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Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly j.Rivenbark Timothy D phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A maj.r route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA residues.However,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very limited.In this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant growth.Effects of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were studied.The time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to AMPA.The inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable dissociation.Plants treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in leaves.Results indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

Saturation in wavelength-division multiplexing free-space optical communication systems

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 197-207页

作者： j.remiah O. BANDELE Malcolm WOOLFSON Andrew j. phillips Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateP.M.B 5454Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK

The performance of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) commu-nication system in a turbulent atmosphere employing optical amplifiers to improve capacity is investigated, in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise, scintillation, beam spreading, atmospheric attenuation and interchannel crosstalk. Using on-off keying modulation, Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to obtain the average bit error rate and system capability due to scintillation and the effect of introducing a power control algorithm (PCA) to the system is investigated. The PCA ensures that at any receiving instant, the same turbulence- free powers are received by all the receiving lenses. The performance of various WDM FSO communication system configurations such as non-amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold (NOAADT), non- amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with a non- adaptive decision threshold and saturated gain amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold (SOA- NADT) are investigated. Results obtained show that the SOANADT is superior to the NOAADT and the PCA is only beneficial in amplified systems.

关键词： wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication crosstalk optical amplifier (OA) gain saturation decision threshold

Progress in TILLING as a tool for functional genomics and improvement of crops

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Liang Chen Liugen Hao Martin A. j. Parry Andrew L. phillips Yin-Gang Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in crops are required to feed the growing world population. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines traditional chemical mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful way to create novel mutant alleles for both functional genomics and improvement of crops. TILLING is generally applicable to genomes whether small or large, diploid or evenallohexaploid, and shows great potential to address the maj.r challenge of linking sequence information to the function of genes and to modulate key traits for plant breeding. TILLING has been successfully applied in many crop species and recent progress in TILLING is summarized below, especially on the developments in mutation detection technology, application of TILLING in gene functional studies and crop breeding. The potential of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functional genetics and crop improvement is also discussed. Furthermore, a small‐scale forward strategy including backcross and selfing was conducted to release the potential mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） plants.

关键词： Crop breeding functional genomics mutation detection TILLING

Unexpected little helpers: microbiota stimulate systemic antiviral defenses

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第11期7卷 4001-4002页

作者： susanne Klute Helene Hoenigsperger Konstantin M.j.Sparrer Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlm89081Germany

In a recent study published in Immunity by Erttmann et al.,an unexpected beneficial role of gut microbiota in protecting mice against invading viruses by promoting low levels of systemic innate immune activation via t... 详细信息

关键词： al. interferon ed.

Decreased bioavailability of aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in genetically modified corn with activated carbon or calcium montmorillonite clay inclusion in soil

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 131-143页

作者： Sara E.Hearon Meichen Wang Thomas j.McDonald Timothy D.phillips Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M Uniuersity College StationTx 77845USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station400 Bizzell St College StationTX 77843USA

The widespread use of pesticides has resulted in detectable residues throughout the environment,sometimes at concentrations well above regulatory limits.Therefore,the development of safe,effective,field-practical,and economically feasible strategies to mitigate the effects of pesticides is warranted.Glyphosate is an organophosphorus herbicide that is degraded to aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA),a toxic and persistent metabolite that can accumulate in soil and sediment and translocate to plants.In this study,we investigated the binding efficacy of activated carbon(AC)and calcium montmorillonite(CM)clay to decrease AMPA bioavailability from soil and AMPA translocation to plants.Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies on AC and CM were conducted and showed tight binding(enthalpy values>-20 k j.mol)for AMPA with high capacities(0.25 mol/kg and 0.38 mol/kg,respectively),based on derivations from the Langmuir model.A hydra assay was utilized to indicate toxicity of AMPA and the inclusion of 1%AC and CM both resulted in 90%protection of the hydra(**p≤0.01).Further studies in glyphosate-contaminated soil showed that AC and CM significantly reduced AMPA bioavailability by 53%and 44%,respectively.Results in genetically modified(GM)corn showed a conversion of glyphosate to AMPA in roots and sprouts over a 10-day exposure duration.Inclusion of AC and CM reduced AMPA residues in roots and sprouts by 47%-61%.These studies collectively indicate that AC and CM are effective sorbents for AMPA and could be used to reduce AMPA bioavailability from soil and AMPA residues in GM corn plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Activated carbon Calcium montmorillonite Sorbent

高大冷杉温室Strophosoma象甲的微生物防治(英文)

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安徽农业大学学报 2007年第2期34卷 185-194页

作者：夏洛蒂.尼尔森 susanne Vestergaard susanne Harding j.rgen Eilenberg Department of Ecology Copenhagen UniversityFaculty of Life SciencesThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark

In Denmark,the weevils Strophosoma melanogrammum and S.capitatum cause economic damage in Noble fir due to the adult stage feeding on the needles.No chemical treatments of these weevils are allowed in Denmark,so biological control is an attractive solution.We evaluated the potential for microbial control of larvae of Strophosoma spp.based on laboratory bioassays and field applications,taking effect on both target and non-target into consideration,as well as persistence of the applied fungus.In the laboratory Beauveria bassiana,Paecilomyces farinosus and Metarhizium anisopliae were able to infect and cause mycosis in Strophosoma larvae.Among the tested isolates the most virulent isolate was M.anisopliae BIPESCO 5,which resulted in 80 % mortality.In the field experiment M.anisopliae,isolate BIPESCO 5,was applied to the soil as a conidial suspension against larvae of Strophosoma spp.The effect of the fungus on the target population was monitored at a weekly basis by counts of emerging adult weevils during their activity periods.The population of Strophosoma spp.was reduced by up to 60% in treated plots compared to control plots.The non-target effects of M.anisopliae were studied by sampling insects and ticks from both treated and control plots.Seven days after treatment,two sampled insect orders(Hemiptera and Coleoptera)and ticks were found with prevalences of M.anisopliae above 50%,compared to no infection in the insects collected from control plots.Infections in coccinellids were found as long as 277 days after treatment.However,the effect on population level of non-target is still unexplored.The persistence of the fungus was documented by plating a soil suspension onto agar.We documented that conidia of M.anisopliae could persist in the greenery plantation for at least 418 days after application.

