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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S1期93卷 56-58页

作者： susan smith nash American Association of Petroleum Geologists TulsaOklahoma 74119

We are faced with more challenges than ever with respect to the amount,variety,and sheer volume of earth *** only do we have data of many different ages and origins,we also have a wide variety of data,much of which has just been recently digitized,or is in a format that can cannot easily be integrated into algorithms,georeferenced data.

关键词： Big Data analytics machine learning deep learning artificial intelligence

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美国新型钻完井技术概述与发展建议

石油钻探技术 2023年第4期51卷 192-197页

作者： susan smith nash 美国石油地质学家协会(AAPG)创新与新兴科学技术部俄克拉何马州诺曼市美国73071

美国的钻完井技术在自动化、环境合规和风险规避方面取得了引人注目的突破。为探索和评估钻完井技术在上述领域中的重大进展,通过梳理回顾美国钻完井技术突破,阐明了当前技术需求,提出了解决方案并指出了其未来发展的方向。值得注意的是... 详细信息

美国的钻完井技术在自动化、环境合规和风险规避方面取得了引人注目的突破。为探索和评估钻完井技术在上述领域中的重大进展,通过梳理回顾美国钻完井技术突破,阐明了当前技术需求,提出了解决方案并指出了其未来发展的方向。值得注意的是,数据分析在上述技术中扮演了重要角色,基于云的解决方案也被广泛应用。然而,这些技术也面临着共同的挑战,即需要快速适应排放检测、危险监测和减少碳排放等不断发展的需求。面对这种挑战,需要充分利用现有数据库,并赋予其新的功能和目标。

关键词：美国油气钻井完井数据分析发展建议

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国际石油公司页岩气开发技术策略分析与展望

石油钻探技术 2014年第5期42卷 1-8页

作者：苏珊.史密斯.纳什美国石油地质学家协会教育和职业发展部俄克拉荷马塔尔萨74119

在页岩气开发早期,起主导作用的是中型独立石油公司,尽管某些大型石油公司也较早地参与了页岩气的开发,但取得的成果很差。为此,研究了独立和大型石油天然气公司所采用的页岩气开发技术策略,分析了其成功或失败的原因,并根据已开发的和... 详细信息

在页岩气开发早期,起主导作用的是中型独立石油公司,尽管某些大型石油公司也较早地参与了页岩气的开发,但取得的成果很差。为此,研究了独立和大型石油天然气公司所采用的页岩气开发技术策略,分析了其成功或失败的原因,并根据已开发的和新的页岩区块的图表数据及其理想的开发技术策略,认为将来在页岩气储层描述、甜点识别、钻井完井和增产措施优化方面也会有重大进展。

关键词：页岩气勘探开发技术策略石油公司

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection without cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4061-4065页

作者： Kathryn L nash Tracy Woodall Ashley SM Brown susan E Davies Graeme JM Alexander Department of Hepatology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Mailpoint 255Southampton General HospitalTremona RoadSouthamptonHampshire SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Department of MedicineSt Mary's HospitalPraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate and characterise patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the absence of ***:Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presenting with HCC over a 2-year period were *** clinical case notes,blood test results and histological specimens were reviewed to identify whether additional risk factors for the development of HCC were ***:Six patients(five male,one female) with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presented to a single centre with HCC over a 2-year *** patients were treated by surgical resection and one patient underwent liver *** of generous histological specimens confirmed the presence of HCC and the absence of cirrhosis in all *** degree of fibrosis of the background liver was staged as mild(n = 1),moderate(n = 4) or bridging fibrosis(n = 1).Review of the clinical case notes revealed that all cases had an additional risk factor for the development of HCC(four had evidence of past hepatitis B virus infection;two had a history of excessive alcohol consumption;a further patient had prolonged exposure to immune suppression).CONCLUSION:HCC does occur in patients with non-cirrhotic HCV infection who have other risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-cirrhotic Screening

Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 393-400页

作者： susan Dawkes Graeme D smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayne H Donaldson School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom Department of Nursing and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University Scotland United Kingdom Employment Research Institute Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom School of Health Sciences University of Stirling Scotland United Kingdom

Objective To explore how older patients self-manage their coronary heart disease （CHD） aider undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA）. Methods This mixed methods study used a sequential, explanatory design and recruited a convenience sample of patients （n = 93） approximately three months after elective PTCA. The study was conducted in two phases. Quantitative data collected in Phase 1 by means of a self-administered survey were subject to univariate and bivariate analysis. Phase 1 findings in- formed the purposive samplhag for Phase 2 where ten participants were selected from the original sample for an in-depth interview. Qualita- tive data were analysed using thematic analysis. This paper will primarily report the findings from a sub-group of older participants （n = 47） classified as 65 years of age or older. Results 78.7% （n = 37） of participants indicated that they would manage recurring angina symptoms by taking glyceryl trinitrate and 34% （n = 16） thought that resting would help. Regardless of the duration or severity of the symptoms 40.5% （n = 19） would call their general practitioner or an emergency ambulance for assistance during any recurrence of angina symptoms. Older participants weighed less （P = 0.02） and smoked less （P = 0.01） than their younger counterparts in the study. Age did not seem to affect PTCA patients＇ likelihood of altering dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable and saturated fat consumption （P = 0.237）. Conclusions The findings suggest that older people in the study were less likely to know how to correctly manage any recurring angina symptoms than their younger counterparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHD. Age was not a factor that influenced participants＇ likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.

