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Natural compounds and extracts from mexican medicinal plants with anti-leishmaniasis activity: An update

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1105-1110页

作者： Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo susan Drier-Jonas maría Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes Unidad de Investigación médica en Farmacología Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialAv. Cuauhtémoc 330Col. DoctoresDelg. Cuauhtémoc06720 Ciudad de MéxicoMexico

Leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging, uncontrolled disease and is endemic in 98 countries. Annually, about 2 million cases of cutaneous and 500000 cases of visceraltype leishmaniasis are recorded and 60000 persons died from the disease. In mexico,cutaneous leishmaniasis is known as chiclero's ulcer and is reported in 22 states, it is considered as a health problem. For its treatment, pentavalent antimonial drugs are administered. These drugs cause severe side effects, are costly. Drug-resistant cases have been reported and have been developing for over 70 years. One alternative to the drugs that are currently available is to find active molecules in medicinal plants. Dihydrocorynantheine, corynantheine and corynantheidine are active against Leishmania major,while harmane, pleiocarpin, buchtienin, luteolin and quercetin are active against Leishmania donovani. In mexico, about 20 medicinal plants have been evaluated against Leishmania mexicana, among which the most active are Tridax procumbens, Lonchocarpus xuul and Pentalinon andrieuxii. From these plants, active compounds with IC_(50)≤30 mg/mL or m m have been isolated, such as 3(S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol or Oxylipin, cholestra-4,20,24-trien-3-one or pentalinosterol, 24-methylcholest-4-24(28)-dien-3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, 6,7-dihydroneridie-none, neridienone, cholest-5,20,24-trien-3β-ol, and isocordoin. Today, only pentalinonsterol has been synthesized and assayed in the visceral leishmaniasis experimental model using BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Liposome formulation of this compound administered by intravenous route at 2.5 mg/kg showed a significant reduction of parasite load in mouse liver and spleen.

关键词： Active extracts Leishmaniasis Antileishmanicidal activity Natural compounds mexican medicinal plants

Present state and future challenges in pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics research: Looking beyond the forest

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 96-104页

作者： Craig A Friesen Jennifer V Schurman susan m Abdel-Rahman Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Pediatric Pharmacology Medical Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation Children’s Mercy Kansas City

At the present time, it is nearly impossible to treat pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with pain in an evidence based fashion. This is due to the overall lack of controlled studies and, even more importantly, the complexity of the contributors to disease phenotype which are not controlled or accounted for in most therapeutic trials. In this manuscript, we review the challenges of defining entry criteria, controlling for the large number of biopsychosocial factors which may effect outcomes, and understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors when designing therapeutic trials for abdominal pain in children. We also review the current state of pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics and discuss trial design considerations as we move forward.

关键词： Pharmacogenomics Functional dyspepsia Abdominal pa

Effects of Heliotropium indicum *** Uterine Involution and Its Underlying mechanisms:An in vivo and in vitro Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2023年第11期29卷 980-988页

作者： Sayah Ongsricharoenbhorn Pakanit Kupittayanant Kanjana Thumanu Griangsak Eumkeb Suthida Chanlun Pittaya Papirom susan Wray Sajeera Kupittayanant School of Preclinical Sciences Institute of ScienceSuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand School of Animal Technology and Innovation Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand Synchrotron Light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen(40002)Thailand Department of Women's and Children's Health Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth CentreUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL87SSUK

Objective:To investigate the effect of Heliotropium indicum L.(*** L.)on uterine involution and its underlying mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro ***:For in vivo studies,postpartum rats were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=24 for each):control group and treated group which were orally and daily administered with ethanolic extract of *** L.(250 mg/kg body weight)until day 5 of *** were collected for analysis of weight,cross-sectional area,collagen cross-sectional area,and collagen content on postpartum day 1,3,and 5(n=8 for each)from both *** samples were collected for hepatotoxicity and 17?-estradiol(E_(2))*** in vitro studies,the extract effects on uterine contraction at half maximum effective concentration of 2.50 mg/mL were studied in organ bath system for at least 20 ***:Uterine parameters were significantly decreased after treated with extract of *** L.(Pmeters and significantly decreased E_(2)(Pmulated uterine contraction(Pmulants(added before or after),the two showed antagonistic effects,but still showed potentiated force when compared with control(without the stimulants).Conclusions:The underlying mechanisms by which *** *** uterine involution might be due to reducing E_(2)which induces collagenase activity,leading to decreases in uterine weight and size and stimulating uterine *** study provides new findings for future drug development for facilitating uterine involution with *** L.

关键词： measurement contraction sectional

The Importance of Adjuvant Agents in Acute Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2012年第4期2卷 102-106页

作者： Christopher m. Wang susan E. Opper Department of Anesthesiology University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City Missouri USA.

