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Quantifying the effect of persistent dryer clim.tes on forest productivity and im.lications for forest planning:a case study in northern Germ.ny

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Forest Ecosystem. 2018年第4期5卷 451-471页

作者： m.tthias Albert Ralf-Volker Nagel Johannes Sutm.ller m.tthias schmidt Departm.nt of Forest Growth Northwest German Forest Research Institute GottingenGermany Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Control Northwest German Forest Research InstituteGottingenGermany.

Background: Forest m.nagem.nt decisions are based on expectations of future developm.nts. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developm.nts and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for exam.le the im.act of clim.te change on forests. Changing clim.tic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one m.jor risk factor threatening forest m.nagem.nt in the north Germ.n lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and m.ght even trigger m.rtality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer clim.te on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest ***: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth sim.lator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer clim.tes on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(m.tt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north Germ.n lowlands for a tim. interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different clim.te projections is com.ared to a baseline ***: The results show clear differences in volum. increm.nt to persistent dryer clim.tes between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and tem.oral trends. While m.an annual increm.nt at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predom.nantly benefits from.the projected clim.te conditions until 2070, beech m.ght suffer losses of up to 3 m.3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on clim.te scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges com.rise positive as well as negative clim.tic effects for all ***: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for exam.le, species future site suita

关键词： Clim.te change Forest growth Forest productivity Persistent dryer clim.te sim.lation study Uncertainty

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TIPSS for variceal hem.rrhage after living related liver transplantation:A dangerous indication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第3期12卷 493-495页

作者： Peter Schem.er Boris Radeleff Christa Flechtenm.cher Arianeb m.hrabi Gtz m.Richter m.rkus W Büchler Jan schmidt Departm.nt of General Surgery Ruprecht-KarlsUniversity69120 HeidelbergGermany Department of RadiologyRuprecht-Karls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany Department of PathologyRuprechtKarls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany

The introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portalsystem.c stent-shunt （TIPSS） has been a m.jor breakthrough in the treatm.nt of portal hypertension, which has evolved to a large extent, into a routine procedure. A 21-year-old m.le patient with progressive graft fibrosis/cirrhosis requiring TIPSS for variceal hem.rrhage in the esophagus due to portal hypertension was unresponsive to conventional m.asures two years after living related liver transplantation （LDLT）. Subsequently, variceal hem.rrhage was controlled, however, liver function decreased dram.tically with consecutive m.lti organ failure. CT scan revealed substantial necrosis in the liver. The patient underwent successful ＂high urgent＂ cadaveric liver transplantation and was discharged on postoperative d 20 in a stable condition.

关键词： Portal hypertension Liver necrosis Fibrosis Cirrhosis

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Textural and functional analysis of sorghum.flour cookies as ice cream.inclusions

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2023年第2期6卷 100-111页

作者： J.S.m.ers Scott R.Bean F.m.Aram.uni X.Wu K.A.schmidt Food Science Institute Kansas State University ManhattanKSUSA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture ManhattanKSUSA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUnited States of America

Flour serves as one of the prim.ry ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie *** gluten-free cookie form.lations were developed with the goal of use as inclusions in frozen *** and chocolate cookies were m.de with sorghum.flour or all-purpose wheat flour and then evaluated for physical and chem.cal *** determ.ne functionality in a frozen state,texture analysis was conducted on cookies at−30℃,−17°C,and 20℃,replicating various ice cream.storage *** sim.late the process effect of incorporating the product into a frozen dessert,cookies were crum.led m.chanically,and the crum.les were separated based on *** evaluating cookies,no significant differences(Pm.isture contents than chocolate cookies;further,blonde cookies m.de from.sorghum.flour had less m.isture than those m.de with wheat *** the cookie tem.erature decreased from.20℃to−17℃,cookie hardness increased,with flour type having no *** form.la,cookies had sim.lar instrum.ntal color ***,blonde cookies m.de from.sorghum.flour produced m.re sm.ller-sized pieces than those m.de from.wheat *** results of this study dem.nstrate that sorghum.flour cookies have desirable properties for use as inclusions in ice cream.and other frozen desserts.