关键词：高大冷杉温室微生物 Strophosoma象甲防治措施

Use of routine HIV testing data for early detection of emerging HIV epidemics in high-risk subpopulations:A concept demonstration study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 373-384页

作者： Houssein H.Ayoub susanne F.Awad Laith j.Abu-Raddad Department of Mathematics Statisticsand PhysicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarCornell UniversityQatar Foundation-Education CityDohaQatar Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA College of Health and Life Sciences Hamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDohaQatar

Introduction:HIV epidemics in hard-to-reach high-risk subpopulations are often discovered years after epidemic emergence in settings with poor surveillance infrastructure.Using hypothesis-generation modeling,we aimed to investigate and demonstrate the concept of using routine HIV testing data to identify and characterize hidden epidemics in high-risk subpopulations.We also compared this approach to surveillance based on AIDS case notifications.Methods:A deterministic mathematical model was developed to simulate an emerging HIV epidemic in a high-risk subpopulation.A stochastic Monte Carlo simulation was implemented on the total population to simulate the sampling process of generating routine HIV testing data.Epidemiological measures were estimated on the simulated epidemic and on the generated testing sample.Sensitivity analyses were conducted on the results.Results:In the simulated epidemic,HIV prevalence saturated at 32%in the high-risk subpopulation and at 0.33%in the total population.The epidemic started its emergingepidemic phase 28 years after infection introduction,and saturated 67 years after infection introduction.In the simulated HIV testing sample,a significant time trend in prevalence was identified,and the generated metrics of epidemic emergence and saturation were similar to those of the simulated epidemic.The epidemic was identified 4.0(95%CI 3.4e4.6)years after epidemic emergence using routine HIV testing,but 29.7(95%CI 15.8 e52.1)years after emergence using AIDS case notifications.In the sensitivity analyses,none of the sampling biases affected the conclusion of an emerging epidemic,but some affected the estimated epidemic growth rate.Conclusions:Routine HIV testing data provides a tool to identify and characterize hidden and emerging epidemics in high-risk subpopulations.This approach can be specially useful in resource-limited settings,and can be applied alone,or along with other complementary data,to provide a meaningful characterization of emerging but hidden epidemics.

关键词： HIV High-risk subpopulation Surveillance Mathematical modeling Monte Carlo simulations Epidemiology Sexually transmitted infection

e-VLBI observations of GRB 080409 afterglow with an Australasian radio telescope network

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第11期16卷 1-6页

作者： Aquib Moin Philip G. Edwards Steven j. Tingay Chris j. phillips Anastasios K. Tzioumis Shaun W. Amy Tao An Mamoru Sekido Zhong-Xiang Wang Physics Department United Arab Emirates University RO. Box 15551 A1-Ain United Arab Emirates Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University Bentley WA Australia CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science P.O. Box 76 Epping NSW 2121 Australia Kashima Space Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) 893-1 Hirai Kashima 314-0014 Ibaraki Japan Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Osservatorio di Radio Astronomia Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Italy

Transcontinental e-VLBI observations were conducted in j.ne 2008 with telescopes in Australia, China and j.pan. Detections were made of the radio-loud quasar PKS B0727-115, which shows superlu- minal motion, and the intra-day variable quasar PKS B0524＋034. The latter source was used as a phase reference calibrator for observations at the position of the gamma-ray burst GRB 080409, for which an upper limit to the radio emission is set. Australia Telescope Compact Array data were also used to derive a limit on the radio flux density of the GRB afterglow. These observations demonstrate the capability to form a large Australasian radio telescope network for e-VLBI, with data transported and processed in realtime over high capacity networks. This campaign represents the first step towards more regular e-VLBI observations in this region.

关键词： techniques： interferometric -- galaxies： active -- gamma rays： bursts

Schoolchildren from disadvantaged backgrounds present a loss of lean tissue mass and significant increase of body fat mass during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany:results from the MEDdirect study

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World j.urnal of Pediatrics 2022年第5期18卷 363-367页

作者： David Muhmann Marvin Droste j.rn Schulz Frederike Linge Lea Ladewig Ursula Eisenberg susanne Roder Rainer Buscher University Hospital Essen PediatricsⅡHufelandstr.5545147 EssenGermany Be Strong for Kids E.V Sundernholz 10845134 EssenGermany Schule Am Steeler Tor Engelbertstr.445127 EssenGermany

Children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds receive unequal opportunities to succeed in school,which will lead to a decreased health literacy as adults[U].This is not only directly associated with an impaired eco-nomic and mental health and wellbeing of young people,but above all with an in creased adult mortality[1-4].While this problem is well known and described,only few and even fewer pediatric studies suggest how to interrupt this downward spiral consistently[5,6].

关键词： disadvantage adult impaired