关键词： Angina pectoris Coronary disease Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Self-management

Estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, primarily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be remarkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

Dysregulation of innate immunity in ulcerative colitis patients who fail anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9104-9116页

作者： Angela C Baird Dominic Mallon Graham Radford-smith Julien Boyer Thierry Piche susan L Prescott Ian C Lawrance Meri K Tulic Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia Department of Immunology Fremantle Hospital Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Perth WA 6160 Australia Royal Brisbane Queensland 4006 Australia University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis EA6302 06202 Nice France Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition l’Archet Hospital 2 06202 Nice France School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Subiaco WA 6008 Australia International Inflammation network (in-FLAME) of the World Universities Network University of Western Australia Subiaco WA 6008 Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases St John of God Subiaco Hospital Perth WA 6009 Australia Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M)-INSERM U1065 Team 12 06204 Nice France

AIM To study the innate immune function in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients who fail to respond to anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) *** Effects of anti-TNF therapy, inflammation and medications on innate immune function were assessed by measuring peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) cytokine expression from 18 inflammatory bowel disease patients pre- and 3 mo post-anti-TNF therapy. Toll-like receptor(TLR) expression and cytokine production post TLR stimulation was assessed in UC "responders"(n = 12) and "non-responders"(n = 12) and compared to healthy controls(n = 12). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels were measured in blood to assess disease severity/activity and inflammation. Pro-inflammatory(TNF, IL-1β, IL-6), immuno-regulatory(IL-10), Th1(IL-12, IFNγ) and Th2(IL-9, IL-13, IL-17A) cytokine expression was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while TLR cellular composition and intracellular signalling was assessed with *** Prior to anti-TNF therapy, responders and nonresponders had similar level of disease severity and activity. PBMC's ability to respond to TLR stimulation was not affected by TNF therapy, patient's severity of the disease and inflammation or their medication use. At baseline, non-responders had elevated innate but not adaptive immune responses compared to responders(P < 0.05). Following TLR stimulation, nonresponders had consistently reduced innate cytokine responses to all TLRs compared to healthy controls(P < 0.01) and diminished TNF(P < 0.001) and IL-1β(P < 0.01) production compared to responders. This innate immune dysfunction was associated with reduced number of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells(p DCs)(P < 0.01) but increased number of CD4+ regulatory T cells(Tregs)(P = 0.03) as well as intracellular accumulation of IRAK4 in non-responders following TLR-2,-4 and-7 activation(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Reduced innate immunity in non-responders may explain reduced efficacy

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Innate immunity Antitumor necrosis factor therapy Toll-like receptor IRAK4 Inflammatory bowel disease

Seismic considerations for spent nuclear fuel storage in dry casks

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第3期11卷 20-30页

作者： John L Bignell Jeffrey A smith Christopher A Jones susan Y Pickering Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque

To aid the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was contracted to investigate the seismic behavior of typical dry cask storage systems. Parametric evaluations characterized the sensitivity of calculated cask response characteristics to input parameters. The parametric evaluation investigated two generic cask designs (cylindrical and rectangular),three different foundation types (soft soil,hard soil,and rock),and three different casks to pad coefficients of friction (0.2,0.55,0.8) for earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.25g,0.6g,1.0g and 1.25g. A total of 1 165 analyses were completed,with regression analyses being performed on the resulting cask response data to determine relationships relating the mean (16 % and 84 % confidence intervals on the mean) to peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and pseudo-spectral acceleration at 1 Hz and 5 % damping. In general,the cylindrical casks experienced significantly larger responses in comparison to the rectangular cask. The cylindrical cask experienced larger top of cask displacements,larger cask rotations (rocking),and more occurrences of cask toppling (the rectangular cask never toppled over). The cylindrical cask was also susceptible to rolling once rocking had been initiated,a behavior not observed in the rectangular cask. Cask response was not overly sensitive to foundation type,but was significantly dependent on the response spectrum employed.

关键词： dry cask storage spent nuclear fuel seismic analysis

Potential Biomarkers of Schizophrenia from MEG Resting-State Functional Connectivity Networks: Preliminary Data

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： susan M. Bowyer Klevest Gjini Xiao Zhu Lawrence Kim John E. Moran Syeda U. Rizvi Valentina Gumenyuk Norman Tepley nash N. Boutros Department of Neurology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit USA Department of Neurology Wayne State University Detroit USA Department of Neurosurgery Seton Brain and Spine Institute Austin USA Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Kansas City USA

Previous studies examining coherence and connectivity deviations in schizophrenia patients relied on standard coherence measures between recording sites (at the sensor level). A coherence source imaging (CSI) methodology where coherence is assessed within imaged brain structures (at the source level) was developed recently by our group and applied successfully for detecting coherent areas in the cortical networks of patients with epilepsy. We applied this Magnetoencephalography (MEG)-CSI technique to measure normal and pathological patterns of brain oscillations (biomarkers) in normal subjects and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twelve patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and twelve healthy control subjects were studied. A ten-minute resting state MEG brain scan was performed with eyes open. MEG-CSI analysis was performed to identify the cortical areas that interacted strongly within the 3 - 50 Hz frequency range. Statistically significant increased regions of coherence were detected in schizophrenia patients compared to controls in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47—pars orbitalis), left superior frontal gyrus (BA9— dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), right middle frontal gyrus (BA 10—anterior prefrontal cortex & BA 46—dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and right cingulate gyrus (BA 24—ventral anterior cingulate cortex). These areas are involved in language, memory, decision making, empathy, executive and, higher cognitive functioning. We conclude that MEG-CSI can detect imaging biomarkers from resting state brain activity in schizophrenia patients that deviates from normal control subjects in several behaviorally salient brain regions. Analysis with MEG-CSI can provide biomarkers of abnormalities in the resting-state. The findings and procedures described can be used to probe the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and possibly detect subtypes.

关键词： Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Coherence Schizophrenia Functional Resting State Brain Networks