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Biotechnology—Updates and New Developments

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 32-39页

作者： sushila K.CHANG Director CentreforLifeSciences&ChemicalTechnology

Areas of priority for intensive discovery would be the agbiotechnology and biomedical sectors using gene technology as a platform. The use of genetic manipulation in farming and the use of plants as ‘pharma’ factories to manufacture therapeutics would be on the rise. The human genome will continue to have a powerful impact on research and development of human diseases and healthcare. Discovery of genetics and pharmacogenomics will have great impact on drug development and will allow the prediction of the patient's response to various drugs as well as the onset of individualised or ‘designer drugs’. Human stem cells could have their cellular clocks reset by the cloning process, enhancing opportunities to grow young cells, tissues and organs for an aging population. The cellular clock could also be reset by therapeutic cloning. Bioinformatics would be a technology which would be synonymous with biotechnology. The analyses of biotechnology research would be conducted in silico and would involve the exchange of information among sophisticated computer databases. Applications of biotechnology would be even more evident in environmental technology, food development and food processing. In electronics, the use of the specificity of proteins in biochips is underway. In tandem with the explosions in research, regulatory issues, legislation and intellectual property rights will evolve to enhance the climate of discovery and innovation. Public education will have to be continually enhanced as awareness could negate any fear resulting from novel and innovative improvements from biotechnology.

关键词： Food Technology Agriculture Biotechnology Databases Factual Genetic Engineering Human Genome Project Humans Information Services Public Opinion Public Policy

In-vitro cytotoxic activity of β-Sitosterol triacontenate isolated from Capparis decidua(Forsk.) Edgew

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第3期5卷 225-230页

作者： Permender Rathee Dharmender Rathee Deepti Rathee sushila Rathee Department of Quality Assurance & Natural Products PDM College of PharmacyBahadurgarhIndia Department of Natural Products JCDM College of PharmacySirsaIndia

Objective:To study the isolation and characterization of the constituent responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of stem of Capparis decidua（***）.Methods:The preliminary cytotoxic effect of isolated compound（β-Sitosterol triacontenate） was investigated by MTT assay on A549 solid tumor ***:IC50 value of theβ-Sitosterol triacontenate was found to be 1μ*** cytotoxic activity increased in a dose dependent manner in case ofβ-Sitosterol ***:The data therefore provide direct evidence for the role ofβ-Sitosterol triacontenate as a potent antimetastatic agent,which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant cells.

关键词： Kair Capparis decidua Capparidaceae β-Sitosterol triacontenate Anticancer activity

Bioprinting of Small-Diameter Blood Vessels

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Engineering 2021年第6期7卷 832-844页

作者： Xia Cao sushila Maharjan Ramla Ashfaq Jane Shin Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02139USA

There has been an increasing demand for bioengineered blood vessels for utilization in both regenerative medicine and drug ***,the availability of a true bioengineered vascular graft remains ***-dimensional(3D)bioprinting presents a potential approach for fabricating blood vessels or vascularized tissue constructs of various architectures and sizes for transplantation and *** this review,we summarize the basic biology of different blood vessels,as well as 3D bioprinting approaches and bioink designs that have been applied to fabricate vascular and vascularized tissue constructs,with a focus on small-diameter blood vessels.

关键词： Bioprinting Small-diameter blood vessel Bioink Vascular engineering

An efficient analytical technique for fractional partial differential equations occurring in ion acoustic waves in plasma

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2019年第2期4卷 85-99页

作者： Amit Goswami Jagdev Singh Devendra Kumar Sumit Gupta sushila Department of Physics Jagan Nath UniversityJaipur 303901RajasthanIndia Department of Mathematics JECRC UniversityJaipur 303905RajasthanIndia Department of Mathematics University of RajasthanJaipur 302004RajasthanIndia Department of Mathematics Swami Keshvanand Institute of TechnologyManagement and GramothanRamnagariaJaipur 302017RajasthanIndia Department of Physics Vivekananda Global UniversityJaipur 303012RajasthanIndia

