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migmatite-like textures in anthracite:Further evidence for low-grade metamorphic melting and resolidification in high-rank coals

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 428-436页

作者： James C.Hower susan m.Rimmer maria mastalerz Nicola J.Wagner University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research 2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA School of Earth Systems and Sustainability Southern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondaleIL 62901USA Indiana Geological&Water Survey Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA Department of Geology University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

Previous studies demonstrated that melting,initiated by supercritical fluids in the 375-400℃range,occurred as part of anthracite metamorphism in the Appalachian *** on the known behavior of vitrinite at high temperatures and,to a lesser extent,at high pressures,it was determined that the duration of the heating,melting,and resolidification event was about 1 *** the current study,featureless vitrinite within banded maceral assemblages demonstratesthe intimate association of melted and resolidified vitrinite with anthracite-rank *** analogy with metamorphosed inorganic rocks,such associations represent diadysites and embrechites,i.e.,cross-cutting and layered migmatites,*** though the temperature of formation of the anthracite structures is several hundred℃lower than that seen in metamorphosed inorganic rocks,anthracites are metamorphic rocks and the nomenclature for metamorphic rocks may be appropriate for coal.

关键词： Igneous metamorphic texture Pennsylvania mesozoic basins South Africa

The potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2 as a neurotrophic factor for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1432-1436页

作者： susan R.Goulding Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard W.O’Keeffe Louise m.Collins Department of Biological Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre University College CorkCorkIreland Department of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder;it affects 1%of the population over the age of *** number of people with Parkinson’s disease is set to rapidly increase due to changing demographics and there is an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying *** pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their axons which project to the striatum,and the aggregation ofα-synuclein;these result in a range of debilitating motor and non-motor *** application of neurotrophic factors to protect and potentially regenerate the remaining dopaminergic neurons is a major area of research ***,this strategy has had limited success to *** trials of two well-known neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have reported limited efficacy in Parkinson’s disease patients,despite these factors showing potent neurotrophic actions in animal *** is therefore a need to identify other neurotrophic factors that can protect againstα-synuclein-induced degeneration of dopaminergic *** bone morphogenetic protein(BmP)family is the largest subgroup of the transforming growth factor-βsuperfamily of *** are naturally secreted proteins that play crucial roles throughout the developing nervous ***,many BmPs have been shown to be potent neurotrophic factors for dopaminergic *** we discuss recent work showing that transcripts for the BmP receptors and BmP2 are co-expressed with several key markers of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra,and evidence for downregulation of BmP2 expression at distinct stages of Parkinson’s *** also discuss studies that explored the effects of BmP2 treatment,in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s *** studies found potent effects of BmP2 on dopaminergic neurites,which is important given that axon deg

关键词： axon growth BmP2 dopaminergic neurons neuroprotection neurotrophic factor neuroregeneration Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

Hepatitis B and C infection and liver disease trends among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第14期17卷 1807-1816页

作者： susan E Buskin Elizabeth A Barash John D Scott David m Aboulafia Robert W Wood Public Health-Seattle and King County WA 98104United States University of Washington SeattleWA 98195United States Harborview medical Center SeattleWA 98104United States Virginia mason medical Center SeattleWA 98101United States

AIm:To examine trends in and correlates of liver disease and viral hepatitis in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cohort. mETHODS:The multi-site adult/adolescent spectrum of HIV-related diseases (ASD) followed 29 490 HIVinfected individuals receiving medical care in 11 U.S. metropolitan areas for an average of 2.4 years,and a total of 69 487 person-years,between 1998 and 2004. ASD collected data on the presentation,treatment,and outcomes of HIV,including liver disease,hepatitis screening,and hepatitis diagnoses. RESULTS:Incident liver disease,chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV),and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were diagnosed in 0.9,1.8,and 4.7 per 100 person-years. HBV and HCV screening increased from fewer than 20% to over 60% during this period of observation (P mong individuals with a diagnosis of liver disease. Despite care guidelines promoting screening and vaccination for HBV and screening for HCV,screening and vaccination were not universally conducted or,if conducted,not documented. CONCLUSION:Due to high rates of incident liver disease,viral hepatitis screening,vaccination,and treatment among HIV-infected individuals should be a priority.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Liver disease