Objective: Baclofen (β-p-chlorophenyl-GABA) selectively activates the GABAB subtype of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, a group of receptors known to provide inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Available for over thirty years in oral form for the treatment of skeletal muscle spasticity, its availability now includes continuous intrathecal infusion via an internally implanted pump. While ideal for long-term attenuation of symptoms, this treatment modality can also become disastrous should the pump empty and withdrawal subsequently ensue. Case Report: A 48-year-old male with a past medical history of T8 spinal cord injury from a motor vehicle crash originally presented with altered mental status. Because of resultant paraplegia and spasticity from his injuries, a neurosurgeon implanted an intrathecal baclofen pump three years prior to presentation with symptomatic relief. Further exploration revealed that he had missed his scheduled pump refill appointment and interrogation of his pump confirmed a completely empty reservoir. The patient endured a protracted hospital course that included rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, lactic acidosis, respiratory failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Treatment included benzodiazepines, dantrolene, aggressive hydration, opiates, and refill of his intrathecal baclofen pump. His mentation and ventilatory status improved with recovery from his critical illness and eventual discharge. Conclusions: Treatment of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal should focus on restoration of previous intrathecal baclofen levels by refill of the intrathecal pump. Adjuvant medications such as benzodiazepines, propofol, cyproheptadine, dantrolene, tizanidine, and opiates may prove crucial in helping with muscle spasticity while these levels are reestablished. A high index of suspicion, leading to timely initiation of proper treatment, may serve as the most important factor in successful recovery from this life-th

关键词： Baclofen GABA GABAB Intrathecal Implantable Infusion Pump Chronic Pain Pain management Spasticity Spinal Cord Injury Neurosurgery Withdrawal Analgesia

Changes in the colon microbiota and intestinal cytokine gene expression following minimal intestinal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4150-4158页

作者： susan Lapthorne Julie E Bines Fiona Fouhy Nicole L Dellios Guineva Wilson Sarah L Thomas michelle Scurr Catherine Stanton Paul D Cotter Prue m Pereira-Fantini Intestinal Failure and Clinical Nutrition group Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteRoyal Children’s Hospital Intestinal Failure and Clinical Nutrition group Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Department of Paediatrics the University of Melbourne Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Royal Children’s Hospital Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCorkIreland Department of microbiology University College Cork Department of Surgery Monash Medical Centre Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork

AIm: To investigate the impact of minor abdominal surgery on the caecal microbial population and on markers of gut ***: Four week old piglets were randomly allocated to a no-surgery "control" group(n = 6) or a "transection surgery" group(n = 5).During the transection surgery procedure, a conventional midline incision of the lower abdominal wall was made and the small intestine was transected at a site 225 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve, a 2 cm segment was removed and the intestine was *** received a polymeric infant formula diet throughout the study period and were sacrificed at two weeks *** outcomes including weight, stool consistency and presence of stool fat globules were *** throughput DNA sequencing of colonic content was used to detect surgery-relateddisturbances in microbial composition at phylum, family and genus *** and richness estimates were calculated for the control and minor surgery *** disturbances in the gut microbial community are linked to inflammation we compared the gene expression of key inflammatory cytokines(TNF, IL1 B, IL18, IL12, IL8, IL6 and IL10) in ileum, terminal ileum and colon mucosal extracts obtained from control and abdominal surgery groups at two weeks ***: Changes in the relative abundance of bacterial species at family and genus level were confined to bacterial members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes *** level compositional shifts included a reduction in the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae(22.95 ± 5.27 vs 2.07 ± 0.72, P members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla and included decreased relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae(29.20 ± 6.74 vs 2.88 ±

关键词： Surgery Intestinal microbiota Dysbiosis Inflammati

fRAP 2.0:a community engagement method applied to cervical cancer disparities among Hispanic women

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S02期12卷 44-57页

作者： Autumn m Kieber-Emmons susan E Hansen michael Topmiller Jaskaran Grewal Carlos Roberto Jaen Benjamin F Crabtree William L miller Department of Family medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA College of medicine USFTampaFloridaUSA Lehigh Valley Health Network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA American Academy of Family Physicians-Health Landscape CincinattiOHUSA Lafayette College EastonPennsylvaniaUSA UT Health San Antonio San AntonioTexasUSA Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson medical School PiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