In this work,we apply an efficient analytical algorithm namely homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method(HPSTM)to find the exact and approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear time-fractional regularized long wave(RLW)*** RLW equations describe the nature of ion acoustic waves in plasma and shallow water waves in *** derived results are very significant and imperative for explaining various physical *** suggested method basically demonstrates how two efficient techniques,the Sumudu transform scheme and the homotopy perturbation technique can be integrated and applied to find exact and approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear time-fractional RLW *** nonlinear expressions can be simply managed by application of He’s *** result shows that the HPSTM is very powerful,efficient,and simple and it eliminates the round-off *** has been observed that the proposed technique can be widely employed to examine other real world problems.

关键词： Sumudu transform scheme Homotopy perturbation technique RLW equations Ion acoustic wave Shallow water waves in oceans.

Wandering spleen:a surgical enigma

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第3期5卷 241-243,I0003页

作者： Ashok Kumar Puranik Rohit Mehra sushila Chauhan Rahul Pandey Department of Surgery Command HospitalPuneMaharashtraIndia Department of Surgery Armed Forces Medical CollegePuneMaharashtraIndia

Wandering spleen,also referred to as‘ptotic spleen’,is a rare clinical condition characterized by splenicmigration form its normal left hypochondrial position to any other abdominal or pelvic *** themultifactorial etiologies proposed,laxity of the spleen’s primary supporting ligaments is themost agreed-upon *** present one rare case of wandering spleen in an 11-year-old girl who presented with recurrent abdominal pain with no localizing *** abdominal examination revealed an intra-abdominal left iliac fossa lump with restrictedmobility,which was confirmed as a wandering spleen by abdominal sonography and contrast-enhanced computed ***,an infarcted spleen was encountered with tortuous,elongated,torsional splenic pedicle and a single dense adhesive band with descending *** was offered to the ***-operatively,the patient is healthy and symptom free at one-year *** rare clinical diagnosis of this condition,particularly in the paediatric age-group,makes it an enigma for the surgical world.

关键词： wandering spleen splenic ligaments torsion

A hepatocellular carcinoma–bone metastasis-on-a-chip model for studying thymoquinone-loaded anticancer nanoparticles

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2020年第3期3卷 189-202页

作者： Fatemeh Sharifi Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas Aslihan Kazan sushila Maharjan Saghi Saghazadeh Keikhosrow Firoozbakhsh Bahar Firoozabadi Yu Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMAUSA School of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehranIran Department of Bioengineering Faculty of EngineeringEge UniversityBernovaIzmirTurkey

We report the development of a metastasis-on-a-chip platform to model and track hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-bone metastasis and to analyze the inhibitory effect of an herb-based compound,thymoquinone(TQ),in hindering the migration of liver cancer cells into the bone *** bioreactor consisted of two chambers,one accommodating encapsulated HepG2 cells and one bone-mimetic niche containing hydroxyapatite(HAp).Above these chambers,amicroporous membrane was placed to resemble the vascular barrier,where medium was circulated over the *** was observed that the liver cancer cells proliferated inside the tumor microtissue and disseminated from the HCC chamber to the circulatory flow and eventually entered the bone *** number of metastatic HepG2 cells to the bone compartment was remarkably higher in the presence of HAp in the *** was then used as ametastasis-controlling agent in both free form and encapsulated nanoparticles,to analyze its suppressing effect on HCC *** indicated that the nanoparticle-encapsulated TQ provided a longer period of inhibitory *** summary,HCC-bone metastasis-on-a-chip platform was demonstrated to model certain key aspects of the cancer metastasis process,hence corroborating the potential of enabling investigations on metastasis-associated biology as well as improved anti-metastatic drug screening.