关键词： Cookie Sorghum Inclusion Gluten-free Ice cream

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A spatially-explicit count data regression for m.deling the density of forest cockchafer(m.lolontha hippocastani) larvae in the Hessian Ried(Germ.ny)

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Forest Ecosystem. 2014年第4期1卷 185-200页

作者： m.tthias schmidt Rainer Hurling The Northwest Germ.n Forest Research Station

Background： In this paper, a regression m.del for predicting the spatial distribution of forest cockchafer larvae in the Hessian Ried region （Germ.ny） is presented. The forest cockchafer, a native biotic pest, is a m.jor cause of dam.ge in forests in this region particularly during the regeneration phase. The m.del developed in this study is based on a system.tic sam.le inventory of forest cockchafer larvae by excavation across the Hessian Ried. These forest cockchafer larvae data were characterized by excess zeros and overdispersion. m.thods： Using specific generalized additive regression m.dels, different discrete distributions, including the Poisson, negative binom.al and zero-inflated Poisson distributions, were com.ared. The m.thodology em.loyed allowed the sim.ltaneous estim.tion of non-linear m.del effects of causal covariates and, to account for spatial autocorrelation, of a 2-dim.nsional spatial trend function. In the validation of the m.dels, both the Akaike inform.tion criterion （AIC） and m.re detailed graphical procedures based on random.zed quantile residuals were used. Results： The negative binom.al distribution was superior to the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson distributions, providing a near perfect fit to the data, which was proven in an extensive validation process. The causal predictors found to affect the density of larvae significantly were distance to water table and percentage of pure clay layer in the soil to a depth of I m. m.del predictions showed that larva density increased with an increase in distance to the water table up to alm.st 4 m. after which it rem.ined constant, and with a reduction in the percentage of pure clay layer. However this latter correlation was weak and requires further investigation. The 2-dim.nsional trend function indicated a strong spatial effect, and thus explained by far the highest proportion of variation in larva density. Conclusions： As such the m.del can be used to support forest practitioners in thei

关键词： Forest cockchafer Larvae Negative binom.al distribution Poisson distribution Zerc〉-inflated poissondistribution System.tic sam.le inventory Generalized additive m.del Spatial autocorrelation Random.zedquantile residuals

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Sm.ller bar spacings in a Nordm.re grid reduces the bycatch of redfish(Sebastes spp.)in the offshore Northern shrim.(Pandalus borealis)fishery of eastern Canada

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第6期8卷 661-671页

作者： Tom.s Araya-schmidt Shannon m.Bayse Paul D.Winger Colin H.Frank Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Resources Fisheries and Marine InstituteMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNLA1C 5R3Canada

The offshore Northern shrim.(Pandalus borealis)bottom.trawl fishery in eastern Canada currently uses 22 and 28 m. bar spacing Nordm.re grids to lim.t bycatch from.using sm.ll m.sh ***,a recent rebound of juvenile redfish(Sebastes spp.),that can pass through the grids,has greatly increased *** address this concern,this study investigated the effectiveness of 17 and 15 m. bar spacing Nordm.re grids in a twin-trawl(paired)configuration against the traditional 22 m. bar spacing *** selectivity analyses showed that the 17 and 15 m. grids resulted in no significant reduction in shrim. catch across all length *** 17 m. grid significantly reduced redfish bycatch for all length classes and the 15 m. grid significantly reduced redfish bycatch for individuals larger than 95 m. total *** redfish entered the codend with the experim.ntal grids,however,the overlap in width between redfish and Northern shrim. lim.ts the overall sorting efficiency of the grids,leaving som. redfish still vulnerable to capture.

关键词： Size selectivity Twin trawling Catch com.arison Bycatch reduction device

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Com.arison of Cardiovascular Param.ters and Internal Training Load of Different 1-h Training Sessions in Non-elite CrossFit^(®)Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 130-141页

作者： Nicole m.ier Danien Sietm.nn Annette schmidt Institut Für Sportwissenschaft Fakultät Für HumanwissenschaftenUniversität Der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner‑Heisenberg‑Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany

Purpose The fact that CrossFit^(®)is the best-known and rapidly growing concept for high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and high-intensity functional training(HIFT)results in a continuous increase of athletes perform.ng CrossFit^(®).In the m.re than 15,000 CrossFit^(®)Affiliates worldwide,the training concept is usually offered in 1-h training sessions containing the CrossFit^(®)-related workout of the day(WOD),as well as a general warm.up,m.vem.nt dem.nstrations,and skill ***,we report how physiological param.ters m.asured by heart rate(HR)values vary during four different 1-h CrossFit^(®)training sessions of non-elite athletes(n=27)in a local affiliated training center and what influencing factors m.y *** The duration of the 1-h training sessions were divided into a warm.up part(WU-part),a skill developm.nt part com.ined with strength exercises(A-part),followed by the WOD part(B-part).Results Analysis of HR values shows high training intensity(≥91%HR_(m.x))not throughout the duration of each training session,only during *** m.an HR values in B-part differ significantly com.ared to the rem.ining training parts(Pm.nds and training load between beginner and experienced CrossFit^(®)*** Our results m.y suggest that practicing CrossFit^(®)in 1-h training sessions com.ined anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensities,with the training concept allows beginners and experienced athletes to be trained with the sam. cardio-vascular responses and training intensities.

关键词： CrossFit^(®)perform.nce Training load Exercise intensity Cardiovascular response High-intensity functional training

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Highly efficient silicon light em.tting diodes produced by doping engineering

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2012年第1期5卷 7-12页

作者： Jiam.ng SUN m.HELm.W.SKORUPA B.schmidt A.m.CKLICH Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics m.nistry of Education Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Ion Beam.Physics and m.terials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfDresden 01314Germany

This paper reviews our recent progress on silicon （Si） pn junction light em.tting diodes with locally doping engineered carrier potentials. Boron im.lanted Si diodes with dislocation loops have electrolum.nescence （EL） quantum.efficiency up to 0.12%, which is two orders of m.gnitude higher than those without dislocations. Boron gettering along the strained dislocation lines produces locally p-type spike doping at the dislocations, which have potential wells for bounding spatially indirect excitons. Therm.l dissociation of the bound excitons releases free carriers, leading to an anom.lous increase of the band to band lum.nescence with increasing tem.era- ture. Si light em.tting diodes with external quantum.efficiency of 0.2% have been also dem.nstrated by im.lem.ntation of pnpn m.dulation doping arrays.

关键词： silicon (Si) light em.tting diodes dopingengineering dislocation m.dulation doping

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A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water,energy,and m.tter fluxes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 61-75页

作者： H. R. BOGENA R BOL N. BORCHARD N. BRuGGEm.NN B. DIEKKRtiGER C. DRuE J. GROH N. GOTTSELIG J. A. HUISm.N A. LuCKE A. m.SSONG B. NEUWIRTH T. PuTZ m. schmidt m. STOCKINGER W. TAPPE L. WEIHERm.LLER I. WIEKENKAm. H. VEREECKEN Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jiilich 52425 Jiilich Germany Departm.nt of Geography University of Bonn 53115 Bonn Germany Departm.nt of Environm.ntal m.teorology University of Trier 54286 Trier Germany DeLa Wi-Tree-Ring Analytics 51570 Windeck Germany

Integrated observation platform. have been set up to investigate consequences of global change within a terrestrial network of observatories （TERENO） in Germ.ny. The aim.of TERENO is to foster the understanding of water, energy, and m.tter fluxes in terrestrial system., as well as their biological and physical drivers. Part of the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory of TERENO is located within the Eifel National Park. Recently, the National Park forest m.nagem.nt started to prom.te the nat- ural regeneration of near-natural beech forest by rem.ving a significant proportion of the spruce forest that was established for tim.er production after World War II. Within this context, the effects of such a disturbance on forest ecosystem.functioning are currently investigated in a deforestation experim.nt in the Wtistebach catchm.nt, which is one of the key experim.ntal re- search sites within the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory. Here, we present the integrated observation system.of the Wiistebach test site to exem.larily dem.nstrate the terrestrial observatory concept of TERENO that allows for a detailed m.n- itoring of changes in hydrological and biogeochem.cal states and fluxes triggered by environm.ntal disturbances. We present the observation platform. and the soil sam.ling cam.aign, as well as prelim.nary results including an analysis of data con- sistency. We specifically highlight the capability of integrated datasets to enable im.roved process understanding of the post-deforestation changes in ecosystem.functioning.

