t.e acet.c acid/CeCl3·7H2O molar rat.o, high uniform and crack-free films wit. well-developed grains were obt.ined and grain sizes of t.e films decreased. Eliminat.on of cracks and decreasing grain size of t.e nano cerium oxide films caused corrosion resist.nce t. increase.

关键词： nano cerium oxide films acet.c acid aluminum alloy elect.ochemical propert. microst.uct.re

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Meso-Scale VOC-Mixt.re Analyzer wit. t.nable Separat.on and Microsensor Array Det.ct.on

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A03期35卷 61-64页

作者： Qiongyan Zhong william H. St.inecker Edward t. Zellers Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Sciences University of Michigan 109 S. Observatory St. Ann Arbor MI 48109-2029 USA Depart.ent.of Chemist.y University of Michigan 109 S. Observatory St. Ann Arbor MI 48109-2029 USA

A novel port.ble inst.ument.developed for field det.rminat.ons of complex mixt.res of volat.le organic compounds (VOCs) is *** key feat.res of t.e inst.ument.are a miniat.re mult.-st.ge adsorbent.preconcent.at.r/focuser,t.o series-coupled separat.on columns wit. pressure and t.mperat.re t.nable ret.nt.on cont.ol,and an int.grat.d array of four chemiresist.r (CR) sensors coat.d wit. Au-t.iolat. monolayer-prot.ct.d nanopart.cles (MPN).MPN-CR array response pat.erns are used wit. ret.nt.on t.mes t. ident.fy elut.ng *** is used as t.e carrier *** of 20 common indoor air cont.minant. gave LODs in t.e range of 0.05 ng/g～0.53 ng/g for a 1 L sample *** of preliminary analyses of charact.rist.c VOCs generat.d from *** as well as vapor-phase markers of environment.l t.bacco smoke (Et.) at.low-or sub-ng/g levels are present.d.

关键词： microsensor gas chromat.graphy nanopart.cle sensor array port.ble Et.

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t.lerance t. individual and joint.effect. of arsenic and Bacillus t.uringiensis subsp, israelensis or Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquit.es

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Insect.Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christ.na L. Mogren william E. Walt.n John t. t.umble Depart.ent.of Ent.mology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic cont.minat.on of global wat.r supplies has come t. t.e forefront.in policy decisions in recent.decades. However, t.e effect. of arsenic on lower t.ophic levels of insect. inhabit.ng cont.minat.d ecosyst.ms are not.well underst.od. One approach t. document.bot. acut. and sublet.al effect. of t.xicant. like arsenic is t. assay t.em in combinat.on wit. microbial pat.ogens t. evaluat. shift. in survival curves of t.e t.st.organisms. Larvae of Culex quinquefasciat.s and Culex t.rsalis were reared in wat.r cont.ining 0 or 1 000μg/L of arsenat. or arsenit.. Fourt. inst.rs were t.en exposed t. a range of doses of Bacillus t.uringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bt.） or Lysinibacillus sphaericus （Ls）, wit. shift. in let.al concent.at.ons det.rmined. Arsenic accumulat.on in 4t. inst.rs was also quant.fied, and a relat.ve growt. index （RGI） calculat.d for t.e t.eat.ent. and compared t. cont.ols. Larvae of bot. species accumulat.d bet.een 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, t.ough RGI values indicat.d accumulat.on did not.affect.growt. and development. In all cases, t.e LC50＇s and LC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciat.s exposed joint.y wit. arsenic and Bt./Ls were higher t.an Cx. t.rsafis. Cx. t.rsafis reared in arsenit. showed a significant.reduct.on in t.eir Bt. LC90 values compared t. t.e cont.ol, indicat.ng a sublet.al effect.of Bt.. When exposed joint.y wit. Ls, arsenit. was more t.xic t.an arsenat. in Cx. t.rsalis. Overall, t.ese result. indicat. t.lerance of t.ese Culex species t. arsenic exposures, and why t.is may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenat. arsenit. Bsph Bt. Culex t.rsalis Culex quinquefasciat.s

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Development.of t.e PARASOL Code and Full Part.cle Simulat.on of t.kamak Plasma wit. an Open-Field SOL-Divert.r Region Using PARASOL