focused Rapid Assessment Process(fRAP)2.0 is a community engagement approach combining geospatial mapping with rapid qualitative assessment in cyclical fashion within communities to capture multifactorial and multilevel features impacting primary care *** 2.0 offers primary care researchers a methodology framework for exploring complex community features that impact primary healthcare delivery and *** fRAP 2.0 study design expands the fRAP from a sequential design to a cyclical process of geospatial mapping and rapid qualitative assessment in search of modifiable contextual *** participants are stakeholders from various socioecological levels whose perspectives inform study outcomes that they may use to then become the agents of change for the very problems they helped ***,we present a proof-of-concept study for fRAP 2.0 examining disparities in cervical cancer mortality rates among Hispanic women in *** primary outcomes of interest are features at the community level,medical health system level and regional government policy levels that offer opportunities for collaborative interventions to improve cervical cancer *** this study,geospatial mapping of county and ZIP code-level variables impacting postdiagnosis cervical cancer care at community,medical and policy levels were created using publicly available data and then overlaid with maps created with Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical cancer cases in three of the largest population *** disparate areas were then qualitatively explored using participant observation and ethnographic field work,alongside 39 key informant *** discussion groups and stakeholder engagement existed at every phase of the *** the fRAP 2.0 method,we created an action-oriented roadmap of next steps to improve cervical cancer care disparities in the three Texas counties with emphasis on the high disparity *** identified local change

关键词： cervical qualitative policy

Local tips, global impact: community-driven measures as avenues of promoting inclusion in the control of neglected tropical diseases: a case study in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第4期11卷 81-90页

作者： Elizabeth A.Ochola Diana m.S.Karanja susan J.Elliott Department of Geography and Environmental management University ofWaterlooWaterlooONCanada

Background:Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)affect poor populations with little or no’’political voice’to influence control *** most NTDs have interventions that work,the biggest challenge remains in delivering targeted interventions to affected populations residing in areas experiencing weak health *** the upward development trends in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),the healthcare worker to population ratio remains exceptionally low,with some areas not served at all;thus,there is a need to involve other personnel for school and community-based healthcare ***,the current community-based programs suffer from inconsistent community participation due to a lack of coordinated response,and an expanded intervention agenda that lacks context-specific solutions applicable to rural,urban,and marginalized ***:This research investigated the capacity of local communities to address the burden of *** by the social theory of human capability,the research collected primary qualitative data by conducting key informant interviews and focus group discussions of people infected or affected by *** interview data were collected and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis using Nvivo version ***:Our findings reveal,first,a need for intersectoral collaboration between governments and affected populations for inclusive and sustainable NTD ***,a’’bottom-up’approach that enhances capacity building,sensitization,and behaviour change for improved uptake of NTD ***,the enforcement of Public Health Legislative Acts that mandates the reporting and treatment of NTDs such as ***,the establishment of support groups and counseling services to assist persons suffering from debilitating and permanent effects of ***:Our research demonstrates the importance of human agency in encouraging new forms of participation leading to the co-production of inclusive and susta

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Control Community-driven measure Local solution Global impact Inclusion Kenya

Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis:A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity

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World Journal of Nephrology 2022年第2期11卷 39-57页

作者： Bernard Canaud Jeroen P Kooman Nicholas m Selby maarten Taal Andreas maierhofer Pascal Kopperschmidt susan Francis Allan Collins Peter Kotanko Global medical Office Fresenius Medical CareBad Homburg 61352Germany Department of Nephrology Montpellier UniversityMontpellier 34000France Department of Internal medicine Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6229 HXNetherlands Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation Academic Unit for Translational Medical SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamDerby DE223DTUnited Kingdom Global Research Development Fresenius Medical CareSchweinfurt 97424Germany University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72RDUnited Kingdom Renal Research Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10065United States

The development of maintenance hemodialysis(HD)for end stage kidney disease patients is a success story that continues to save many ***,intermittent renal replacement therapy is also a source of recurrent stress for *** thrice weekly short HD is an imperfect treatment that only partially corrects uremic abnormalities,increases cardiovascular risk,and exacerbates disease *** cycles of fluid loading associated with cardiac stretching(interdialytic phase)and then fluid unloading(intradialytic phase)likely contribute to cardiac and vascular *** unphysiologic treatment profile combined with cyclic disturbances including osmotic and electrolytic shifts may contribute to morbidity in dialysis patients and augment the health burdenof treatment. As such, HD patients are exposed to multiple stressors including cardiocirculatory,inflammatory, biologic, hypoxemic, and nutritional. This cascade of events can be termed thedialysis stress storm and sickness syndrome. mitigating cardiovascular risk and morbidityassociated with conventional intermittent HD appears to be a priority for improving patientexperience and reducing disease burden. In this in-depth review, we summarize the hidden effectsof intermittent HD therapy, and call for action to improve delivered HD and develop treatmentschedules that are better tolerated and associated with fewer adverse effects.

关键词： End stage kidney disease Cardiovascular mortality Dialytic morbidity Circulatory stress Biologic storm Dialysis sickness Personalized medicine

Fuel characteristics, loads and consumption in Scots pine forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova Elena A.Kukavskaya Valery A.Ivanov susan G.Conard Douglas J.mcRae V.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-separate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 m.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in plots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** developed equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be applicable to similar pine forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among plots is related to the impact and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consumption due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from prefi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(PV-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained provide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem processes and carbon stocks and could be used to improve existing global and regional models that incorporate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consumption