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Complex Regulation of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylases Impacts Root Hair Expansion

molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 734-746页

作者： Silvia m. Velasauez martiniano m. Ricardi Christian Peter Poulsen Ai Oikawa Adiphol Dilokpimol Adnan Halim Silvina mangano Silvina Paola Denita Juarez Eliana marzol Juan D. Salgado Salter Javier Gloazzo Dorosz Cecilia Borassi svenning rune m.ller Rafael Buono Yukiko Ohsawa Ken matsuoka marisa S. Otegui Henrik V. Scheller Naomi Geshi Bent Larsen Petersen Norberto D. lusem Jose m. Estevez Instituto de Fisiologfa Biologia Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina VKR Research Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frededksberg C Denmark Joint BioEnergy Institute Feedstocks Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 5885 Hollis Street Emeryville CA 94608 USA Copenhagen Center for Glycomios Department of Cellular and Molecular Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of CopenhagenDK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA RIKEN Plant Science Center Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1 Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan Departamento de Fisiologia Biologia Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires C1428EGAArgentina These authors contributed equally to the article. Present address: Fungal Physiology CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center Uppsalalaan 8 Utrecht 3584 CT The Netherlands Present address: The Danish Stem Cell Center The Panum Institute Blegdamsvej 3B DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark

Root hairs are single cells that develop by tip growth, a process shared with pollen tubes, axons, and fungal hyphae. However, structural plant cell walls impose constraints to accomplish tip growth. In addition to polysaccharides, plant cell walls are composed of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins （HRGPs）, which include several groups of O-glycoproteins, including extensins （EXTs）. Proline hydroxylation, an early post-translational modification （PTm） of HRGPs catalyzed by prolyl 4-hydroxylases （P4Hs）, defines their subsequent O-glycosylation sites. In this work, our genetic analyses prove that P4H5, and to a lesser extent P4H2 and P4H13, are pivotal for root hair tip growth. Second, we demonstrate that P4H5 has in vitro preferred specificity for EXT substrates rather than for other HRGPs. Third, by P4H promoter and protein swapping approaches, we show that P4H2 and P4H13 have interchangeable functions but cannot replace P4H5. These three P4Hs are shown to be targeted to the secretory pathway, where P4H5 forms dimers with P4H2 and P4H13. Finally, we explore the impact of deficient proline hydroxylation on the cell wall architec- ture. Taken together, our results support a model in which correct peptidyl-proline hydroxylation on EXTs, and possibly in other HRGPs, is required for proper cell wall self-assembly and hence root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

关键词： enzymology cell expansion cell walls protein targeting proline hydroxylation root hairs

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