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Sociability and pair.bonding in ger.ils: a compar.tive exper.mental study

Cur.ent Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 363-373页

作者： Andr.y V. TCHABOVSKY Ludmila E. SAVINETSKAYA Natalia L. OVCHINNIKOVA Alexandr. SAFONOVA Olga N. ILCHENKO sve.lana r. sapozhnikova Nina A. VASILIEVA Depar.ment of Ver.ebr.te Zoology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow Russia Labor.tor. for.Population Ecology Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Moscow Zoo Russia

In a study of ger.ils with contr.sting social and mating systems (gr.up-living monogamous Mongolian ger.il Mer.ones unguiculatus, solitar. nonter.itor.al pr.miscuous midday jir. M. mer.dianus, and solitar. ter.itor.al pr.miscuous pale ger.il Ger.illus per.allidus), we employed par. ner.pr.f er. nee tests (PPTs) to assess among-species var.ation in sociability and pair.bonding patter.s and tested whether.the natur. of contact between individuals: dir.ct contact (DC) ver.us nondir.ct contact (NDC) affected our.r.sults. We measur.d male pr.f er. nces as the time: 1) spe nt alone, 2) with familiar.(par.ner., and 3) unfamiliar.(str.nger. female in the 3-chamber.d appar.tus. Ger.il species differ.d str.ngly in sociability and male par.ner.pr.fer.nces. The time spent alone was a r.liable indicator.of species sociability indepe ndent of the natur. of con tact, wher.as the patter. and level of betwee n-species differ. nces in male par.ner.pr.fer.nces depended on con tact type: DC PPTs, un like NDC-tests, discr.minated well betwee n monogamous and pr.miscuous species. In the DC-tests, str.nger.dir.cted aggr.ssion and str.nger.avoidanee wer. obser.ed both in the highly social monogamous M. unguiculatus and the solitar. ter.itor.al pr.miscuous G. per.allidus, but not in the non ter.itor.al pr.miscuous M. mer.dianus. In M. unguiculatus, str.nger.avoidanee in the DC-tests incr.ased the time spent with the par.ner. thus pr.viding evidence of a par.ner.pr.fer.nce that was not found in the NDC-tests, wher.as in G. per.allidus, str.n ger.avoidance in cr.ased the time spe nt alone. This fir.t compar.tive exper.mental study of par.ner.pr.fer. nces in ger.ils pr.vides new in sights into the in ter.pecific var.ation in ger.il sociality and mating systems and sheds light on behavior.l mechanisms un der.yi ng social fidelity and pair.b on ding.

关键词： ger.ils mating systems par.ner pr.fer.nce test par.ner fidelity social systems str.nger.dir.cted aggr.ssion

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MOr.HOSTr.CTUr. OF THE EASTEr. MAr.IN OF ASIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE PECULIAr.TIES OF ITS GEOLOGY AND METALLOGENY

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大地构造与成矿学 1988年第2期 123-135页

作者： E.N.sapozhnikova Academy of Sciences Institute of Or. Deposit Geology Moscow USSr Petr.logy Miner.logy and Geochemistr. (IGEM)

Accor.ing to both geological and mor.hostr.ctur.l data, the continental mar.in of East Asia is divided into major.longitudinal zones: (1) the wester., continental; (2)centr.l. including mar.inal seas; (3) a chain of island ar.s; and (4) deep-sea tr.nches. A deep-sea tr.nch system bounds the continental mar.in on the east. The later.l inhomogeneity of the continental mar.in is expr.ssed both in topogr.phic r.lief and the *** east-west-tr.nding zones that mar. the boundar.se of sector. and segments ar. deep-pr.pagating belts. They ar. effective bar.ier. for.some metals. The inter.ections between them and the wester. boundar. of the continental mar.in ar. specific deep tectonic str.ctur.s of incr.ased r.ck fr.gmentation and per.eability for.localization of miner.l deposits. The lar.est cluster. of miner.l deposits ar. r.str.cted to these inter.ections.

关键词： continental mar.in of East Asia mor.hostr.ctur. later.l inhomogeneity

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Long-Ter. H2O and CO2 Tr.nds in Conifer.Disc Tr.e r.ngs and Meteor.logical Par.meter.

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Jour.al of Life Sciences 2013年第9期7卷 1002-1008页

作者： Ageev Bor.s Gr.gor.evich Gr.zdev Aleksandr.Nikolaevich Bondar.nko sve.lana Leonidovna sapozhnikova Valer.a Aleksandr.vna V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospher.c Optics SB r.S Tomsk 634021 Russia MA.Obukhov Institute of Atmospher.c Physics r.S Moscow 119017 Russia Institute for.Monitor.ng of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB r.S Tomsk 634055 Russia

r.sults of investigations into the CO2 content in tr.e disc r.ngs by the method pr.posed her. have shown that a consider.ble par. of CO2 gener.ted under.cell r.spir.tion is found in tr.e stems. Besides, annual CO2 distr.bution in tr.e r.ngs exhibits a well-defined cyclicity. r.sults obtained fr.m investigations into long-ter. CO2 and H2O var.ations in tr.e discs per.or.ed by differ.nt methods ar. pr.sented. Wavelet and spectr.l analyses of the r.lationship between CO2 and H2O var.ations in a Siber.an stone pine disc and meteor.logical par.meter. wer. made. The CO2 annual distr.butions of seven spr.ce tr.e discs wer. examined by the Cater.iller.SSA method. Wood samples of Siber.an stone pine and spr.ce tr.es wer. taken fr.m the same site in Tomsk r.gion （Siber.a, r.ssia） that char.cter.zed by an optimum gr.wth habitat. Conclusions ar. made r.gar.ing the r.sponse of the annual CO2 and H2O conifer.disc tr.e r.ng distr.butions to differ.nt climatic factor..

关键词： H2O CO2 cyclicity tr.e r.ngs laser.photoacoustic gas analysis climate r.sponse

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在聚氯乙烯—聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系中的相平衡

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聚氯乙烯 1982年第3期 121-123页

作者： A.E.Chalykh ,I.N.sapozhnikova ,马刘武上海天原化工厂

聚合物溶液热力学理论发展至今已能用以予言以高分子成份为基础的混合物的行为。然而,在含有PVC成份的多种复合体内,聚合物对聚合物体系的相平衡,实际上还未得到研究。为了作出相态图,作者创造了聚合物成份之间接触区域的扩散分析方法... 详细信息

聚合物溶液热力学理论发展至今已能用以予言以高分子成份为基础的混合物的行为。然而,在含有PVC成份的多种复合体内,聚合物对聚合物体系的相平衡,实际上还未得到研究。为了作出相态图,作者创造了聚合物成份之间接触区域的扩散分析方法。我们进行了PVC—PMMA体系中相平衡及其与某一成分分子量的依赖性的系统研究。

关键词：相平衡 PVC 热力学平衡 PMMA 聚合物大分子化合物

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