Environmental and landscape influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of a cattle herd in a South Texas rangeland

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 443-460页

作者： Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves Humberto L.Perotto-Baldivieso XBen Wu susan m.Cooper Department of Ecosystem Science and management Texas A&M University2120 TAMU320 WFES BuildingCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Present address:Center of Comparative medicine and Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterWeill Cornell Medicineand Hospital for Special Surgery408 East 69th StreetZ-913New YorkNY 10021USA Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research 1619 Garner Field RoadUvaldeTX 78801USA

The multiple spatial and temporal parameters affecting cattle herd distribution and activity dynamics can significantly affect resource utilization but are not fully *** aim of this study was to determine whether current animal tracking technology and spatio-temporal analysis tools can be used to integrate multi-scale information on herd distribution patterns as a function of seasonal forage production,periods of the day,animal activity,and landscape *** and activity information of 11 free-ranging cows within a 31-member herd was obtained at 5-min intervals by using GPS collars for 1 year within a 457-ha ranch in the semi-arid rangelands of South *** biomass was calculated with satellite *** analysis of cattle distribution and landscape features was conducted with *** spread was greatest during the growing *** the year,during midday,the herd showed smaller spread and greater use of shade patches than any other time of *** also aggregated under trees in winter,particularly during the *** was no statistically significant overall pattern of seasonal changes in the use of water and supplemental feeding areas,but a trend toward highest use during the ***,significantly different diurnal patterns in the use of supplemental feed and water were observed within each *** study found a strong influence of shade patches relative to the influence of water and supplemental feeding areas on the diurnal and seasonal movement patterns of cattle in shrub-dominated *** this study used only 11 tracked cows in a 31-member herd,the results indicated that techniques such as seasonal and diurnal GPS tracking,GIS,and remote sensing data enable evaluation of multiple spatial and temporal dynamics of cattle distribution and activity *** smaller spread during the dry winter season associated with the observed aggregation of individuals in water and supplemental feeding ar

关键词： Cattle behavior Cross-scale interactions GPS collars Group dispersion Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) Thermoregulation Ungulate grazing patterns

Growth differentiation factor 5:a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective potential in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 38-44页

作者： susan R.Goulding Jayanth Anantha Louise m.Collins Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard W.O’Keeffe Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide,affecting over 6 million *** is an age-related disease,occurring in 1%of people over the age of 60,and 3%of the population over 80 *** disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra,and their axons,which innervate the striatum,resulting in the characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s *** is paralleled by the intracellular accumulation ofα-synuclein in several regions of the nervous *** therapies are solely symptomatic and do not stop or slow disease *** promising disease-modifying strategy to arrest the loss of dopaminergic neurons is the targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors to the substantia nigra or striatum,to protect the remaining dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal ***,clinical trials of two well-established neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have failed to meet their primary *** failure is thought to be at least partly due to the downregulation byα-synuclein of Ret,the common co-receptor of glial cell line-derived neurorophic factor and ***/differentiation factor 5 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family of neurotrophic factors,that signals through the Ret-independent canonical Smad signaling ***,we review the evidence for the neurotrophic potential of growth/differentiation factor 5 in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s *** discuss new work on growth/differentiation factor 5’s mechanisms of action,as well as data showing that viral delivery of growth/differentiation factor 5 to the substantia nigra is neuroprotective in theα-synuclein rat model of Parkinson’s *** data highlight the potential for growth/differentiation factor 5 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： adeno-associated virus bone morphogenetic protein dopaminergic neurons growth/differentiation factor 5 neurodegeneration neuroprotection neurotrophic factor Parkinson’s disease Smad signaling α-synuclein

Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R V Chowda-Reddy m Kirankumar susan E Seal V muniyappa Girish B Valand m R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Department of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

Bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 *** samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one（mtCOI）*** comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-B *** from India clustered into the middle East-Asia minor 1 group.A new group of *** from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus（ToLCBV）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCBV transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-B had the more efficient transmission *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begomoviruses mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase whitefly Bemisia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidemiology

Reading and Interpreting the Histone Acylation Code

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第6期14卷 329-332页

作者： Jelly H.m.Soffers Xuanying Li susan m.Abmayr Jerry L.Workman Stowers Institute Jor medical Research Kansas CityMO 64111USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Decades of research has explored the epigenetic control of gene expression and the impact of histone post-translational modifications （PTms）, such as acetylation, on chromatin remodel- ing. Indeed, the writers, readers, and erasers of lysine acetylation are increasingly well understood. Recent studies have added crotonylation, butyrylation, and propionylation to the types of acylations by which histones are modified, and identified the YEATS protein domain as a critical reader of crotonylation. Now, Haitao Li, David Allis, and their col- leagues expand the scope of protein domains capable of read- ing crotonyl-lysine （Kcr） to include double PHD finger （DPF） domains. Importantly, the mechanism through which these domains recognize Kcr is quite distinct from their recognition by the YEATS domain [1]. In this highlight, we discuss recognition of acylated histones by the bromodomain （BRD）, the YEATS domain, and PHD fingers. We contrast the structural basis for their recognition of histones modified by acetylation and more recently discovered histone crotonylation [2-6].

关键词： PHD Reading and Interpreting the Histone Acylation Code

Chaperone proteins as ameliorators of α-synuclein-induced synaptic pathologies: insights into Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1198-1199页

作者： susan m.L.Banks Audrey T.medeiros Rui Sousa Eileen m.Lafer Jennifer R.morgan Department of Biology Florida Southern CollegeLakelandFLUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology&Tissue Engineering Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA

α-Synuclein accumulation causes synaptic vesicle trafficking defects and may underlie neurodegenerative disorders:Neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and other synucleinopathies,impact the lives of millions of patients and their *** include PD,dementia with Lewy Bodies(DLB),multiple system atrophy,and several Alzheimer’s Disease *** are clinically characterized by intracellular inclusions called Lewy Bodies,which are rich in atypical aggregates of the protein α-*** dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are particularly susceptible toα-synuclein-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration,glutamatergic neurons in other brain regions(***)are also frequently affected in PD and other synucleinopathies(Schulz-Schaeffer 2010).

关键词： cortex Alzheimer insight

Association patterns reveal dispersalaggregation dynamics among cattle in a South Texas Rangeland,USA

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 323-332页

作者： Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves Humberto L.Perotto-Baldivieso X.Ben Wu susan m.Cooper Department of Ecosystem Science and management Texas A&M University2120 TAMU320 WFES BuildingCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Present Address:Center of Comparative medicine and Pathology Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1300 York Ave.E-703ENew YorkNY 10065USA Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research 1619 Garner Field RoadUvaldeTX 78801USA

Introduction:The spatial association dynamics of free-ranging cattle herds are not fully understood;however,they can have a direct influence on the spatial patterns of resource *** aim of our study was to examine new analytical methods of identifying the spatio-temporal patterns of behavioral dynamics that determine cattle herd dispersal in the semi-arid rangelands of South *** fitted 10 free-ranging cows with global positioning system collars and obtained positions every 5 min for each animal for 21-day trials,twice during the summer and winter *** used an association pattern recognition software(ASSOC1)and the herd center of gravity to identify the spatial and temporal thresholds that defined dispersion-aggregation patterns and individual position to determine their relation to social ***:The association pattern defining herd membership was that animals spent 70%of their time within 200 m of each *** ranking did not appear to influence association membership or position within the *** cattle showed a more dispersed distribution during summer,but in winter,herd members behaved in a more aggregated *** distribution is contrary to patterns described in more northerly and mountainous ***:The spatial thresholds of the cattle herd and the overall distance of all members to the center of the herd were smaller during winter and larger during summer,indicating that this study herd congregated during the winter and dispersed during the *** this study uses a herd of 10 individuals in a 100 ha pasture to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamics,our results provide evidence of the ability of current tracking and spatial association tools to detect and quantify seasonal changes in cattle herd dispersion-aggregation *** use of these data collection and analysis methods could prove useful in larger cattle herds,increase our understanding of herd spatiotemporal behavior,and subsequently he

关键词： Bos taurus Global positioning system(GPS) GPS collar Herd dispersal Social dominance Sub-herd Spatiotemporal pattern of resource use