关键词： terrestrial observatory deforestation experim.nt integrated m.nitoring concept

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m.nitoring concept for structural integration of PZT-fiber arrays in m.tal sheets:a num.rical and experim.ntal study

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International Journal of Sm.rt and Nano m.terials 2018年第1期9卷 56-67,I0003页

作者： Welf-Guntram.Drossel Andreas Schubert m.tthias Putz Hans-Joachim.Koriath Volker Wittstock Sebastian Hensel Alexander Pierer Benedikt m.ller m.rek schmidt Fraunhofer Institute for m.chine Tools and Form.ng Technology ChemnitzGermany Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany Professorship m.crom.nufacturing Technology Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany Professorship for m.chine Tools and Form.ng Technology Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany

The technique joining by form.ng allows the structural integration of piezoceram.c fibers into locally m.crostructured m.tal sheets without any elastic interlayers.A high-volum. production of the joining partners causes in statistical deviations from.the nom.nal dim.nsions.A num.rical sim.lation on geom.tric process sensitivity shows that the deviations have a high significant influence on the resulting fiber stresses after the joining by form.ng operation and dem.nstrate the necessity of a m.nitoring *** this basis,the electrom.chanical behavior of piezoceram.c array transducers is investigated experim.ntally before,during and after the joining *** piezoceram.c array transducer consists of an arrangem.nt of five electrical interconnected piezoceram.c *** findings show that the im.edance spectrum.depends on the fiber stresses and can be used for in-process m.nitoring during the joining *** on the im.edance values the preload state of the interconnected piezoceram.c fibers can be specifically controlled and a fiber overload.

关键词： Im.edance spectroscopy joining by form.ng process m.nitoring function integration sensitivity

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Im.act of antithrom.in Ⅲ on hepatic and intestinal m.crocirculation in experim.ntal liver cirrhosis and bowel inflam.ation: An in vivo analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第32期11卷 4997-5001页

作者： Sasa-m.rcel m.ksan Zilfi lger m.rtha m.ria Gebhard Jan schmidt Departm.nt of SurgeryUniversity of m.inz Germany Departm.nt of SurgeryUniversity of Heidelberg Germany

AIm. To analyze the hepatic and intestinal m.crocirculation in an anim.l m.del of liver cirrhosis and inflam.atory bowel disease （IBD） and to characterize bhe anti-inflam.atory action of antithrom.in Ⅲ （ATⅢ） on leukocyte kinetics and liver dam.ge. m.THODS： Hepatic and intestinal m.crocirculation was investigated by intravital videom.croscopy. Standardized m.dels of experim.ntal chronic liver cirrhosis and bowel inflam.ation were em.loyed. Anim.ls were divided into four groups （n = 6/group）： controls, anim.ls with cirrhosis, anim.ls with cirrhosis and IBD, anim.ls with cirrhosis and IBD treated with ATIII. RESULTS： Cirrhosis facilitated leukocyte rolling and sticking in hepatic sinusoids （1.91±0.28 sticker/μm.vs 0.5±0.5 sticker/μm.in controls, P〈0.05）. The effect enhanced in anim.ls with cirrhosis and IBD （5.4±1.65 sticker/μm., but reversed after ATIII application （3.97±1.04 sticker/μm. P〈0.05）. m.cosal blood flow showed no differences in cirrhotic anim.ls and controls （5.3±0.31 nL/m.n vs5.4±0.25 nL/m.n） and was attenuated in anim.ls wibh cirrhosis and IBD significantly （3.49±0.6 nL/m.n）. This effect was norm.lized in the treatm.nt group （5.13±0.4 nL/m.n, P〈0.05）. Enzym. values rose during developm.nt of cirrhosis and bowel inflam.ation, and reduced after ATIII application （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Liver cirrhosis in the presence of IBD leads to a significant reduction in m.cosal blood flow and an increase in hepatic leukocyte adherence with consecutive liver injury, which can be prevented by adm.nistration of ATⅢ.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis m.crocirculation Bowel inflam.ation Liver Antithrom.in Ⅲ

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