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Seismic considerations for spent nuclear fuel storage in dry casks

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第3期11卷 20-30页

作者： John l Bignell Jeffrey A Smith Christopher A Jones susan Y Pickering Sandia National laboratories Albuquerque

To aid the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Sandia National laboratories (SNl) was contracted to investigate the seismic behavior of typical dry cask storage systems. Parametric evaluations characterized the sensitivity of calculated cask response characteristics to input parameters. The parametric evaluation investigated two generic cask designs (cylindrical and rectangular),three different foundation types (soft soil,hard soil,and rock),and three different casks to pad coefficients of friction (0.2,0.55,0.8) for earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.25g,0.6g,1.0g and 1.25g. A total of 1 165 analyses were completed,with regression analyses being performed on the resulting cask response data to determine relationships relating the mean (16 % and 84 % confidence intervals on the mean) to peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and pseudo-spectral acceleration at 1 Hz and 5 % damping. In general,the cylindrical casks experienced significantly larger responses in comparison to the rectangular cask. The cylindrical cask experienced larger top of cask displacements,larger cask rotations (rocking),and more occurrences of cask toppling (the rectangular cask never toppled over). The cylindrical cask was also susceptible to rolling once rocking had been initiated,a behavior not observed in the rectangular cask. Cask response was not overly sensitive to foundation type,but was significantly dependent on the response spectrum employed.

关键词： dry cask storage spent nuclear fuel seismic analysis

Effects of Heliotropium indicum *** Uterine Involution and Its Underlying Mechanisms:An in vivo and in vitro Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第11期29卷 980-988页

作者： Sayah Ongsricharoenbhorn Pakanit Kupittayanant Kanjana Thumanu Griangsak Eumkeb Suthida Chanlun Pittaya Papirom susan Wray Sajeera Kupittayanant School of Preclinical Sciences Institute of ScienceSuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand School of Animal Technology and Innovation Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand Synchrotron light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima(30000)Thailand Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen(40002)Thailand Department of Women's and Children's Health Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth CentreUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL87SSUK

Objective:To investigate the effect of Heliotropium indicum l.(*** l.)on uterine involution and its underlying mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro ***:For in vivo studies,postpartum rats were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=24 for each):control group and treated group which were orally and daily administered with ethanolic extract of *** l.(250 mg/kg body weight)until day 5 of *** were collected for analysis of weight,cross-sectional area,collagen cross-sectional area,and collagen content on postpartum day 1,3,and 5(n=8 for each)from both *** samples were collected for hepatotoxicity and 17?-estradiol(E_(2))*** in vitro studies,the extract effects on uterine contraction at half maximum effective concentration of 2.50 mg/ml were studied in organ bath system for at least 20 ***:Uterine parameters were significantly decreased after treated with extract of *** l.(Ply accelerated the reduction of those parameters and significantly decreased E_(2)(Plitated uterine involution with no *** *** significantly stimulated uterine contraction(Plandin and its precursor,linoleic *** investigating the different sequencing of the extract with the additional stimulants(added before or after),the two showed antagonistic effects,but still showed potentiated force when compared with control(without the stimulants).Conclusions:The underlying mechanisms by which *** *** uterine involution might be due to reducing E_(2)which induces collagenase activity,leading to decreases in uterine weight and size and stimulating uterine *** study provides new findings for future drug development for facilitating uterine involution with *** l.

关键词： measurement contraction sectional

Fuel characteristics, loads and consumption in Scots pine forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova Elena A.Kukavskaya Valery A.Ivanov susan G.Conard Douglas J.McRae V.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-separate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 M.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in plots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** developed equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be applicable to similar pine forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among plots is related to the impact and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consumption due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from prefi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(PV-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained provide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem processes and carbon stocks and could be used to improve existing global and regional models that incorporate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consumption

Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas J Chirichella C Michael Dunham Michael A Zimmerman Elise M Phelan M susan Mandell Kendra D Conzen Stephen E Kelley Trevor l Nydam Thomas E Bak Igal Kam Michael E Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/Critical Care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DCD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (HC) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DCD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS DonorNet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dl) × 1.37 (ml O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure l aortic cross clamping. Donor hypoxemia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry l clamping. Donor hypoxia score was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. HC occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. HC occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dl vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dl, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 ml O2/100 ml blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications Reperfusion injury

Cystic fibrosis patients on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators have a reduced incidence of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第2期14卷 411-419页

作者： Mitchell l Ramsey Michael R Wellner Kyle Porter Stephen E Kirkby susan S li luis F lara Sean G Kelly A James Hanje lindsay A Sobotka Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Biostatistics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States

BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)modulators significantly improve pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis(CF)but the effect on hepatobiliary outcomes remains *** hypothesized that CF patients on CFTR modulators would have a decreased incidence of cirrhosis compared to patients not on CFTR modulators or on *** To investigate the effect of CFTR modulators on the development of cirrhosis in patients with *** A retrospective analysis was performed using Truven MarketScan from January 2012 through December 2017 including all patients with a diagnosis of *** were excluded if they underwent a liver transplantation or if they had other etiologies of liver disease including viral hepatitis or alcohol *** were grouped by use of CFTR modulators,ursodiol,dual therapy,or no *** primary outcome was development of ***-Meier curves estimated the incidence of cirrhosis and log-rank tests compared incidence curves between treatment *** A total of 7201 patients were included,of which 955(12.6%)used a CFTR modulator,529(7.0%)used ursodiol,105(1.4%)used combination therapy,and 5612(74.3%)used neither *** incidence of cirrhosis was 0.1%at 1 year and 0.7%at 4 years in untreated patients,5.9%and 10.1%in the Ursodiol group,and 1.0%and 1.0%in patients who received both *** patient treated with CFTR modulators alone developed *** on CFTR modulators alone had lower cirrhosis incidence than untreated patients(P=0.05),patients on Ursodiol(Pl therapy(P=0.003).The highest incidence of cirrhosis was found among patients treated with Ursodiol alone,compared to untreated patients(Pl and CFTR modulators(P=0.01).CONClUSION CFTR modulators are associated with a reduction in the incidence of cirrhosis compared to other therapies in patients with CF.

