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Fixed Point Theorems for Weakly Contractive Mappings in Ordered Metric Spaces with an Application

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2022年第2期38卷 232-242页

作者： Gopi Prasad Ramesh chandra dimri Department of Mathematics HNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar Garhwal 246174India

In this paper,we prove fixed point theorem for weakly contractive mappings using locally T-transitivity of binary relation and presenting an analogous version of Harjani and Sadarangani theorem involving more general relation theoretic metrical notions.Our fixed point results under universal relation reduces to Harjani and Sadarangani[Nonlinear Anal.,71(2009),3403-3410]fixed point theorems.In this way we also generalize some of the recent fixed point theorems for weak contraction in the existing literature.

关键词： R-continuity locally T-transitive binary relation weakly contractive map

Sequential Damming Induced Winter Season Flash Flood in Uttarakhand Province of India

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第2期3卷 61-71页

作者： Piyoosh Rautela sushil Khanduri Surabhi Kundalia Girish chandra Joshi Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Authority Uttarakhand SecretariatDehradunUttarakhand248001India Department of Rural Development Government of UttarakhandIndia

204 persons were killed while two hydropower projects located in close proximity at Rishiganga(13.2 MW),and Tapoban(520 MW)were damaged in Dhauliganga flood of February 7,2021 in the Indian Himalaya.This incidence occurred during the winter season when the discharge of the glacier fed rivers is minimal,and no rain was experienced in the region around the time of the flood.Despite discharge of the main river,Rishiganga,not involved in the flood due to damming upstream of its confluence with Raunthi Gadhera,based on field evidences massive volume of around 6 million cu m water involved in this flood is attributed to sequential intermittent damming at three different places;(i)Raunthi Gadhera was dammed first in its upper reaches,(ii)Rishiganga river was then dammed to the north of Murunna,and(iii)finally Dhauliganga river was dammed around Rini village to the upstream of its confluence with Rishiganga river.Lacking warning system only enhanced the flood-induced devastation.Legally binding disaster risk assessment regime,together with robust warning generation,and dissemination infrastructure are therefore recommended for all major infrastructure projects.

关键词： Himalaya Uttarakhand Flash flood Landslide dam Landslide lake outburst flood(LLOF) Dam breach

Understanding gender and its intersection with social stratifiers on prevention and care seeking behavior of lymphatic filariasis in Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 104-104页

作者： Abriti Arjyal Ayuska Parajuli Chandani Kharel Mariam Otmani Del Barrio sushil chandra Baral HERD International Kathmandu Nepal UNICEF UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

BackgroundLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating and painful neglected tropical disease and is one of the leading causes of permanent disability. In many countries, the intersection of gender with various social stratifiers has influenced exposure to LF and ultimately impacting the disease burden and its elimination. This study aimed to explore the influence of gender and its intersection with other social stratifiers for the prevention and care seeking behavior of LF in Nepal.MethodsThis study employed qualitative research methods: in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) for data collection in Bardiya, Nepal. A total of 22 IDIs (11 male, 11 female) and 2 FGDs (1 male and 1 female) were conducted with the community people between January and March 2020. The participants were purposively selected to represent different social stratifiers including age, sex, ethnicity, occupation. The data collected were analyzed using a thematic framework approach with use of intersectional gender analysis matrix.ResultsThe study findings revealed that men spend more time outside their household compared to women while fulfilling their roles and responsibilities, largely determined by societal expectations and gender norms. This resulted in limited access to preventive health services for men, as they often missed annual mass drug administration programme in their community and limited access to preventive methods. Further traditional occupation, specific to particular ethnicity, influenced the vulnerability to LF for certain ethnic groups. The ability to prevent exposure varied among individuals. Although women made decisions regarding the use of protective methods, it was influenced by patriarchal and gender norms. They often felt a responsibility to take care and priorities males and other family members when resources are limited. The intersectionality of gender with other social stratifiers such as marital status, ethnicity, and geographical areas influenced individual’s ability to access informatio

关键词： Gender Intersectionality Lymphatic filariasis Social stratifer Intersectional gender analysis Gender norm Disease vulnerability

Study of Eppler 423 Airfoil with Gurney Flap and Vortex Generators

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2020年第1期5卷 1-19页

作者： sushil chandra Rajan Tyagi Aerospace Engineering Department IIT Bombay Mumbai India

In the past extensive research has been carried out, to study the effect of Gurney flap (GF) on symmetric and cambered airfoil for its usage in low Reynolds number regime. Use of GF at the trailing edge of the airfoil enhances the lift due to increase in the effective camber of the airfoil, which in turn improves the aerodynamic efficiency i.e. Cl/Cd. In the present study, Eppler 423 airfoil is used to first understand the aerodynamics of such a highly cambered airfoil and later GF of various sizes were added on it to understand the change in flow dynamics achieved by adding the GF and their impact on aerodynamic parameters such as Cl, Cd and Cl/Cd. Eppler 423 being a highly cambered airfoil produces high lift coefficient and smoother stall and by adding the GF of various sizes the performance of Eppler 423 improves tremendously and reason for this enhanced performance and effect of size of GF are presented in this paper. Vortex Generators (VG) generate counter rotating vortices that allow the flow to remain attached even at high angles of attack. Also, effect of adding VG at the leading edge of Eppler 423 aerofoil is presented in this paper. At last, results obtained from combination of VG at leading edge and GF at trailing edge on Eppler 423 aerofoil are discussed at length.

关键词： Eppler 423 Airfoil Gurney Flap Vortex Generators Aerodynamic Efficiency Stall

Prevalence of Dry Eye and Its Association with Various Risk Factors in Rural Setup of Western Uttar Pradesh in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Ravi Ranjan sushil Kumar Shukla chandra Veer Singh B. N. Mishra Sriti Sinha B. D. Sharma Department of Ophthalmology U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Community Medicine U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Pharmacology U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Community Medicine R. D. Gardi Medical College Ujjain India District Hospital Etawah India

Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above 20 years of age were screened randomly for dry eye. An 8 points questionnaires, slit lamp examination of meibomian glands, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining of cornea, schirmer test were used to diagnose dry eye. The diagnosis was made when three of the five parameters were positive. The role of various occupations as well as role of different exposure factors like sunlight, excessive wind, smoking, drugs, and air pollution as dry eye risk factors was accessed. Result: Out of 445, 45.39% patients had dry eye. Dry eye prevalence was higher in those above 70 years of age (74%). It was higher in male population (51.82%) compare to female population (37.37%), nearly equal in rural (46.04%) and urban population (44.31%) and highest among factory workers (90%). Correlation of dry eye with drugs (P = 0.0002), sunlight/high temperature (P = 0.0003) and smoking (P = 0.03) were significant. Conclusion: This is a hospital based study which provides prevalence of dry eye in rural region of western Uttar Pradesh. It is more common in old age male population and significantly higher in factory workers. Out of different modifiable risk factors most important are drugs, sunlight/high temperature and smoking.

关键词： Dry Eye Fluorescein Stain Schirmer Test Tear Film Break up Time