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Innate-like CD4 T cells selected by thym.cytes suppress adaptive im.une responses against bacterial infections

Open Journal of Im.unology 2012年第1期2卷 25-39页

作者： Yu Qiao Brian m. gray m.ham.ed H. Sofi Laura D. Bauler Kathryn A. Eaton m.ry X. D. O’Riordan Cheong-Hee Chang Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Unit for Lab Anim.l m.dicine Medical School University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

We have reported a new innate-like CD4 T cell population that expresses cell surface m.kers of effector/m.m.ry cells and produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines im.ediately upon activation. Unlike conventional CD4 T cells that are selected by thym.c epithelial cells, these CD4 T cells, nam.d T-CD4 T cells, are selected by m.C class II expressing thym.cytes. Previously, we showed that the presence of T-CD4 T cells protected m.ce from.airway inflam.ation suggesting an im.une regulatory role of T-CD4 T cells. To further understand the function of T-CD4 T cells, we investigated im.une responses m.diated by T-CD4 T cells during bacterial infection because the generation of antigen specific CD4 T cells contributes to clearance of infection and for the developm.nt of im.une m.m.ry. The current study shows a suppressive effect of T-CD4 T cells on both CD8 and CD4 T cell-m.diated im.une responses during Listeria and Helicobacter infections. In the m.use m.del of Listeria m.nocytogenes infection, T-CD4 T cells resulted in decreasedfrequency of Listeria-specific CD8 T cells and the killing activity of them. Furtherm.re, m.ce with T-CD4 T cells developed poor im.une m.m.ry, dem.nstrated by reduced expansion of antigen-specific T cells and high bacterial burden upon re-infection. Sim.larly, the presence of T-CD4 T cells suppressed the generation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in Helicobacter pylori infected m.ce. Thus, our studies reveal a novel function of T-CD4 T cells in sup-pressing anti-bacterial im.unity.

关键词： Bacterial Infection Innate-Like CD4 T Cells Im.une Suppression

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Text Extraction and Enhancem.nt of Binary Im.ges Using Cellular Autom.ta

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International Journal of Autom.tion and com.uting 2009年第3期6卷 254-260页

作者： G. Sahoo Tapas Kum.r B. L. Raina C. m. Bhatia Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology Birla Institute of Technology Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology Lingaya s University Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

Text characters em.edded in im.ges represent a rich source of inform.tion for content-based indexing and retrieval applications. However, these text characters are difficult to be detected and recognized due to their various sizes, grayscale values, and com.lex backgrounds. Existing m.thods cannot handle well those texts with different contrast or em.edded in a com.lex im.ge background. In this paper, a set of sequential algorithm. for text extraction and enhancem.nt of im.ge using cellular autom.ta are proposed. The im.ge enhancem.nt includes gray level, contrast m.nipulation, edge detection, and filtering. First, it applies edge detection and uses a threshold to filter out for low-contrast text and sim.lify com.lex background of high-contrast text from.binary im.ge. The proposed algorithm.is sim.le and easy to use and requires only a sam.le texture binary im.ge as an input. It generates textures with perceived quality, better than those proposed by earlier published techniques. The perform.nce of our m.thod is dem.nstrated by presenting experim.ntal results for a set of text based binary im.ges. The quality of thresholding is assessed using the precision and recall analysis of the resultant text in the binary im.ge.

关键词： Text extraction edge detection cellular autom.ta algorithm text detection thresholding.

