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Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection without cirrhosis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4061-4065页

作者： Kathryn L Nash Tracy Woodall Ashley SM Brown susan E Davies Graeme JM Alexander Department of Hepatology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Mailpoint 255Southampton General HospitalTremona RoadSouthamptonHampshire SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Department of MedicineSt Mary's HospitalPraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate and characterise patients with chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) in the absence of ***:Patients with chronic hepatitis c infection without cirrhosis presenting with Hcc over a 2-year period were *** clinical case notes,blood test results and histological specimens were reviewed to identify whether additional risk factors for the development of Hcc were ***:Six patients(five male,one female) with chronic hepatitis c infection without cirrhosis presented to a single centre with Hcc over a 2-year *** patients were treated by surgical resection and one patient underwent liver *** of generous histological specimens confirmed the presence of Hcc and the absence of cirrhosis in all *** degree of fibrosis of the background liver was staged as mild(n = 1),moderate(n = 4) or bridging fibrosis(n = 1).Review of the clinical case notes revealed that all cases had an additional risk factor for the development of Hcc(four had evidence of past hepatitis B virus infection;two had a history of excessive alcohol consumption;a further patient had prolonged exposure to immune suppression).cONcLUSION:Hcc does occur in patients with non-cirrhotic HcV infection who have other risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-cirrhotic Screening

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Natural compounds and extracts from Mexican medicinal plants with anti-leishmaniasis activity: An update

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1105-1110页

作者： Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo susan Drier-Jonas María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialAv. Cuauhtémoc 330Col. DoctoresDelg. Cuauhtémoc06720 Ciudad de MéxicoMexico

Leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging, uncontrolled disease and is endemic in 98 countries. Annually, about 2 million cases of cutaneous and 500000 cases of visceraltype leishmaniasis are recorded and 60000 persons died from the disease. In Mexico,cutaneous leishmaniasis is known as chiclero's ulcer and is reported in 22 states, it is considered as a health problem. For its treatment, pentavalent antimonial drugs are administered. These drugs cause severe side effects, are costly. Drug-resistant cases have been reported and have been developing for over 70 years. One alternative to the drugs that are currently available is to find active molecules in medicinal plants. Dihydrocorynantheine, corynantheine and corynantheidine are active against Leishmania major,while harmane, pleiocarpin, buchtienin, luteolin and quercetin are active against Leishmania donovani. In Mexico, about 20 medicinal plants have been evaluated against Leishmania mexicana, among which the most active are Tridax procumbens, Lonchocarpus xuul and Pentalinon andrieuxii. From these plants, active compounds with Ic_(50)≤30 mg/mL or m M have been isolated, such as 3(S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol or Oxylipin, cholestra-4,20,24-trien-3-one or pentalinosterol, 24-methylcholest-4-24(28)-dien-3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, 6,7-dihydroneridie-none, neridienone, cholest-5,20,24-trien-3β-ol, and isocordoin. Today, only pentalinonsterol has been synthesized and assayed in the visceral leishmaniasis experimental model using BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Liposome formulation of this compound administered by intravenous route at 2.5 mg/kg showed a significant reduction of parasite load in mouse liver and spleen.

关键词： Active extracts Leishmaniasis Antileishmanicidal activity Natural compounds Mexican medicinal plants

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Statistical Analysis of Small Holder Farmer Financial Exclusion: case Study of Migori county, Kenya

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Open Journal of Statistics 2022年第5期12卷 733-742页

作者： susan A. Okeyo Galcano c. Mulaku collins M. Mwange Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

There are estimated to be approximately 600 million small scale farmers globally, and they produce most of the food consumed, especially in the developing countries. The farmers, however, are often unable to obtain optimal crop yields due to their exclusion from the financial systems in their countries, which deem them too high risk to lend to. This results in the farmers being unable to afford optimal inputs into their farms, hence depressing their yields and the level of food security. This study aimed to statistically determine whether the small scale farmers of Migori county in Kenya are financially excluded or not, and to what extent. Data were collected from the farmers through a questionnaire survey, and subsequent statistical analysis has shown that indeed the small scale farmers of Migori are financially excluded to a large extent. consideration of non-financial data in the farmers’ credit rating has been recommended as a way forward towards their financial inclusivity. This study provides scientific proof of smallholder farmer financial exclusion, which proof is generally difficult to find, especially in the developing countries.

