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Potential Biom.rkers of Schizophrenia from.m.G Resting-State Functional Connectivity Networks: Prelim.nary Data

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： susan m. bowyer Klevest Gjini Xiao Zhu Lawrence Kim.John E. m.ran Syeda U. Rizvi Valentina Gum.nyuk Norm.n Tepley Nash N. Boutros Departm.nt of Neurology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit USA Departm.nt of Neurology Wayne State University Detroit USA Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Seton Brain and Spine Institute Austin USA Departm.nt of Psychiatry University of Missouri Kansas City USA

Previous studies exam.ning coherence and connectivity deviations in schizophrenia patients relied on standard coherence m.asures between recording sites (at the sensor level). A coherence source im.ging (CSI) m.thodology where coherence is assessed within im.ged brain structures (at the source level) was developed recently by our group and applied successfully for detecting coherent areas in the cortical networks of patients with epilepsy. We applied this m.gnetoencephalography (m.G)-CSI technique to m.asure norm.l and pathological patterns of brain oscillations (biom.rkers) in norm.l subjects and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twelve patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and twelve healthy control subjects were studied. A ten-m.nute resting state m.G brain scan was perform.d with eyes open. m.G-CSI analysis was perform.d to identify the cortical areas that interacted strongly within the 3 - 50 Hz frequency range. Statistically significant increased regions of coherence were detected in schizophrenia patients com.ared to controls in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47—pars orbitalis), left superior frontal gyrus (BA9— dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), right m.ddle frontal gyrus (BA 10—anterior prefrontal cortex & BA 46—dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and right cingulate gyrus (BA 24—ventral anterior cingulate cortex). These areas are involved in language, m.m.ry, decision m.king, em.athy, executive and, higher cognitive functioning. We conclude that m.G-CSI can detect im.ging biom.rkers from.resting state brain activity in schizophrenia patients that deviates from.norm.l control subjects in several behaviorally salient brain regions. Analysis with m.G-CSI can provide biom.rkers of abnorm.lities in the resting-state. The findings and procedures described can be used to probe the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and possibly detect subtypes.

关键词： m.gnetoencephalography (m.G) Coherence Schizophrenia Functional Resting State Brain Networks

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Initial im.acts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in com.ined sewer： field-scale experim.nt

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam.Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou susan m. m.rgan Andrew Bartlett Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot storm.ater runott, leading to reduced com.ined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the im.act of rain gardens on the water quality and volum. reduction of storm.runoff from.urban streets in a com.ined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, m.ssouri. The im.act was assessed through a com.arison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of m.rcury was lower than the detection level in both phases. E. coli was the only param.ter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in m.nitored water quality param.ters is that the post-construction sam.ling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from.soil erosion and wash-out from.the m.lch. However, the levels of m.st of water quality param.ters decreased in the following tim. period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volum. reduction of storm.ater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of m.asured flows resulted from.low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Com.ined sewer Storm.ater quality and quantity

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Current and near-term.advances in Earth observation for ecological applications

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 1-57页

作者： susan L.Ustin Elizabeth m.m.ddleton John m.ir Institute of the Environm.nt University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(Em.rita) GreenbeltMD 20771USA.

