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Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaem.c lesions at 1 m.nth: the ATTUNE study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos Sharobeam.Longting Lin Christina Lam.Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel m.tthew Lee-Archer Andrew Wong m.chael Roizm.n Am.nda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee m.ng Tan susan Day Christopher Levi Stephen m.Davis m.rk Parsons Bernard Yan m.lbourne Brain Centre at Royal m.lbourne Hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland School of m.dicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of m.dicine and Public Health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background The optim.l tim. to com.ence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaem.c stroke or transient ischaem.c attack(TIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recom.endations.A lim.tation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted im.ging ischaem.c *** aim.d to quantify silent ischaem.c lesions and haem.rrhages on m.I at 1m.nth in patients com.enced on early(m.c lesions and m.re haem.rrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-m.nth *** A prospective m.lticentre,observational cohort study was perform.d at 11 Australian stroke *** and m.I data were collected at baseline and follow-up,with blinded im.ging assessm.nt perform.d by two *** of com.encem.nt of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke *** We recruited 276 patients of whom.208 m.t the eligibility *** average age was 74.2 years(SD±10.63),and 79(38%)patients were *** National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5(IQR 1–12).m.dian baseline ischaem.c lesion volum. was 5m.(IQR 2–17).There were a greater num.er of new ischaem.c lesions on follow-up m.I in patients com.enced on anticoagulation≥4days after index event(17%vs 8%,p=0.04),but no difference in haem.rrhage rates(22%vs 32%,p=0.10).Baseline ischaem.c lesion volum. of≤5m. was less likely to have a new haem.rrhage at 1m.nth(p=0.02).There was no difference in haem.rrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaem.c lesion volum. of>5m.,regardless of anticoagulation *** Com.encing anticoagulationm.c lesions at 1m.nth in AF *** is no increased rate of haem.rrhage with early *** results suggest that early anticoagulation after m.ld-to-m.derate acute ischaem.c stroke associated w

关键词： patients lesions ischaem.c

Erlotinib com.ination with a m.tochondria-targeted ubiquinone effectively suppresses pancreatic cancer cell survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 714-726页

作者： Pui-Yin Leung Wenjing Chen Anissa N Sari Poojitha Sitaram.Pui-Kei Wu susan Tsai Jong-In Park Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Departm.nt of Surgery Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related *** activity of the epiderm.l growth factor receptor(EGFR)is often observed in pancreatic cancer,and the sm.ll m.lecule EGFR inhibitor erlotinib has been approved for pancreatic cancer therapy by the food and drug ***,erlotinib alone is ineffective and should be com.ined with other drugs to im.rove therapeutic *** previously showed that certain receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors can increase m.tochondrial m.m.rane potential(Δψm.,facilitate tum.r cell uptake ofΔψm.sensitive agents,disrupt m.tochondrial hom.ostasis,and subsequently trigger tum.r cell *** has not been tested for this *** To determ.ne whether erlotinib can elevateΔψm.and increase tum.r cell uptake ofΔψm.sensitive agents,subsequently triggering tum.r cell ***Δψm.sensitive fluorescent dye was used to determ.ne how erlotinib affectsΔψm.in pancreatic adenocarcinom.(PDAC)cell *** viability of conventional and patient-derived prim.ry PDAC cell lines in 2D-and 3D cultures was m.asured after treating cells sequentially with erlotinib and m.tochondria-targeted ubiquinone(m.toQ),aΔψm.sensitive *** synergy between erlotinib and m.toQ was then analyzed using SynergyFinder *** preclinical efficacy of the twodrug com.ination was determ.ned using im.une-com.rom.sed nude m.ce bearing PDAC cell line *** Erlotinib elevatedΔψm.in PDAC cells,facilitating tum.r cell uptake and m.tochondrial enrichm.nt ofΔψm.sensitive *** triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis in PDAC cells in culture if used at high doses,while erlotinib pretreatm.nt potentiated low doses of *** suggested that these drugs synergistically induced tum.r cell *** with in vitro data,erlotinib and m.toQ com.ination suppressed hum.n PDAC cell line xenografts in m.ce m.re effectively than single treatm.nts of each *** Our findings suggest tha