关键词： Cirrhosis Ursodiol Transmembrane Cystic fibrosis Market scan Cystic fibrosis related liver disease

Total organic halogen(TOX) in human urine: A halogen-specific method for human exposure studies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 285-295页

作者： susana Y.Kimura Weiwei Zheng Taylor N.Hipp Joshua M.Allen susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Key laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Fudan University

Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown and were the subject of recent epidemiological studies. However,most bioanalytical methods focus on a select few DBPs. In this study, a new comprehensive bioanalytical method has been developed that can quantify mixtures of organic halogenated compounds, including DBPs, in human urine as total organic chlorine（TOCl）, total organic bromine（TOBr）, and total organic iodine（TOI）. The optimized method consists of urine dilution, adsorption to activated carbon, pyrolysis of activated carbon, absorption of gases in an aqueous solution, and halide analysis with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spike recoveries for TOCl, TOBr, and TOI measurements ranged between 78% and 99%. Average TOCl, TOBr, and TOI concentrations in five urine samples from volunteers who consumed tap water were 1850, 82, and 21.0 μg/l as X^-, *** who consumed spring water（control） had TOCl, TOBr, and TOI average concentrations in urine of 1090, 88, and 10.3 μg/l as X^-, respectively. TOCl and TOI in the urine samples from tap water consumers were higher than the control. However, TOBr was slightly lower in tap water urine samples compared to mineral water urine samples, indicating other sources of environmental exposure other than drinking water. A larger sample population that consumes tap water from different cities and mineral water is needed to determine TOCl, TOBr, and TOI exposure from drinking water.

关键词： Adsorbable organic halogen(AOX) Total organic halogen(TOX) Disinfection by-products(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic bromine(TOBr) Total organic iodine(TOI) Urine Drinking water

Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第3期7卷 211-220页

作者： Paul l Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu susan Potter-Perigo S Alice long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight Benaroya Research Institute SeattleWAUSA

Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and *** hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC *** primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA ***,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA *** effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,Il-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th *** data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell *** also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen *** data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS.

关键词： dendritic cell hyaluronan immune synapse pericellular matrix Th1

地磁亚暴期间低高度ENA辐射事件的抵近观测与反演

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中国科学：地球科学 2019年第5期49卷 838-847页

作者：路立 susan MCKENNA-lAWlOR Jan BAlAZ 中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间环境探测研究室北京100190 Space Technology Ireland ltd.Maynooth Co. Space Technology Ireland ltd.Maynooth Co. Institute of Experimental Physics

2004年11月12日的系列地磁亚暴期间, TC-2卫星上的中性原子成像仪(NUADU)在飞临近地点附近的南、北极上空观测到低高度能量中性原子(ENA)辐射.通过对高时空分辨探测数据的反演,我们首次给出亚暴期间环电流能量离子沉降和注入过程的全球... 详细信息

2004年11月12日的系列地磁亚暴期间, TC-2卫星上的中性原子成像仪(NUADU)在飞临近地点附近的南、北极上空观测到低高度能量中性原子(ENA)辐射.通过对高时空分辨探测数据的反演,我们首次给出亚暴期间环电流能量离子沉降和注入过程的全球视场展示,展示的时间分辨率高达1min.探测结果表明,观测到的ENA辐射主要来自低高度、高纬极区.由于沉降能量离子沿磁力线运动,在该区域通过电荷交换产生ENA的几率更大.因此,利用低轨道卫星探测高时间和高空间分辨率的ENA成像数据是监测地磁活动期间环电流离子动力学过程演化的最佳方法.

关键词：低高度ENA辐射 ENA图像反演投掷角分布离子注入离子沉降

Heterologous expression of lolium perenne antifreeze protein confers chilling tolerance in tomato

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 1128-1136页

作者： Srinivasan Balamurugan Jayan susan Ann Inchakalody P Varghese Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan Mani ChANDra Harish Sarma Rajeev Kumar Ramalingam Sathishkumar Plant Genetic Engineering laboratory Department of BiotechnologyBharathiar University

Antifreeze proteins（AFP） are produced by certain plants, animals, fungi and bacteria that enable them to survive upon extremely low temperature. Perennial rye grass, lolium perenne, was reported to possess AFP which protects them from cold environments. In the present investigation, we isolated AFP gene from l. perenne and expressed it in tomato plants to elucidate its role upon chilling stress. The T1 transgenic tomato lines were selected and subjected to molecular, biochemical and physiological analyses. Stable integration and transcription of lp AFP in transgenic tomato plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. Physiological analyses under chilling conditions showed that the chilling stress induced physiological damage in wild type（WT） plants, while the transgenic plants remained healthy. Total sugar content increased gradually in both WT and transgenic plants throughout the chilling treatment. Interestingly, transgenic plants exhibited remarkable alterations in terms of relative water content（RWC） and electrolyte leakage index（ElI） than those of WT. RWC increased significantly by 3-fold and the electrolyte leakage was reduced by 2.6-fold in transgenic plants comparing with WT. Overall, this report proved that lp AFP gene confers chilling tolerance in transgenic tomato plants and it could be a potential candidate to extrapolate the chilling tolerance on other chilling-sensitive food crops.

关键词： lolium perenne antifreeze protein chilling tolerance genetic transformation transgenic tomato