关键词： Small Holder Farmer Financial Exclusion Migori Kenya

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剑桥国际英语教程(第3版)学生用书 [3版]

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2007年

作者： jack c. richards，jonathan hull，susan proctor[]

本书按照主题分类，单元练习分为话题性和功能性两类；每2个单元之后有一个复习单元；书的后一部分还有针对各个单元的交际活动和自学听力练习。

ISBN: (纸本)7560062431

本书按照主题分类，单元练习分为话题性和功能性两类；每2个单元之后有一个复习单元；书的后一部分还有针对各个单元的交际活动和自学听力练习。

关键词：英语英语

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Leveraging Geospatial Technology for Smallholder Farmer credit Scoring

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第5期15卷 524-539页

作者： susan A. Okeyo Galcano c. Mulaku collins M. Mwange Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), there are about 500 million smallholder farmers in the world, and in developing countries, such farmers produce about 80% of the food consumed there;their farming activities are therefore critical to the economies of their countries and to the global food security. However, these farmers face the challenges of limited access to credit, often due to the fact that many of them farm on unregistered land that cannot be offered as collateral to lending institutions;but even when they are on registered land, the fear of losing such land that they should default on loan payments often prevents them from applying for farm credit;and even if they apply, they still get disadvantaged by low credit scores (a measure of creditworthiness). The result is that they are often unable to use optimal farm inputs such as fertilizer and good seeds among others. This depresses their yields, and in turn, has negative implications for the food security in their communities, and in the world, hence making it difficult for the UN to achieve its sustainable goal no.2 (no hunger). This study aimed to demonstrate how geospatial technology can be used to leverage farm credit scoring for the benefit of smallholder farmers. A survey was conducted within the study area to identify the smallholder farms and farmers. A sample of surveyed farmers was then subjected to credit scoring by machine learning. In the first instance, the traditional financial data approach was used and the results showed that over 40% of the farmers could not qualify for credit. When non-financial geospatial data, i.e. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was introduced into the scoring model, the number of farmers not qualifying for credit reduced significantly to 24%. It is concluded that the introduction of the NDVI variable into the traditional scoring model could improve significantly the smallholder farmers’ chances of accessing cred

关键词： credit Scoring Machine Learning Geospatial Technology Migori

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Association patterns reveal dispersalaggregation dynamics among cattle in a South Texas Rangeland,USA

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 323-332页

作者： christopher cheleuitte-Nieves Humberto L.Perotto-Baldivieso X.Ben Wu susan M.cooper Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University2120 TAMU320 WFES BuildingCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Present Address:center of comparative Medicine and Pathology Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1300 York Ave.E-703ENew YorkNY 10065USA caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 1619 Garner Field RoadUvaldeTX 78801USA

Introduction:The spatial association dynamics of free-ranging cattle herds are not fully understood;however,they can have a direct influence on the spatial patterns of resource *** aim of our study was to examine new analytical methods of identifying the spatio-temporal patterns of behavioral dynamics that determine cattle herd dispersal in the semi-arid rangelands of South *** fitted 10 free-ranging cows with global positioning system collars and obtained positions every 5 min for each animal for 21-day trials,twice during the summer and winter *** used an association pattern recognition software(ASSOc1)and the herd center of gravity to identify the spatial and temporal thresholds that defined dispersion-aggregation patterns and individual position to determine their relation to social ***:The association pattern defining herd membership was that animals spent 70%of their time within 200 m of each *** ranking did not appear to influence association membership or position within the *** cattle showed a more dispersed distribution during summer,but in winter,herd members behaved in a more aggregated *** distribution is contrary to patterns described in more northerly and mountainous ***:The spatial thresholds of the cattle herd and the overall distance of all members to the center of the herd were smaller during winter and larger during summer,indicating that this study herd congregated during the winter and dispersed during the *** this study uses a herd of 10 individuals in a 100 ha pasture to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamics,our results provide evidence of the ability of current tracking and spatial association tools to detect and quantify seasonal changes in cattle herd dispersion-aggregation *** use of these data collection and analysis methods could prove useful in larger cattle herds,increase our understanding of herd spatiotemporal behavior,and subsequently he

关键词： Bos taurus Global positioning system(GPS) GPS collar Herd dispersal Social dominance Sub-herd Spatiotemporal pattern of resource use

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cytokinome profile evaluation in patients with hepatitis c virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9261-9269页

作者： Francesca capone Eliana Guerriero Giovanni colonna Patrizia Maio Alessandra Mangia Giuseppe castello susan costantini centro Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano IstitutoNazionale per lo Studio e la CuradeiTumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"IRCCS Biochemistry Biophysics and General Pathology DepartmentSecond University of Naples Department of Infectious Diseases "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital Liver Unit IRCCS Casa SollievodellaSofferenza Hospital