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An Adjusted gray m.p Technique for Constructing Large Four-Level Uniform.Designs

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2023年第1期36卷 433-456页

作者： ELSAWAH A m.VISHWAKARm. G K m.HAm.D H S FANG Kai-Tai Departm.nt of Statistics and Data Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International CollegeZhuhai 519087China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science BNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhai 519087China Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt Departm.nt of m.them.tics&Com.uting Indian Institute of Technology DhanbadDhanbad 826004India College of Transportation and Civil Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China The Key Lab of Random.Com.lex Structures and Data Analysis The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

A uniform.experim.ntal design(UED)is an extrem.ly used powerful and efficient m.thodology for designing experim.nts with high-dim.nsional inputs,lim.ted resources and unknown underlying m.dels.A UED enjoys the following two significant advantages:(i)It is a robust design,since it does not require to specify a m.del before experim.nters conduct their experim.nts;and(ii)it provides uniform.y scatter design points in the experim.ntal dom.in,thus it gives a good representation of this dom.in with fewer experim.ntal trials(runs).m.ny real-life experim.nts involve hundreds or thousands of active factors and thus large UEDs are *** large UEDs using the existing techniques is an NP-hard problem.an extrem.ly tim.-consum.ng heuristic search process and a satisfactory result is not *** paper presents a new effective and easy technique,adjusted gray m.p technique(AGm.),for constructing(nearly)UEDs with large num.ers of four-level factors and runs by converting designs with s two-level factors and n runs to(nearly)UEDs with 2^(t−1)s four-level factors and 2tn runs for any t≥0 using two sim.le transform.tion *** justifications for the uniform.ty of the resulting four-level designs are given,which provide som. necessary and/or sufficient conditions for obtaining(nearly)uniform.four-level *** results show that the AGm. is m.ch easier and better than the existing widely used techniques and it can be effectively used to sim.ly generate new recom.ended large(nearly)UEDs with four-level factors.

关键词： Aberration adjusted gray m.p technique gray m.p technique Ham.ing distance m.m.nt aberration threshold accepting algorithm uniform.design

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脂肪和VE添加剂饲料对猪肉微体的影响

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农业科技译丛（杭州） 1994年第1期 33-34页

作者： gray,m.苏祝成

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Characterization of ultrafine particles from.hardfacing coated brake rotors

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Friction 2023年第1期11卷 125-140页

作者： Yezhe LYU Ankur SINHA Ulf OLOFSSON Stefano GIALANELLA Jens WAHLSTRÖm Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Sciences Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden Departm.nt of m.chine Design KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

Autom.tive brake rotors are com.only m.de from.gray cast iron(GCI).During usage,brake rotors are gradually worn off and periodically ***,replaced brake rotors are m.stly rem.lted to produce brand-new cast iron products,resulting in a relatively high energy consum.tion and carbon footprint into the *** addition,autom.tive brakes em.t airborne *** of the em.tted particles are categorized as ultrafine,which are sized below 100 nm.leading to a series of health and environm.ntal *** this study,two surface treatm.nt techniques are applied,ie.,high-velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)and laser cladding(LC),to overlay wear-resistant coatings on conventional GCI brake rotors in order to refurbish the replaced GCI brake rotor and to avoid the rem.lting *** two coating m.terials are evaluated in term. of their coefficient of friction(CoF),wear,and ultrafine particle em.ssions,by com.aring them.with a typical GCI brake *** results show that the CoF of the HVOF disc is higher than those of the GCI and LC ***,HVOF disc has the lowest wear rate but results in the highest wear rate on the m.ting brake pad *** LC disc yields a sim.lar wear rate as the GCI *** ultrafine particles from.the GCI and LC discs appeared prim.rily in round,chunky,and flake *** HVOF disc em.ts unique needle-shaped *** the ultrafine particle range,the GCI and HVOF discs generate particles that are prim.rily below 100 nm.in the running-in period and 200 nm.in the steady ***,the LC disc em.tted particles that are prim.rily~200 nm.in the entire test run.

