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Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism and mating compatibility studies reveal the presence of distinct species in sub-Saharan Africa Bemisia tabaci whiteflies

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Insect Science 2021年第6期28卷 1553-1566页

作者： Habibu Mugerwa Hua-Ling Wang Peter Sseruwagi susan seal John Colvin Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentUK Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaGriffinGeorgiaUSA Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Biotechnology Department Mikocheni Agricultural Research InstituteDar es SalaamTanzania

In sub-Saharan Africa cassava growing areas,two members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex termed sub-Saharan Africa 1(SSA1)and SSA2 have been reported as the prevalent whiteflies associated with the spread of viruses that cause cassava mosaic disease(CMD)and cassava brown streak disease(CBSD)*** the peak of CMD pandemic in the late 1990s,SSA2 was the prevalent whitefly,although its numbers have diminished over the last two decades with the resurgence of SSA1 *** SSA1 subgroups(SGI to SG3)are the predominant whiteflies in East Africa and vary in distribution and biological *** compatibility between SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 whiteflies was reported as the possible driver for the resurgence of SSA 1 *** this study,a combination of both phylogenomic methods and reciprocal crossing experiments were applied to determine species status of SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 white-fly *** analyses conducted with 26548205 bp whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and the full mitogenomes clustered SSA1 subgroups together and separate from SSA2 *** incompatibility between SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 further demonstrated their distinctiveness from each *** analyses conducted with SNPs and mitogenomes also revealed different genetic relationships among SSA1 *** former clustered SSA 1-SGI and SSA1-SG2 to-gether but separate from SSA1-SG3,while the latter clustered SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3 together but separate from SSA *** compatibility was observed between SSA 1-SGI and SSA1-SG2,while incompatibility occurred between SSA 1-SGI and SSA1-SG3,and SSA 1-SG2 and SSA *** results among SSA 1 subgroups were coherent with phylogenomics results based on SNPs but not the full ***,this study revealed that the secondary endosymbiont--did not mediate reproductive success in the crossing assays carried ***,using genome wide SNPs together with reciproca

关键词： Bemisia tabaci phylogenomics reciprocal crossing sub-Saharan Africa species

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Next Generation Transcriptome Sequencing and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Technologies for Characterisation of the Bemisia tabaci Asia 1 mtCOI Phylogenetic Clade

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 281-292页

作者： susan seal Mitulkumar V Patel Carl Collins John Colvin David Bailey Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TBUnited Kingdom

A programme of functional genomics research is underway at the University of Greenwich,UK,to develop and apply genomics technologies to characterise an economically-important but under-researched Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）,the Asia 1 mtCOI phylogenetic group.A comparison of this putative species from India with other important *** populations and insect species may provide targets for the development of more effective whitefly control *** a first step,next-generation sequencing（NGS）has been used to survey the transcriptome of adult female whitefly,with high quality RNA preparations being used to generate cDNA libraries for NGS using the Roche 454 Titanium DNA sequencing *** assemblies constructed from the resultant sequences（301 094 reads）using the software program CLC Genomics Workbench generated 3 821 core *** of a selection of these contigs with related sequences from other *** genetic groups has revealed good alignment for some genes（e.g.,HSP90）but misassemblies in other datasets（e.g.,the vitellogenin gene family）,highlighting the need for manual curation as well as collaborative international efforts to obtain accurate assemblies from the existing next generation sequence ***,data emerging from the NGS has facilitated the development of accurate and reliable methods for analysing gene expression based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR,illustrating the power of this approach to enable rapid expression analyses in an organism for which a complete genome sequence is currently lacking.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci whitefly transcriptome next generation sequencing quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR Asia 1 mtCOI

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Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R V Chowda-Reddy M Kirankumar susan E seal V Muniyappa Girish B Valand M R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Department of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

Bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 *** samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one（mtCOI）*** comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-B *** from India clustered into the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 group.A new group of *** from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus（ToLCBV）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCBV transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-B had the more efficient transmission *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begomoviruses mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase whitefly Bemisia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidemiology

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Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 337-345页