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Erlotinib m.tochondria-targeted ubiquinone m.tochondria Com.ination therapy

Initial im.acts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in com.ined sewer： field-scale experim.nt

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam.Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou susan m. m.rgan Andrew Bartlett Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot storm.ater runott, leading to reduced com.ined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the im.act of rain gardens on the water quality and volum. reduction of storm.runoff from.urban streets in a com.ined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, m.ssouri. The im.act was assessed through a com.arison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of m.rcury was lower than the detection level in both phases. E. coli was the only param.ter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in m.nitored water quality param.ters is that the post-construction sam.ling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from.soil erosion and wash-out from.the m.lch. However, the levels of m.st of water quality param.ters decreased in the following tim. period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volum. reduction of storm.ater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of m.asured flows resulted from.low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Com.ined sewer Storm.ater quality and quantity

Current and near-term.advances in Earth observation for ecological applications

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 1-57页

作者： susan L.Ustin Elizabeth m.m.ddleton John m.ir Institute of the Environm.nt University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(Em.rita) GreenbeltMD 20771USA.

There is an unprecedented array of new satellite technologies with capabilities for advancing our understanding of ecological processes and the changing com.osition of the Earth’s biosphere at scales from.local plots to the whole *** identified 48 instrum.nts and 13 platform. with m.ltiple instrum.nts that are of broad interest to the environm.ntal sciences that either collected data in the 2000s,were recently launched,or are planned for launch in this *** have restricted our review to instrum.nts that prim.rily observe terrestrial landscapes or coastal m.rgins and are available under free and open data *** focused on im.gers that passively m.asure wavelengths in the reflected solar and em.tted therm.l *** suite of instrum.nts we describe m.asure land surface characteristics,including land cover,but provide a m.re detailed m.nitoring of ecosystem.,plant com.unities,and even som. species then possible from.historic *** newer instrum.nts have potential to greatly im.rove our understanding of ecosystem.functional relationships am.ng plant traits like leaf m.ss area(Lm.),total nitrogen content,and leaf area index(LAI).They provide new inform.tion on physiological processes related to photosynthesis,transpiration and respiration,and stress detection,including capabilities to m.asure key plant and soil biophysical *** include canopy and soil tem.erature and em.ssivity,chlorophyll fluorescence,and biogeochem.cal contents like photosynthetic pigm.nts(e.g.,chlorophylls,carotenoids,and phycobiliproteins from.cyanobacteria),water,cellulose,lignin,and nitrogen in foliar *** data will enable us to quantify and characterize various soil properties such as iron content,several types of soil clays,organic m.tter,and other *** of these satellites are in low Earth orbit(LEO),but we include a few in geostationary orbit(GEO)because of their potential to m.asure plant physiological traits over diurnal periods,im.ro

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observing Satellites Ecosystem.processes Physiological functions m.ltispectral Hyperspectral Therm.l LiDAR Radar im.gers Biochem.stry Soil properties Species m.pping Change detection 3D canopy structure Topography

The potential of bone m.rphogenetic protein 2 as a neurotrophic factor for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1432-1436页

作者： susan R.Goulding Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard W.O’Keeffe Louise m.Collins Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland Departm.nt of Anatom. and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre University College CorkCorkIreland Departm.nt of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the second m.st com.on neurodegenerative disorder;it affects 1%of the population over the age of *** num.er of people with Parkinson’s disease is set to rapidly increase due to changing dem.graphics and there is an unm.t clinical need for disease-m.difying *** pathological hallm.rks of Parkinson’s disease are the progressive degeneration of dopam.nergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their axons which project to the striatum.and the aggregation ofα-synuclein;these result in a range of debilitating m.tor and non-m.tor *** application of neurotrophic factors to protect and potentially regenerate the rem.ining dopam.nergic neurons is a m.jor area of research ***,this strategy has had lim.ted success to *** trials of two well-known neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have reported lim.ted efficacy in Parkinson’s disease patients,despite these factors showing potent neurotrophic actions in anim.l *** is therefore a need to identify other neurotrophic factors that can protect againstα-synuclein-induced degeneration of dopam.nergic *** bone m.rphogenetic protein(Bm.)fam.ly is the largest subgroup of the transform.ng growth factor-βsuperfam.ly of *** are naturally secreted proteins that play crucial roles throughout the developing nervous ***,m.ny Bm.s have been shown to be potent neurotrophic factors for dopam.nergic *** we discuss recent work showing that transcripts for the Bm. receptors and Bm.2 are co-expressed with several key m.rkers of dopam.nergic neurons in the hum.n substantia nigra,and evidence for downregulation of Bm.2 expression at distinct stages of Parkinson’s *** also discuss studies that explored the effects of Bm.2 treatm.nt,in in vitro and in vivo m.dels of Parkinson’s *** studies found potent effects of Bm.2 on dopam.nergic neurites,which is im.ortant given that axon deg