The ‘‘omics sciences’’ (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) are often used to study living organisms as a whole system by evaluating the complex expression patterns of genes, miRNA, proteins, and metabolites. This study aimed, through bioinformatics and systems biology, to decipher the cytokinome profile in the evolution of inflammatory processes leading to cancer. The cytokinome was defined as the totality of cytokines and their interactions in and around biological cells. The system biology approach would provide a better understanding of the complex interaction network of cytokines, especially in cancer patients. Acquired knowledge would enable health providers with tools to evaluate disease onset through progression as well as identifying innovative therapeutic strategies. Understanding the role each cytokine plays in the metabolic network is of great importance. This paper reviews our group’s ‘‘omics’’ work. In particular, it addresses the role cytokines play in liver disease in six different scenarios. The first is the role the cytokines play in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. The second is the significance of the cytokinome profile. The third is the role of liver cirrhosis as an inflammatory disease. The fourth is the comparison of cytokine levels evaluated in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (HcV) or with HcV-related cirrhosis. The fifth is the comparison of cytokine levels evaluated in patients with HcV-related cirrhosis in the presence and absence of type 2 diabetes. And lastly, we present a comparison of cytokine levels evaluated in patients with HcV-related cirrhosis in the presence and absence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： cytokinome Hepatitis c virus cirrhosis Type 2 diabetes Hepatocellular carcinoma Interactome Systems biology

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Increase of beta-amyloid and c-reactive protein in liver transplant recipients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第4期12卷 370-376页

作者： Xing Li Da-Xiang Wen Yan-Hong Zhao Yan-Nan Hang M susan Mandell Department of Anesthesiology Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of TCM Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Health Science Center DenverAuroraColorado USA

BAcKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POcD) is an adverse condition characterized by declined cognitive functions following surgeries and anesthesia. POcD has been associated with increased hospital stay and mortality. There are histological similarities to Alzheimer’s disease. Most early studies were conducted in patients receiving cardiac surgery. Since there is no information about POcD in liver transplant recipients, we measured the incidence of POcD in patients after liver transplantation and examined the correlation between neurological dysfunction and biological markers of dementia- based diseases. METHODS: We studied 25 patients who had a liver transplan- tation between July 2008 and February 2009. Patients with prior encephalopathy or risk factors associated with the development of POcD were excluded from the study. Five validated neuropsychiatric tests were used for diagnosis. The diagnosis was based on one standard deviation decline in two of the five neuropsychiatric tests. The correlation between patient variables and the development of POcD was examined. Serum levels of beta-amyloid and c-reactive protein were measured by standard ELISA and compared between patients with and without POcD. RESULTS: POcD was present in 11 (44%) of the 25 patients. Patients with POcD had significantly higher MELD scores, were more often child-Pugh class c and received more blood transfusion during surgery. The serum beta-amyloid protein and c-reactive protein concentrations were significantly increased at 24 hours after surgery in the POcD ***: The incidence of POcD in our group of liver transplant patients was greater than that reported in other surgical patients. The increase in the serum biomarkers of dementia in the POcD patients supports the hypothesis that chronic cognitive defects are due to a process similar to that seen in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： dementia neuropsychiatric tests Alzheimer's disease biological markers neurological injury

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Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas J chirichella c Michael Dunham Michael A Zimmerman Elise M Phelan M susan Mandell Kendra D conzen Stephen E Kelley Trevor L Nydam Thomas E Bak Igal Kam Michael E Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/critical care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DcD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (Hc) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DcD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS DonorNet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dL) × 1.37 (mL O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg until aortic cross clamping. Donor hypoxemia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry < 80% until clamping. Donor hypoxia score was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. Hc occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. Hc occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dL vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dL, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications Reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第3期12卷 66-72页

作者： Maulik K Lathiya Praveen Errabelli Salvatore Mignano susan M cullinan Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau ClaireWI 54703United States Department of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau ClaireWI 54703United States Department of Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BAcKGROUND Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with a range of clinical manifestations,from a flu-like illness with fever and myalgias to a severe systemic disease with multisystem organ *** renal involvement is not a common presentation,there have been few cases reporting acute kidney injury from *** SUMMARY We present a 55-year-old female with anaplasmosis who developed acute kidney injury due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN).The patient originally presented with cough and shortness of *** was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and received *** the hospital course she developed severe acute renal *** serological work up didn’t provide any conclusive ***,she underwent kidney biopsy which showed MPGN pattern suggesting autoimmune,multiple myeloma or infectious *** work up was undertaken which was negative for autoimmune diseases,vasculitis panel,paraproteinemias but tested positive for IgG anaplasma with high titers indicating *** Our case shows a unique presentation of severe acute renal failure from MPGN from tick borne *** is usually seen with autoimmune diseases,hepatitis c virus infections,***,we suggest that tick borne illness should also be considered when evaluating acute renal failure cases in tick borne prevalent regions.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Tick-borne Anaplasmosis case report

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