作者： John Colvin N Nagaraju Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon R M Govindappa T B Manjunatha Reddy S A Padmaja Neena Joshi Peter M Hanson susan E seal V Muniyappa Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom University of Agricultural Sciences G.K.V.K.Bangalore 560065India AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus（ToLCV）-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and *** high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly,Bemisia *** 2003 and 2004,respectively,these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of *** 2003 to 2005,eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F1 hybrids from ***-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible *** of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide *** income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children＇s education,better nutrition and *** a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India,a promotional field day was organised in *** well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties,62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public *** with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 *** 2007,a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837：1.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci begomovirus international development tomato resistance Tomato leaf curl virus

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Aircraft Clean Air Requirements Using Bleed Air Systems

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第4期10卷 142-172页

作者： susan Michaelis Faculty of Health Sciences Pathfoot Building R E010 University of Stirling Stirling UK

There are certification and airworthiness requirements relevant to the provision of clean breathing air in the crew and passenger compartments. There have been continuing reports and studies over the years regarding oil fumes in aircraft, including impaired crew performance. Oil fumes are viewed in varying ways ranging from rare seal bearing failures, to low level leakage in normal flight. A Masters of Science (MSc) research degree was undertaken to assess whether there is any gap between the certification requirements for the provision of clean air in crew and passenger compartments, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. A comprehensive literature search reviewed applicable certification standards, documented and theoretical understanding of oil leakage. Two types of interviews were conducted to address the research questions. Key aviation regulators were questioned about the process by which they certify and ensure compliance with the clean air requirements. Aerospace engineers and sealing professionals were interviewed about their understanding of how oil may leak past compressor oil bearing seals, and into the air supply under various flight conditions. The outcome of the research showed that there is a gap between the clean air certification requirements, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. Low level oil leakage into the aircraft cabin in normal flight operations is a function of the design of the engine lubricating system and bleed air systems, both utilising pressurised air. The use of the bleed air system to supply the regulatory required air quality standards is not being met or being enforced as required.

关键词： Bleed Air Secondary Air Gas Turbine Engines Cabin Air Quality Lubricants Oil Bearing seals Labyrinth seals Mechanical seals Oil Fumes

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里海海豹(Phoca caspica)幼崽繁殖和哺育分布与人类影响的关系

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第5期37卷 339-344页

作者： Tero Harkonen Mart Jüssi Mirgaly Baimukanov Anders Bignert Lilia Dmitrieva Yesbol Kasimbekov Mikhail Verevkin susan Wilson Simon J.Goodman 黄南艳林宁瑞典自然历史博物馆英国的海洋哺乳动物研究所阿拉木图水生生物学和生态学研究所渔业研究中心圣彼得堡州立大学生物研究所脊椎动物实验室利兹大学

为了评估里海海豹这个物种年度幼崽生殖情况及新生幼崽的被自然捕食情况,2005和2006年2月在哈萨克斯坦领海的冬季冰原对里海海豹进行了航空调查。据估计,2005年幼崽生殖数量为21063头,2006年为16905头(每年出生在俄罗斯领土上的里海海... 详细信息

为了评估里海海豹这个物种年度幼崽生殖情况及新生幼崽的被自然捕食情况,2005和2006年2月在哈萨克斯坦领海的冬季冰原对里海海豹进行了航空调查。据估计,2005年幼崽生殖数量为21063头,2006年为16905头(每年出生在俄罗斯领土上的里海海豹幼崽估计数包括在内)。大约20 000头雌性里海海豹的繁殖种群数量大大低于所公布的20世纪80年代末以来的估计数。鹰是里海海豹幼崽的头号捕食天敌。尽管2005年,商业破冰船路线没有穿越里海海豹幼崽集中的区域,但是在2006年,商业破冰船路线穿越了这些区域。我们的发现对制定该物种的保护策略有着重要的意义。自然死亡率、捕食者造成的损失,以及更为重要的是,现有的捕猎限额显著超过了里海海豹种群的补充量。人为的致死行为应当得以控制,以避免该物种的进一步减少。

关键词：海豹里海人类影响繁殖自然死亡率哺育种群数量捕食天敌

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