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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S01期93卷 56-58页

作者： susan smith nash American Association of Petroleum Geologists TulsaOklahoma 74119

We are faced with more challenges than ever with respect to the amount,variety,and sheer volume of earth *** only do we have data of many different ages and origins,we also have a wide variety of data,much of which has just been recently digitized,or is in a format that can cannot easily be integrated into algorithms,georeferenced data.

关键词： Big Data analytics machine learning deep learning artificial intelligence

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美国新型钻完井技术概述与发展建议

石油钻探技术 2023年第4期51卷 192-197页

作者： susan smith nash 美国石油地质学家协会(AAPG)创新与新兴科学技术部俄克拉何马州诺曼市美国73071

美国的钻完井技术在自动化、环境合规和风险规避方面取得了引人注目的突破。为探索和评估钻完井技术在上述领域中的重大进展,通过梳理回顾美国钻完井技术突破,阐明了当前技术需求,提出了解决方案并指出了其未来发展的方向。值得注意的是... 详细信息

美国的钻完井技术在自动化、环境合规和风险规避方面取得了引人注目的突破。为探索和评估钻完井技术在上述领域中的重大进展,通过梳理回顾美国钻完井技术突破,阐明了当前技术需求,提出了解决方案并指出了其未来发展的方向。值得注意的是,数据分析在上述技术中扮演了重要角色,基于云的解决方案也被广泛应用。然而,这些技术也面临着共同的挑战,即需要快速适应排放检测、危险监测和减少碳排放等不断发展的需求。面对这种挑战,需要充分利用现有数据库,并赋予其新的功能和目标。

关键词：美国油气钻井完井数据分析发展建议

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国际石油公司页岩气开发技术策略分析与展望

石油钻探技术 2014年第5期42卷 1-8页

作者：苏珊.史密斯.纳什美国石油地质学家协会教育和职业发展部俄克拉荷马塔尔萨74119

在页岩气开发早期,起主导作用的是中型独立石油公司,尽管某些大型石油公司也较早地参与了页岩气的开发,但取得的成果很差。为此,研究了独立和大型石油天然气公司所采用的页岩气开发技术策略,分析了其成功或失败的原因,并根据已开发的和... 详细信息

在页岩气开发早期,起主导作用的是中型独立石油公司,尽管某些大型石油公司也较早地参与了页岩气的开发,但取得的成果很差。为此,研究了独立和大型石油天然气公司所采用的页岩气开发技术策略,分析了其成功或失败的原因,并根据已开发的和新的页岩区块的图表数据及其理想的开发技术策略,认为将来在页岩气储层描述、甜点识别、钻井完井和增产措施优化方面也会有重大进展。

关键词：页岩气勘探开发技术策略石油公司

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection without cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4061-4065页

作者： Kathryn L nash Tracy Woodall Ashley SM Brown susan E Davies Graeme JM Alexander Department of Hepatology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Mailpoint 255Southampton General HospitalTremona RoadSouthamptonHampshire SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Department of MedicineSt Mary's HospitalPraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate and characterise patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the absence of ***:Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presenting with HCC over a 2-year period were *** clinical case notes,blood test results and histological specimens were reviewed to identify whether additional risk factors for the development of HCC were ***:Six patients(five male,one female) with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presented to a single centre with HCC over a 2-year *** patients were treated by surgical resection and one patient underwent liver *** of generous histological specimens confirmed the presence of HCC and the absence of cirrhosis in all *** degree of fibrosis of the background liver was staged as mild(n = 1),moderate(n = 4) or bridging fibrosis(n = 1).Review of the clinical case notes revealed that all cases had an additional risk factor for the development of HCC(four had evidence of past hepatitis B virus infection;two had a history of excessive alcohol consumption;a further patient had prolonged exposure to immune suppression).CONCLUSION:HCC does occur in patients with non-cirrhotic HCV infection who have other risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-cirrhotic Screening

Seeing the wood for the trees:hyperspectral imaging for high throughput QTL detection in raspberry,a perennial crop species

