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Amur tiger conservation education program:A pilot study on program effectiveness

Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 403-407页

作者： Anna S.MUKHACHEvA vasilissa v.DERUGINA Galina D.MAKSIMOvA sv.tlana v.soutyrina Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik Primorskii KraiTerneiRussia Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Youth Creative Arts Center of Ternei Uragus Ecological ClubTerneiPrimorskii KraiRussia

Anthropogenic impacts are the primary threats to Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and their *** living in proximity to tigers tend to view them negatively and,often,as a source of revenue on black *** aim to reduce human–tiger conflict by working with young students of Ternei County in the heart of tiger habitat in Primorskii Krai(Province).To inform and influence Ternei County’s future decision-makers,we developed“Safe Conduct”,a year-long education program held in 6 villages,culminating in a multi-school *** tested the efficacy of Safe Conduct as a potential model for tiger conservation educational *** measured levels of student knowledge about tiger ecology,their attitude towards tigers,and their willingness to engage in tiger conservation activites prior to,immediately after and 6 months following the completion of our *** supported the fundamental premise of Safe Conduct that knowledge and attitude towards tigers are *** of tiger ecology and attitude towards tigers increased by the project’s completion;both remained high after 6 ***,commitment to participation in conservation efforts rose temporarily post-program and then *** varied by *** recommend that the reasons for the high performance measures of students in 2 villages be investigated,and that lessons learned be applied to villages that *** Conduct represents a potential model for environmental education programs in Ternei County and elsewhere to educate future generations,to eventually develop a strong commitment to Amur tiger conservation at the community level.

关键词： Amur tiger behavior change conservation children education programs

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Population dynamics of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik:1966–2012

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 315-328页

作者： Dale G.MIQUELLE Evgeny N.SMIRNOv Olga Yu.ZAUMYSLOvA sv.tlana v.soutyrina Douglas H.JOHNSON Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik TerneiPrimorskii KraiRussia USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Saint PaulMinnesotaUSA

In 2010,the world’s tiger(Panthera tigris)range countries agreed to the goal of doubling tiger numbers over 12 years,but whether such an increase is biologically feasible has not been ***-term monitoring of tigers in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik(SABZ),Russia provided an opportunity to determine growth rates of a recovering population.A 41-year growth phase was followed by a rapid decline in tiger *** growth rates during the growth phase averaged 4.6%,beginning near 10%in the earliest years but quickly dropping below 5%.Sex ratio(females per male)mirrored growth rates,declining as population size *** rapid decline from 2009 to 2012 appeared to be tied to multiple factors,including poaching,severe winters and *** indicators of this population are similar to those of Bengal tiger populations,suggesting that growth rates may be *** results suggest that,first,tiger populations likely in general grow slowly:3–5%yearly increases are realistic and larger growth rates are likely only when populations are highly depressed,mortality rates are low and prey populations are high relative to numbers of adult ***,while more research is needed,it should not be assumed that tiger populations with high prey densities will necessarily grow more quickly than populations with low prey ***,while growth is slow,decline can be ***,because declines can happen so quickly,there is a constant need to monitor populations and be ready to respond with appropriate and timely conservation interventions if tiger populations are to remain ***,an average annual growth rate across all tiger populations of 6%,required to reach the Global Tiger Initiative’s goal of doubling tiger numbers in 12 years,is a noble but unlikely scenario.

关键词： Amur tiger growth rates population dynamics

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Canine distemper virus as a threat to wild tigers in Russia and across their range

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 329-343页

作者： Martin GILBERT sv.tlana v.soutyrina Ivan v.SERYODKIN Nadezhda SULIKHAN Olga v.UPHYRKINA Mikhail GONCHARUK Louise MATTHEWS Sarah CLEAvELAND Dale G.MIQUELLE Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Pacific Geographical Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Far Eastern Federal University VladivostokRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik LazoPrimorskii KraiRussia

Canine distemper virus(CDv)has recently been identified in populations of wild tigers in Russia and *** populations are generally too small to maintain CDv for long periods,but are at risk of infections arising from more abundant susceptible hosts that constitute a reservoir of *** CDv is an additive mortality factor,it could represent a significant threat to small,isolated tiger *** Russia,CDv was associated with the deaths of tigers in 2004 and 2010,and was coincident with a localized decline of tigers in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik(from 25 tigers in 2008 to 9 in 2012).Habitat continuity with surrounding areas likely played an important role in promoting an ongoing *** recommend steps be taken to assess the presence and the impact of CDv in all tiger range states,but should not detract focus away from the primary threats to tigers,which include habitat loss and fragmentation,poaching and retaliatory *** priorities include:(i)recognition and diagnosis of clinical cases of CDv in tigers when they occur;and(ii)collection of baseline data on the health of wild *** infection of individual tigers need not imply a conservation threat,and modeling should complement disease surveillance and targeted research to assess the potential impact to tiger populations across the range of ecosystems,population densities and climate extremes occupied by *** the role of domestic and wild carnivores as contributors to a local CDv reservoir is an important precursor to considering control measures.

关键词： canine distemper virus conservation threat extinction Panthera tigris altaica population decline

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Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas:A case study for Russian Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)reserves

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 2-15页

作者： Michiel H.H.HÖTTE Igor A.KOLODIN Sergei L.BEREZNUK Jonathan C.SLAGHT Linda L.KERLEY sv.tlana v.soutyrina Galina P.SALKINA Olga Y.ZAUMYSLOvA Emma J.STOKES Dale G.MIQUELLE Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Phoenix Fund VladivostokRussian Federation Zoological Society of London Regent’s ParkLondonEngland Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation Lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation Department of Ecology Far Eastern Federal UniversityAyaksRusski Island

Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART,measures of success are ill-defined and,to date,few reports detail results ***,we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Russia,in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at *** ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km^(2)at each *** predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and,subsequently,tiger *** used short-term and long-term indicators of success,including:(i)patrol team effort and effectiveness;(ii)catch per unit effort indicators(to measure reductions in threats);and(iii)changes in target species *** addition to implementing a monitoring system,we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management *** 4 years,we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in *** we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers,tiger populations remained stable or increased,suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey *** effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted,and more time is needed before detecting responses in target ***,delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and *** monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas.

关键词： adaptive patrol management Amur tiger anti-poaching law enforcement monitoring SMART

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