There is an unprecedented array of new satellite technologies with capabilities for advancing our understanding of ecological processes and the changing com.osition of the Earth’s biosphere at scales from.local plots to the whole *** identified 48 instrum.nts and 13 platform. with m.ltiple instrum.nts that are of broad interest to the environm.ntal sciences that either collected data in the 2000s,were recently launched,or are planned for launch in this *** have restricted our review to instrum.nts that prim.rily observe terrestrial landscapes or coastal m.rgins and are available under free and open data *** focused on im.gers that passively m.asure wavelengths in the reflected solar and em.tted therm.l *** suite of instrum.nts we describe m.asure land surface characteristics,including land cover,but provide a m.re detailed m.nitoring of ecosystem.,plant com.unities,and even som. species then possible from.historic *** newer instrum.nts have potential to greatly im.rove our understanding of ecosystem.functional relationships am.ng plant traits like leaf m.ss area(Lm.),total nitrogen content,and leaf area index(LAI).They provide new inform.tion on physiological processes related to photosynthesis,transpiration and respiration,and stress detection,including capabilities to m.asure key plant and soil biophysical *** include canopy and soil tem.erature and em.ssivity,chlorophyll fluorescence,and biogeochem.cal contents like photosynthetic pigm.nts(e.g.,chlorophylls,carotenoids,and phycobiliproteins from.cyanobacteria),water,cellulose,lignin,and nitrogen in foliar *** data will enable us to quantify and characterize various soil properties such as iron content,several types of soil clays,organic m.tter,and other *** of these satellites are in low Earth orbit(LEO),but we include a few in geostationary orbit(GEO)because of their potential to m.asure plant physiological traits over diurnal periods,im.ro

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observing Satellites Ecosystem.processes Physiological functions m.ltispectral Hyperspectral Therm.l LiDAR Radar im.gers Biochem.stry Soil properties Species m.pping Change detection 3D canopy structure Topography

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The potential of bone m.rphogenetic protein 2 as a neurotrophic factor for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1432-1436页

作者： susan R.Goulding Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard W.O’Keeffe Louise m.Collins Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland Departm.nt of Anatom. and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre University College CorkCorkIreland Departm.nt of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the second m.st com.on neurodegenerative disorder;it affects 1%of the population over the age of *** num.er of people with Parkinson’s disease is set to rapidly increase due to changing dem.graphics and there is an unm.t clinical need for disease-m.difying *** pathological hallm.rks of Parkinson’s disease are the progressive degeneration of dopam.nergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their axons which project to the striatum.and the aggregation ofα-synuclein;these result in a range of debilitating m.tor and non-m.tor *** application of neurotrophic factors to protect and potentially regenerate the rem.ining dopam.nergic neurons is a m.jor area of research ***,this strategy has had lim.ted success to *** trials of two well-known neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have reported lim.ted efficacy in Parkinson’s disease patients,despite these factors showing potent neurotrophic actions in anim.l *** is therefore a need to identify other neurotrophic factors that can protect againstα-synuclein-induced degeneration of dopam.nergic *** bone m.rphogenetic protein(Bm.)fam.ly is the largest subgroup of the transform.ng growth factor-βsuperfam.ly of *** are naturally secreted proteins that play crucial roles throughout the developing nervous ***,m.ny Bm.s have been shown to be potent neurotrophic factors for dopam.nergic *** we discuss recent work showing that transcripts for the Bm. receptors and Bm.2 are co-expressed with several key m.rkers of dopam.nergic neurons in the hum.n substantia nigra,and evidence for downregulation of Bm.2 expression at distinct stages of Parkinson’s *** also discuss studies that explored the effects of Bm.2 treatm.nt,in in vitro and in vivo m.dels of Parkinson’s *** studies found potent effects of Bm.2 on dopam.nergic neurites,which is im.ortant given that axon deg

关键词： axon growth Bm.2 dopam.nergic neurons neuroprotection neurotrophic factor neuroregeneration Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

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ASSESSING THE LINK BETWEEN PUBLIC OPINION AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第3期10卷 177-190页

作者： Vanessa Valentin susan m.Bogus Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Increasing the use of social sustainability in the decision-m.king process for build-ing and infrastructure projects requires that it be defined such that it can be evaluated *** potential indicator of social sustainability in infrastruc-ture projects is public opinion,which can provide a m.ans to evaluate the level of social sustainability on a project based on personal *** opinion includes both support and opposition for a *** this study,the causes or triggers for public opposition to a construction project are identified and then com.ared to principles of social sustainability to determ.ne if they are *** case study projects were used to identify com.on triggers of public *** results suggest that com.on triggers of public opposition are related to land acquisition,escalating construction costs and the presence of endangered species on the project *** of the twelve principles of social sustainability that were identified were determ.ned to be related to public *** results of this study suggest that public opposition could be used as a m.asure for som. elem.nts of social sus-tainability but that further research into other m.asures for social sustainability is necessary.