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Plasma Science and t.chnology 2011年第3期13卷 316-325页

作者： t. t.KIZUKA Japan At.mic Energy Agency Naka Fusion Institute Naka 311-0193 Japan

t.e PARASOL code and t.e simulat.on by using PARASOL are int.oduced briefly. t.e PARASOL code wit. part.cle-in-cell （PIC） met.od and binary collision model was developed in JAERI and JAEA. Simulat.ons using PARASOL code were carried out.in order t. invest.gat. t.e power and part.cle cont.ol wit. diveror syst.m in fusion react.rs. t.e one-dimensional （1D） version of PARASOL was adopt.d t. invest.gat. t.e Bohm crit.rion, t.e supersonic flow, t.e SOL heat.conduct.on, and so on. t.e heat.propagat.on due t. edge localized mode （ELM） was st.died wit. t.e 1D-dynamic PARASOL. t.e t.o-dimensional version of PARASOL for t.e whole t.kamak plasma including scrape-off-layer （SOL）-divert.r region was useful for simulat.ng t.e SOL flow pat.ern, t.e elect.ic field format.on et.. Based on PARASOL simulat.on result., improved physics modeling for t.e fluid simulat.on was built.up.

关键词： t.lkamak plasma scrape-off layer divert.r sheat. heat.t.ansport plasmaflow radial elect.ic field part.cle simulat.on collision model

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Precise measurement.of magnet.c moment.of short.lived β-emit.ing nuclei ^(12)B (I~π=1^+,t.(1/2)=20.18 ms)

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Ast.onomy) 2004年第5期47卷 531-539页

作者： M. Mihara M. Fukuda K. Mat.ut. t. Minamisono Graduat. School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 JapanGraduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 JapanGraduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 JapanGraduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan

t.e spin polarized β-emit.ing nuclei12B (I π=1+,t.1/2=20.18 ms) were produced by t.e nuclear react.on11B(d, p)12B and by t.e select.on t.chnique of t.e incident.deut.ron energy and t.e12B recoil angle following t.e nuclear react.on. t.e nuclear magnet.c moment.of t.e short.lived nuclei12B was measured by β-NMR wit. t.e β-NMR and β-NQR set.p est.blished for t.e first.t.me in China. t.e nuclear magnet.c moment.of12B was det.rmined t. be μ=0.99993±0.00048 nm org=0.99993±0.00048 aft.r t.e precise correct.on of t.e Knight.shift.

关键词： short.lived 12B (Iπ = 1+, t./2 = 20.18 ms) nuclei, nuclear magnet.c moment. Knight shift. β-NMR.

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Development.of Archit.ct.res for Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs Syst.ms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第4期4卷 291-297页

作者： Riyant. t. Bambang School of Elect.ical Engineering and Informat.cs Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung 40132 Indonesia

t.is paper present. our experience in developing and implement.ng Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m. Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m refers t. a robot.syst.m cont.olled and monit.red remot.ly t.rough t.e Int.rnet. A robot.manipulat.r wit. five degrees of freedom, called Ment.r, is employed. Client.server archit.ct.re is chosen as a plat.orm for our Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m. t.ree generat.ons of t.lerobot.cs syst.ms have evolved in t.is research. t.e first.generat.on was based on CGI and t.o t.ered archit.ct.res, where a client.present. a Graphical User Int.rface t. t.e user, and ut.lizes t.e user＇s dat. ent.y and act.ons t. perform request. t. robot.server running on a different.machine. t.e second generat.on was developed using Java. We also employ Java 3D for creat.ng and manipulat.ng 3D geomet.y of manipulat.r links, and for const.uct.ng t.e st.uct.res used in rendering t.at.geomet.y, result.ng in 3D robot.movement.simulat.on present.d t. t.e users （client.） t.rough t.eir web browser. Recent.development.in our Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs includes object.recognit.on t.rough image capt.red by a camera, which poses challenging problem, giving t.e undet.rminist.c lat.ncy of t.e Int.rnet. t.e t.ird generat.on is cent.red around t.e use of CORBA for development.plat.orm of dist.ibut.d int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m, aimed at.dist.ibut.ng t.sk of t.lerobot.cs syst.m.

关键词： t.lerobot.cs manipulat.r Int.rnet CGI Java Java 3D CORBA

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