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Soil health: model programs in the USA

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第3期7卷 356-361页

作者： C.wayne honeycut cristine l.s.morgan pipa elias michael doane john mesko rob myers lakisha odom bianca moebius-clune ron nichols soil health institute morrisvillenc 27560usa the nature conservancy arlingtonva 22203usa soil health partnership chesterfieldmo 63005usa sustainable agriculture research and education columbiamo 65211usa foundation for food and agriculture research washingtondc 20004usa united states department of agriculture natural resources conservation servicewashingtondc 20250usa holly springs lane greensboronc 27455usa

Population growth, increasing drought, and natural resources degradation are significant global ***, management practices to improve soil health can address many of these issues in ways that are both good forthe farmer and the environment. In 2012, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural ResourcesConservation Service initiated its“Unlock the Secrets in the Soil” campaign to assist farmers and ranchers with adoptingsoil health systems. Other notable efforts at the federal level include research and education projects by USDAAgricultural Research Service, National Instituite of Food and Agriculture, and Sustainable Agriculture Research andEducation program. The importance of improving soil health is also recognized far beyond federal government *** Soil Health Institute, a nonprofit charity, was established to safeguard and enhance the vitality and productivity of soilthrough scientific research and adoption. Crop commodity organizations are promoting soil health, such as the Soil HealthPartnership. The Nature Conservancy is helping companies and private landowners incorporate soil health into theirsustainability efforts. Such efforts are supported by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, as well as by someof the leading global food companies such as General Mills. These are just a few of the many efforts to improve soil healthin the USA. The significance of the expanding global population, natural resource challenges, and responsibilities tocurrent and future generations truly make enhancing soil health a global imperative.

关键词： carbon sequestration climate change environmental quality farmer programs water quality

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Emerging infectious diseases and risks for transfusion safety;past,present and future

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中国输血杂志 2010年第10期23卷 883-884页

作者： susan Stramer American Red Cross

Over the last 10 years,HIV,HCV and HBV have been the focus of blood safety with respect to decreases in infectious disease *** addition,screening for WNV RNA and Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies have been introduced in response to risks posed by different exposures in our donor ***,HCV and HBV for the most part share similar transmission routes (i.e.,parenteral and known risk behaviors) and questioning of donors along with increasingly sensitive blood donor screening tests have been responsible for the vast majority of observed reductions in residual *** example,since the implementation of HIV-1/HCV NAT in the US,the American Red Cross (ARC) has detected 244 (1:270 000) HCV-infected donors and 32 (1:2 million) HIV-infected donors over the last 10 years of testing of greater than 66 million donations. Current,per-donation residual risks are estimated at 1:1 467 000 for HIV and 1:1 149 000 for HCV[1].Although higher,prior to the widespread implementation of HBV NAT,the HBV per donation residual risk from the same ARC donor population is estimated at 1:280 000-1:357 000[2]. These figures were derived by taking the product of estimated donor incidence of 3-5 per 100 000 person years and remaining window periods that range from 9.1-7.4 days for HIV and HCV,and 30-38 days for *** methods for estimates of yield and residual risk have been used worldwide.

关键词：风险估计传染性疾病艾滋病病毒感染者安全丙型肝炎病毒乙型肝炎病毒输血西尼罗河病毒

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心理学改变世界

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作者： Robert j. Sternberg susan T. Fiske Donald j. Foss

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Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： jozef I Nissimov Mark jones johnathan A Napier Colin B Munn susan A Kimmance Michael j Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the major capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the majority of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Major capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase Functional biodiversity

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Role of short-term dispersal on the dynamics of Zika virus in an extreme idealized environment

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第1期2卷 21-34页

作者： Victor M.Moreno Baltazar Espinoza Derdei Bichara susan A.Holechek Carlos Castillo-Chavez Simon A.Levin Mathematical Computational and Modeling Sciences CenterArizona State UniversityP.O.Box 873901TempeAZ 85287-3901United States Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5401United States School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-4501United States Department of Mathematics and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics California State UniversityFullertonCA 92831United States Departamento the Ingenieria Biomedica Universidad de Los AndesBogotaColombia Rector's Office Yachay Tech UniversityUrcuquiEcuador

In November 2015,El Salvador reported their first case of Zika virus(ZIKV)infection,an event followed by an explosive outbreak that generated over 6000 suspected cases in a period of two *** agencies began implementing control measures that included vector control and recommending an increased use of ***,in response to the alarming and growing number of microcephaly cases in Brazil,the importance of avoiding pregnancies for two years was *** this paper,we explore the role of mobility within communities characterized by extreme poverty,crime and ***,the role of short term mobility between two idealized interconnected highly distinct communities is explored in the context of ZIKV *** make use of a Lagrangian modeling approach within a two-patch setting in order to highlight the possible effects that short-term mobility,within highly distinct environments,may have on the dynamics of ZIKV outbreak when the overall goal is to reduce the number of cases not just in the most affluent areas but *** depend on existing mobility patterns,levels of disease risk,and the ability of federal or state public health services to invest in resource limited areas,particularly in those where violence is *** results of simulations in highly polarized and simplified scenarios are used to assess the role of *** quickly became evident that matching observed patterns of ZIKV outbreaks could not be captured without incorporating increasing levels of *** number of distinct patches and variations on patch connectivity structure required to match ZIKV patterns could not be met within the highly aggregated model that is used in the simulations.