关键词： social sustainability public opinion triggers of public opposition to building and infrastructure projects

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Biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase:the Janus face of thym.quinone

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 401-408页

作者： Charlotte Detrem.erie Paul m.Vanhoutte susan Leung Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Pharm.cy and State Key Laboratory for Pharm.ceutical Biotechnology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The natural com.ound thym.quinone, extracted from.Nigella sativa(black cum.n), is widely used in hum.ns for its anti-oxidative properties. Thym.quinone is known for its acute endothelium.ndependent vasodilator effects in isolated rat aortae and pulm.nary arteries, depending in part on activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium.channels and inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium.channels. The com.ound also im.roves endothelial dysfunction in m.senteric arteries of ageing rodents and in aortae of rabbits treated with pyrogallol, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Serendipitously,thym.quinone was found to augm.nt contractions in isolated arteries with endothelium.of both rats and pigs. The endothelium.dependent augm.ntation it causes counterintuitively depends on biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase(sGC) producing inosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate(cyclic Im.) rather than guanosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate. This phenom.non shows a striking m.chanistic sim.larity to the hypoxic augm.ntation previously observed in porcine coronary arteries. The cyclic Im. preferentially produced under thym.quinone exposure causes an increased contractility of arterial sm.oth m.scle by interfering with calcium.hom.ostasis. This brief review sum.arizes the vascular pharm.cology of thym.quinone, focussing in particular on how the com.ound causes endothelium.dependent contractions by biasing the activity of sGC.

关键词： Thym.quinone Endothelium.dependentcontraction Nitric oxide Soluble guanylyl cyclase Cyclic Im. NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase

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Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-stream.ng video dem.nstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren m.GUILLETTE susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determ.ning the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool m.nufacture,could be im.roved if m.re experim.ntal control could be gained over the exact public inform.tion that is provided by the dem.nstrator,to the observing *** video playback allows the experim.nter to choose what inform.tion is provided but will only be useful in determ.ning the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from.videos in a m.nner that is sim.lar to live *** goal of the current experim.nt was to test whether live-stream.d video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the m.terial choice dem.nstrated to ***,m.les that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between m.terials of 2 *** observers then watched live-stream.footage of a fam.liar dem.nstrator building a nest with m.terial of the color that the observer did not *** this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with m.terials of the 2 *** two-thirds of the observer m.les preferred m.terial of the dem.nstrated color after viewing the dem.nstrator build a nest with m.terial of that color m.re than they had previously,their preference for the dem.nstrated m.terial was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live dem.nstrator builders in a previous *** results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video dem.nstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

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The safety param.ters of the study on intraductal cytotoxic agent delivery to the breast before m.stectom.

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2014年第5期26卷 579-587页

作者： Bailin Zhang susan m. Love Guoji Chen Jing Wang Jidong Gao Xiaozhou Xu Zhongzhao Wang Xiang Wang Departm.nt of Breast Surgery Cancer Institute and HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Dr. susan Love Research Foundation Santa Monica