关键词： axon growth Bm.2 dopam.nergic neurons neuroprotection neurotrophic factor neuroregeneration Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

Biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase:the Janus face of thym.quinone

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 401-408页

作者： Charlotte Detrem.erie Paul m.Vanhoutte susan Leung Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Pharm.cy and State Key Laboratory for Pharm.ceutical Biotechnology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The natural com.ound thym.quinone, extracted from.Nigella sativa(black cum.n), is widely used in hum.ns for its anti-oxidative properties. Thym.quinone is known for its acute endothelium.ndependent vasodilator effects in isolated rat aortae and pulm.nary arteries, depending in part on activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium.channels and inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium.channels. The com.ound also im.roves endothelial dysfunction in m.senteric arteries of ageing rodents and in aortae of rabbits treated with pyrogallol, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Serendipitously,thym.quinone was found to augm.nt contractions in isolated arteries with endothelium.of both rats and pigs. The endothelium.dependent augm.ntation it causes counterintuitively depends on biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase(sGC) producing inosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate(cyclic Im.) rather than guanosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate. This phenom.non shows a striking m.chanistic sim.larity to the hypoxic augm.ntation previously observed in porcine coronary arteries. The cyclic Im. preferentially produced under thym.quinone exposure causes an increased contractility of arterial sm.oth m.scle by interfering with calcium.hom.ostasis. This brief review sum.arizes the vascular pharm.cology of thym.quinone, focussing in particular on how the com.ound causes endothelium.dependent contractions by biasing the activity of sGC.

关键词： Thym.quinone Endothelium.dependentcontraction Nitric oxide Soluble guanylyl cyclase Cyclic Im. NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-stream.ng video dem.nstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren m.GUILLETTE susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determ.ning the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool m.nufacture,could be im.roved if m.re experim.ntal control could be gained over the exact public inform.tion that is provided by the dem.nstrator,to the observing *** video playback allows the experim.nter to choose what inform.tion is provided but will only be useful in determ.ning the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from.videos in a m.nner that is sim.lar to live *** goal of the current experim.nt was to test whether live-stream.d video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the m.terial choice dem.nstrated to ***,m.les that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between m.terials of 2 *** observers then watched live-stream.footage of a fam.liar dem.nstrator building a nest with m.terial of the color that the observer did not *** this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with m.terials of the 2 *** two-thirds of the observer m.les preferred m.terial of the dem.nstrated color after viewing the dem.nstrator build a nest with m.terial of that color m.re than they had previously,their preference for the dem.nstrated m.terial was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live dem.nstrator builders in a previous *** results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video dem.nstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

Recent advances and future directions in preclinical research of argininevasopressin(AVP) receptor blocker conivaptan in the context of stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 392-393页

作者： Em.l Zeynalov susan m.Jones Swedish m.dical Center Neurotrauma Research Department Englewood

Stroke is a m.jor cause of m.rtality and perm.nent *** onset of stroke is followed by life-threatening pathophysiological responses including brain edem.,elevation of intracranial pressure,disruption of blood-brain barrier（BBB）,brain infarct and perm.nent tissue *** edem. develops due to accum.lation of water in intracellular and extracellular com.artm.nts of the brain,

关键词： edem. perm.nent disability intracranial elevation blocker infarct disruption advances m.rtality

Academ.c Scientists at Work: Navigating the Biom.dical Research Career 1

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