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Zika virus Residence times Multi-patch model

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Hepatitis C virus cures after direct acting antiviral-related drug-induced liver injury: Case report

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World journal of Hepatology 2016年第20期8卷 858-862页

作者： Yaakov Hasin Shimon Shteingart Harel Dahari Inna Gafanovich Sharon Floru Marius Braun Amir Shlomai Anthony Verstandig Ilana Dery susan L Uprichard Scott j Cotler Yoav Lurie Liver Unit Digestive Disease Institute Shaare Zedek Medical Center the Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling Division of Hepa-tology Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical Center "Bat Yamon" Internal Medicine Day Care Clalit Health Care Organization Liver Institute Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Hospital Petah-Tiqwa Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Invasive Radiology Unit Shaare Zedek Medical Center

The United States Food and Drug Administration recently warned that the direct acting antiviral(DAA) combination hepatitis C virus(HCV) treatment of Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, Dasabuvir, Ritonavir, and Ribavirin(PODr + R) can cause severe liver injury in patients with advanced liver disease. Drug induced liver injury was observed in a small number of patients with decompensated cirrhosis treated with other DAAs, but has not been reported in patients with compensated cirrhosis. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman with chronic HCV and Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis(compensated cirrhosis) treated with PODr + R. The patient presented on day 14 of PODr + R therapy with jaundice and new-onset ascites. Her total bilirubin level increased to 23 mg/dL and international normalized ratio rose to 1.65, while aminotransferase levels remained relatively stable. Hepatitis C treatment was discontinued on day 24 and she gradually recovered. Follow-up testing showed that she achieved a sustained virologic response. In conclusion, hepatic decompensation developed within two weeks of starting treatment withPODr + R in a patient with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis and was characterized by jaundice and ascites with stable aminotransferase levels. Careful monitoring is warranted in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis treated with PODr + R.

关键词： Direct antiviral agent Drug-induced liver injury Hepatitis C Mathematical modeling Sustained virological response Viral kinetics

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The Decarbonization of Construction—How Can Alkali-Activated Materials Contribute?

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： john L.Provis susan A.Bernal Zuhua Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currently being paid to the decarbonization of the global built environment as a leading priority for the engineering community and related industrial sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overall emissions footprint of the built environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profile of construction materials during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the largest-volume contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the world’s construction material needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversible damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Alkali corners irreversible

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加拿大GEOMATICS行业综述

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测绘技术装备 1995年第3期 49-56页

作者： j.McLaughlin S.nichols 李汉武

1992年加拿大工业与科学协会进行了一项研究,来评价加拿大GEOMATICS行业的现状和估计强化行业竞争地位新面临的问题、机遇和策略。社会正在进入一个以信息技术,数据共享,新服务和整体的多学科的求解为基础的新时代,需要重新评价行业的... 详细信息

1992年加拿大工业与科学协会进行了一项研究,来评价加拿大GEOMATICS行业的现状和估计强化行业竞争地位新面临的问题、机遇和策略。社会正在进入一个以信息技术,数据共享,新服务和整体的多学科的求解为基础的新时代,需要重新评价行业的优势与劣势。该研究试图进行这种评估并概述国家GEOMATICS市场格局的方方面面。

关键词：加拿大领域北美洲行业综述 GEOMATICS 投资者私营部门市场竟争美元本位币

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Does Selection for Seedling Tiller Number in Perennial Biomass Feedstocks Translate to Yield and Quality Improvements in Mature Swards?

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1223-1234页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Kenneth P. Vogel susan j. Tunnell james L. Stubbendieck Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

Breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous perennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for bioenergy or forage. In previously reported research, breeding for single large tillers (ST) or multiple tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after planting for two generations in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) base populations produced ST and MT populations that differed significantly for seedling and mature plant traits including biomass yield in spaced planted nurseries. Our objective was to evaluate these ST and MT populations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on biomass yield and quality when the plants were grown in competitive sward conditions. Big bluestem monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated at three locations in Nebraska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized complete block experiments with four replicates. Switchgrass monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized complete block with six replicates. In both big bluestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT populations did not consistently differ from the base population or each other for biomass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating perennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown plants or space-planted nurseries to develop selection criteria and make selection decisions.

关键词： Seedling Tiller Number Perennial Biomass

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Hybrid energy module for remote environmental observations, experiments, and communications

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Advances in Polar Science 2020年第3期31卷 156-166页

作者： Misha B.KRASSOVSKI jeffery S.RIGGS Chris TAVINO Stan D.WULLSCHLEGER susan L.HEINZ Environmental Sciences Division Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831-6290USA Integrated Operations Support Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831-6290USA Laboratory Modernization Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831-6290USA

Increased concerns about climate change have led to a significant expansion of monitoring, observational, and experimental sites in remote areas of the world. Meanwhile, advances in technology and availability of low-power equipment have allowed increasingly sophisticated measurements with a wide variety of instruments. However, the deployment and use of these technologies in remote locations is often restricted not only by harsh environmental conditions, but also by the availability of electrical power and communication options. In some cases, research stations and military installations can provide power for scientific equipment, data acquisition, storage, and transmission. Clustering of research sites near existing infrastructure has had the unintended consequence of limiting a spatial understanding of large geographic regions. Fortunately, the modern market offers many power and communication solutions, but most of them are oriented toward large industrial applications. Use of those solutions to power a research site is limited because of their cost and need for significant modification for the specific research purposes. Each study has its own unique power requirements and needs for proper instrumentation. A power and communication solution for a vast majority of implementations with or without modification would be of considerable benefit. This article describes design of a universal, scalable hybrid energy module for the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments Arctic project(https://***/). Two modules were built, and the authors describe their implementation and findings over a 2-year period at a remote field site on the Seward Peninsula in western Alaska, USA.

关键词： solar energy wind energy communications power sources alternative energy NGEE Arctic

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