Background： Intraductal adm.nistration of cytotoxic agents has been shown to inhibit the developm.nt of breast cancer in anim.l m.dels. The object of this study was to dem.nstrate the safety of intraductal delivery cytotoxic agents in patients prior to m.stectom.. This m.thod is hopeful to be developed as a chem.prevention approach in patients with pre-m.lignant or non-invasive ductal lesions to prevent breast cancer which will be further developed.m.thods： Two drugs, pegylated liposom.l doxorubicin（PLD） and carboplatin were adm.nistered at three dose levels（PLD： 10, 20, 50 m. and carboplatin 60, 120, 300 m.）. There were five subjects in each group with 15 subjects treated with each drug once. Venous blood sam.les were obtained for pharm.cokinetic analysis. The breast was rem.ved surgically 2-5 days post adm.nistration and the treated ducts were m.rked to enable identification on pathological evaluation. Results： Intraductal adm.nistration was generally well-tolerated with m.ld, transient breast discom.ort. In the carboplatin arm. three wom.n at the 300 m. dose experienced m.ld nausea and vom.ting. In the PLD arm.m.st wom.n had m.ld erythem. and swelling of the breast over the 72 hours following the drug adm.nistration. Patients receiving the 50 m. dose experienced local erythem. until the tim. of surgery. Pharm.cokinetic analysis showed that carboplatin rapidly entered system.c circulation with an early peak tim.（T m.x -30 m.n） with a corresponding plasm. ultrafiltrate area under the curve（AUC） consistent with the Calvert Form.la using estim.ted glom.rular filtration rate（GFR）. Total plasm. doxorubicin had delayed peak concentration tim.s（T m.x 48 hours） with a linear dose response and peak concentrations substantially lower than expected from.equivalent intravenous injection dosing. No doxorubicinol m.tabolite was detected in the plasm.. Conclusions： This study dem.nstrates that cytotoxic drugs can be safely adm.nistered into breast ducts with m.nim.l toxici

关键词： Safety intraductal therapy cytotoxic agents breast cancer

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Recent advances and future directions in preclinical research of argininevasopressin(AVP) receptor blocker conivaptan in the context of stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 392-393页

作者： Em.l Zeynalov susan m.Jones Swedish m.dical Center Neurotrauma Research Department Englewood

Stroke is a m.jor cause of m.rtality and perm.nent *** onset of stroke is followed by life-threatening pathophysiological responses including brain edem.,elevation of intracranial pressure,disruption of blood-brain barrier（BBB）,brain infarct and perm.nent tissue *** edem. develops due to accum.lation of water in intracellular and extracellular com.artm.nts of the brain,

关键词： edem. perm.nent disability intracranial elevation blocker infarct disruption advances m.rtality

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Constipation-predom.nant irritable bowel syndrom.: A review of current and em.rging drug therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8898-8909页

作者： Khaled A Jadallah susan m.Kullab David S Sanders Departm.nt of Internalm.dicine King Abdullah University Hospital Faculty of m.dicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield South Yorkshire S102JF United Kingdom

Irritable bowel syndrom.(IBS) is a highly prevalent m.dical condition that adversely affects patient quality of life and constitutes a significant econom.c burden on healthcare resources. A large proportion of patients suffer from.the constipation subtype of IBS(IBS-C), m.st com.only afflicting older individuals and those with a lower socioeconom.c status. Conventional pharm.cologic and nonpharm.cologic treatm.nt options have lim.ted efficacies and/or significant adverse events, which lead to increased long-term.health care expenditures. Failure to effectively treat IBS-C patients over the past decades has largely been due to a poor understanding of disease pathophysiology, lack of a global view of the patient, and an inappropriate selection of patients and treatm.nt endpoints in clinical trials. In recent years, however, m.re effective and safer drugs have been developed for the treatm.nt of IBS-C. The advancem.nt in the area of pharm.cologic treatm.nt is based on new knowledge of the pathophysiologic basis of IBS-C and the developm.nt of drugs with increased selectivity within pharm.cologic classes with recognized efficacies. This narrative review covers the spectrum.of available drugs and their m.chanism. of action, as well as the efficacy and safety profiles of each as determ.ned in relevant clinical trials that have investigated treatm.nt options for IBS-C and chronic constipation. A brief sum.ary of laxative-based treatm.nt options is presented, followed by up-to-date assessm.nts for three classes of drugs: prokinetics, prosecretory agents, and bile acid m.dulators.

关键词： Constipation Irritable bowel syndrom. Drug therapy Serotonergic agents Prokinetics 5-hydroxytryptam.ne type 4 agonists Secretagogues Prosecretory agents Bile acid m.dulators

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