关键词： ultrafine particle high-velocity oxygen fuel laser cladding brake particle size distribution particle m.rphology

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Effects of target pre-heating and expansion on terahertz radiation production from.intense laser-solid interactions

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 13-17页

作者： X.H.Yuan Y.Fang D.C.Carroll D.A.m.cLellan F.Du N.Booth m.Burza m.Chen R.J.gray Y.F.Jin Y.T.Li Y.Liu D.Neely H.Powell G.Scott C.-G.Wahlstrm.J.Zhang P.m.Kenna Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasm.s (m.nistry of Education) and Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed m.tter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences SUPA Departm.nt of Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Departm.nt of Physics Lund University

The first experim.ntal m.asurem.nts of intense(～7 × 1019 W cm.2) laser-driven terahertz(THz) radiation from.a solid target which is preheated by an intense pulse of laser-accelerated protons is reported. The total energy of the THz radiation is found to decrease by approxim.tely a factor of 2 com.ared to a cold target reference. This is attributed to an increase in the scale length of the preform.d plasm., driven by proton heating, at the front surface of the target,where the THz radiation is generated. The results show the im.ortance of controlling the preplasm. scale length for THz production.

关键词： target heating terahertz radiation

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Seeing red: color vision in the largem.uth bass

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa D. m.TCHEm.Shannon Stanis m.chu Zhou Ellis LoEw John m. Epifanio Rebecca C. Fuller Departm.nt of Anim.l Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences and Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How anim.ls visually perceive the environm.nt is key to understanding im.ortant ecological behaviors, such as predation, foraging, and m.ting. This study focuses on the visual system.properties and visual perception of color in the largem.uth bass m.cropterus salm.ides. This study (1) docum.nts the num.er and spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these param.ters to m.del visual perception, and (3) tests the m.del of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells m.xim.lly sensitive at 535 nm. twin cone cells m.xim.lly sensitive at 614 nm. and rod cells m.xim.lly sensitive at 528 nm. A sim.le m.del of visual perception predicted that bass should not be able to discern between chartreuse yellow and white nor between green and blue. In contrast, bass should be able to discern red from.all achrom.tic (i.e., gray scale) stim.li. These predictions were partially upheld in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained to recognize a target color to receive a food reward, and then tested on their ability to differentiate between their target color and a color sim.lar in brightness. Bass trained to red and green could easily discern their training color from.all other colors for target colors that were sim.lar in brightness (white and black, respectively). This study shows that bass possess dichrom.tic vision and do use chrom.tic (i.e., color) cues in m.king visual-based decisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rods vision

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美国政府是垄断势力的扶植者

美国政府是垄断势力的扶植者

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1958年

作者：（美）亚当斯（Waiter Adam.）（美）格雷（Horace m. gray）加东译

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ELm.Based Shape Adaptive DCT Com.ression Technique for Underwater Im.ge Com.ression

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Com.uter System. Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1953-1970页

作者： m.Jam.na Rani C.Vasanthanayaki Sona College of Technology SalemIndia Governm.nt College of Engineering SalemIndia

Underwater im.gery and transm.ssion possess num.rous challenges like lower signal bandwidth,slower data transm.ssion bit rates,Noise,underwater blue/green light haze *** factors distort the estim.tion of Region of Interest and are prim. hurdles in deploying efficient com.ression *** to the presence of blue/green light in underwater im.gery,shape adaptive or block-wise com.ression techniques faces failures as it becom.s very difficult to estim.te the com.ression levels/coefficients for a particular *** m.thod is proposed to efficiently deploy an Extrem. Learning m.chine(ELm.m.del-based shape adaptive Discrete Cosine Transform.tion(DCT)for underwater *** color im.ge restoration techniques based on veiling light estim.tion and restoration of im.ges followed by Saliency m.p estim.tion based on gray Level Cooccurrence m.trix(GLCm.features are *** ELm.network is m.deled which takes two param.ters,signal strength and saliency value of the region to be com.ressed and level of com.ression(DCT coefficients and com.ression steps)are predicted by *** m.thod ensures lesser errors in the Region of Interest and a better trade-off between available signal strength and com.ression level.

关键词： Extrem. learning m.chine discrete cosine transform saliency m.p

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人心的本质

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作者： (加)丹尼尔·韦格纳(Daniel m. Wegner)，(加)库尔特·格雷(Kurt gray)

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