关键词： Tumor-on-a-chip Organ-on-a-chip Hydroxyapatite Hepatocellular carcinoma Thymoquinone

3D human nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis and fibrosis models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2021年第2期4卷 157-170页

作者： sushila Maharjan Diana Bonilla Princy Sindurakar Hongbin Li Wanlu Li Sergio Duarte Ali Zarrinpar Y.Shrike Zhang Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School65 Landsdowne StCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Biology College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA 01610USA Department of Surgery University of Florida1600 SW Archer RdGainesvilleFL 32610USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

This study presents a simple and robust three-dimensional human hepatic tissue model to emulate steatotic and fibrotic conditions and provide an in vitro model for drug testing and mechanistic *** a photolithographic biofabrication method with a photomask featuring hexagonal units,liver cells,including a human hepatic cell line(HepG2-C3A)and a human hepatic stellate cell line(LX-2)were embedded in gelatin methacryloyl *** steatosis was induced by supraphysiological concentration of free fatty acids;hepatic fibrosis was induced by transforming growth factor-β*** of steatosis was confirmed by Oil Red O and BODIPY staining and was inhibited with toyocamycin and obeticholic *** of fibrosis was confirmed by immunostaining for collagen type I and alpha smooth muscle actin and inhibited by rapamycin and curcumin *** model was further preliminarily validated using primary human hepatocytes in a similar *** constructs provide a viable,biologically relevant,and higher throughput model of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and may facilitate the study of the mechanisms of disease and testing of liver-directed drugs.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA) Photocrosslinking Steatosis

Retake the Center Stage-New Development of Rat Genetics

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第6期39卷 261-268页

作者： Sushuang Zheng Kindiya Geghman sushila Shenoy Chenjian Li Departntent of Neunrology. Friedman Brain Institute Mt. Sinai School of Medicine Box 1137 New York NY 10029 USA College of Life Sciences Peking Univetsitv Beijing 100871 China

The rat is a powerful model for the study of human physiology and diseases, and is prefened by physiologists, neuroscientists and toxicologists. However, the lack of robust genetic modification tools has severely limited the generation of rat genetic models over the last two decades. In the last few years, several gene-targeting strategies have been developed in rats using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU）, transposons, zinc-finger nucleases （ZFNs）, bacterial a11ificial chromosome （BAC） mediated transgenesis, and recently established rat embryonic stem （ES） cells. The development and improvement of these approaches to genetic manipulation have created a bright future lbr the use of genetic rat models in investigations of gene function and human diseases. Here, we summarize the strategies used for rat genetic manipulation in current research. We also discuss BAC transgenesis as a potential tool in rat transgenic models.

关键词： Rat model BAC Knockout rat Transgenic rat Mutagenesis

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of non-English versions of Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale for screening post-natal depression in India:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 71-80页

作者： Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell Swetha Madhuri Chikkala Richa Earnest Shonima Aynipully Viswanathan sushila Russell Priya Mary Mammen Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit Department of PsychiatryChristian Medical CollegeVellore 632002India

BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-natal depression(PND)is high in India,as it is in many other low to middle income *** is an urgent need to identify PND and treat the mother as early as *** the many paper and pencil tests available to identify PND,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)is a widely used and validated measure in ***,the summary diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility data are not available for this *** To establish summary data for the global diagnostic accuracy parameter as well as the clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in *** Two researchers independently searched the PubMed,EMBASE,MEDKNOW and IndMED databases for published papers,governmental publications,conference proceedings and grey literature from *** studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of EPDS in five Indian languages against DSM/ICD were included in the final *** other investigators extracted the Participants’details,Index measures,Comparative reference measures,and Outcomes of diagnostic accuracy data,and appraised the study quality using ***’s plots were used to evaluate publication *** used the area under the curve of the hierarchical summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,with the random effect model,to summarize the global diagnostic accuracy of *** the 2×2 table,we calculated positive and negative likelihood *** the likelihood ratios,the Fagan’s nomogram was built for evaluating clinical utility using the Bayesian *** calculated the 95%confidence interval(95%CI)whenever ***(version 15)with MIDAS and METANDI modules were *** There was no publication *** area under the curve for EPDS was 0.97(95%CI:0.95-0.98).The pre-test probability for the nomogram was 22%.For a positive likelihood ratio of 9,the positive post-test probability was 72%(95%CI:68%,76%)and for a negative LR of 0.08,the negativ

关键词： Clinical-utility Diagnostic-accuracy Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Meta-analysis India Validation