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Fruit Research 2021年第1期1卷 57-67页

作者： Dominic Williams Christine A.Hackett Alison Karley susan McCallum Kay smith Avril Britten Julie Graham James Hutton Institute Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK James Hutton Limited Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK

Physiological and physical traits are excellent indicators of many crop characteristics,but precise phenotyping of these traits is time consuming and,therefore,limits progress in crop breeding and the speed of crop *** imaging offers an opportunity to overcome these barriers as a technique for high throughput field *** a recently developed hyperspectral imaging platform devised for plantations of the perennial crop raspberry,this study aimed to further develop the tool and test its capacity as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping,data collection and *** imaging and visual crop assessments were carried out over two growing seasons in a field-grown raspberry mapping population,and data were subject to Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)*** findings show that reflectance intensity at multiple wavelengths can be linked to known genetic markers in raspberry,and many of these‘spectral traits'are expressed consistently through the growing season and between years,for example spectral ratio 719 nm/691 nm shows up consistently as a QTL on *** traits were identified that co-located with previously mapped physical traits,such as 719 nm/691 nm and cane *** study indicates that hyperspectral imaging can be used as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping of raspberry and could be transferred readily to other perennial *** approach provides a pipeline for automated field data collection and analysis that can be used for rapid QTL detection of spectral traits.

关键词： breeding consuming overcome

Dysregulation of innate immunity in ulcerative colitis patients who fail anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9104-9116页

作者： Angela C Baird Dominic Mallon Graham Radford-smith Julien Boyer Thierry Piche susan L Prescott Ian C Lawrance Meri K Tulic Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia Department of Immunology Fremantle Hospital Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Perth WA 6160 Australia Royal Brisbane Queensland 4006 Australia University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis EA6302 06202 Nice France Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition l’Archet Hospital 2 06202 Nice France School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Subiaco WA 6008 Australia International Inflammation network (in-FLAME) of the World Universities Network University of Western Australia Subiaco WA 6008 Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases St John of God Subiaco Hospital Perth WA 6009 Australia Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M)-INSERM U1065 Team 12 06204 Nice France

AIM To study the innate immune function in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients who fail to respond to anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) *** Effects of anti-TNF therapy, inflammation and medications on innate immune function were assessed by measuring peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) cytokine expression from 18 inflammatory bowel disease patients pre- and 3 mo post-anti-TNF therapy. Toll-like receptor(TLR) expression and cytokine production post TLR stimulation was assessed in UC "responders"(n = 12) and "non-responders"(n = 12) and compared to healthy controls(n = 12). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels were measured in blood to assess disease severity/activity and inflammation. Pro-inflammatory(TNF, IL-1β, IL-6), immuno-regulatory(IL-10), Th1(IL-12, IFNγ) and Th2(IL-9, IL-13, IL-17A) cytokine expression was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while TLR cellular composition and intracellular signalling was assessed with *** Prior to anti-TNF therapy, responders and nonresponders had similar level of disease severity and activity. PBMC's ability to respond to TLR stimulation was not affected by TNF therapy, patient's severity of the disease and inflammation or their medication use. At baseline, non-responders had elevated innate but not adaptive immune responses compared to responders(P < 0.05). Following TLR stimulation, nonresponders had consistently reduced innate cytokine responses to all TLRs compared to healthy controls(P < 0.01) and diminished TNF(P < 0.001) and IL-1β(P < 0.01) production compared to responders. This innate immune dysfunction was associated with reduced number of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells(p DCs)(P < 0.01) but increased number of CD4+ regulatory T cells(Tregs)(P = 0.03) as well as intracellular accumulation of IRAK4 in non-responders following TLR-2,-4 and-7 activation(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Reduced innate immunity in non-responders may explain reduced efficacy

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Innate immunity Antitumor necrosis factor therapy Toll-like receptor IRAK4 Inflammatory bowel disease

Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 393-400页

作者： susan Dawkes Graeme D smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayne H Donaldson School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom Department of Nursing and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University Scotland United Kingdom Employment Research Institute Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom School of Health Sciences University of Stirling Scotland United Kingdom

Objective To explore how older patients self-manage their coronary heart disease （CHD） aider undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA）. Methods This mixed methods study used a sequential, explanatory design and recruited a convenience sample of patients （n = 93） approximately three months after elective PTCA. The study was conducted in two phases. Quantitative data collected in Phase 1 by means of a self-administered survey were subject to univariate and bivariate analysis. Phase 1 findings in- formed the purposive samplhag for Phase 2 where ten participants were selected from the original sample for an in-depth interview. Qualita- tive data were analysed using thematic analysis. This paper will primarily report the findings from a sub-group of older participants （n = 47） classified as 65 years of age or older. Results 78.7% （n = 37） of participants indicated that they would manage recurring angina symptoms by taking glyceryl trinitrate and 34% （n = 16） thought that resting would help. Regardless of the duration or severity of the symptoms 40.5% （n = 19） would call their general practitioner or an emergency ambulance for assistance during any recurrence of angina symptoms. Older participants weighed less （P = 0.02） and smoked less （P = 0.01） than their younger counterparts in the study. Age did not seem to affect PTCA patients＇ likelihood of altering dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable and saturated fat consumption （P = 0.237）. Conclusions The findings suggest that older people in the study were less likely to know how to correctly manage any recurring angina symptoms than their younger counterparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHD. Age was not a factor that influenced participants＇ likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.

关键词： Angina pectoris Coronary disease Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Self-management

Seismic considerations for spent nuclear fuel storage in dry casks

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第3期11卷 20-30页

作者： John L Bignell Jeffrey A smith Christopher A Jones susan Y Pickering Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque

To aid the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was contracted to investigate the seismic behavior of typical dry cask storage systems. Parametric evaluations characterized the sensitivity of calculated cask response characteristics to input parameters. The parametric evaluation investigated two generic cask designs (cylindrical and rectangular),three different foundation types (soft soil,hard soil,and rock),and three different casks to pad coefficients of friction (0.2,0.55,0.8) for earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.25g,0.6g,1.0g and 1.25g. A total of 1 165 analyses were completed,with regression analyses being performed on the resulting cask response data to determine relationships relating the mean (16 % and 84 % confidence intervals on the mean) to peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and pseudo-spectral acceleration at 1 Hz and 5 % damping. In general,the cylindrical casks experienced significantly larger responses in comparison to the rectangular cask. The cylindrical cask experienced larger top of cask displacements,larger cask rotations (rocking),and more occurrences of cask toppling (the rectangular cask never toppled over). The cylindrical cask was also susceptible to rolling once rocking had been initiated,a behavior not observed in the rectangular cask. Cask response was not overly sensitive to foundation type,but was significantly dependent on the response spectrum employed.

关键词： dry cask storage spent nuclear fuel seismic analysis

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通过社区干预减少急症住院患者

英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第12期19卷 311-316页

作者： Emma Wallace susan M smith Tom Fahey Martin Roland 梁立智 HRB Centre forPrimary CareResearch Department ofGeneral PracticeRoyal College ofSurgeons in Ireland123 St StephensGreen Dublin2 Ireland Cambridge Centrefor Health ServicesResearch Universityof Cambridge UK 首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院

目前，社区干预效果的研究证据尚不充分，EmmaWallace及其同事探索其他方法以证明社区干预的效果减少急症住院患者，既是医疗服务质量的一个衡量指标，又可以使医疗保健支出呈螺旋式上升，这一目标在国际上引发广泛关注。

关键词：干预措施招生基础社区

Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第2期8卷 192-199页

作者： William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M smith Dorothy E Adams susan E Langmore Department of Cellular Biology and Ana-tomy Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University Department of Otolaryngology Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University Sargent College Boston University Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Boston University School of Medicine

AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation ***: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC pati

关键词： Swallow mechanics Post radiation Head and neck cancer Fluoroscopy Anatomy