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How well does XAD resin extraction recover halogenated disinfection byproducts for comprehensive identification and toxicity testing?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 264-275页

作者： Xiaobin liao Joshua M.Allen Caroline O.Granger susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208USA Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityFujian 361021China Currently at lanzaTech 535 Commerce DriveSopertonGeorgia 30457USA

Halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) are an unintended consequence of drinking water disinfection, and can have significant toxicity. XAD resins are commonly used to extract and enrich trace levels of DBPs for comprehensive, nontarget identification of DBPs and also for in vitro toxicity studies. However, XAD resin recoveries for complete classes of halogenated DBPs have not been evaluated, particularly for low, environmentally relevant levels(ng/l to low μg/l). Thus, it is not known whether levels of DBPs or the toxicity of drinking water might be underestimated. In this study, DAX-8/XAD-2 layered resins were evaluated, considering both adsorption and elution from the resins, for extracting 66 DBPs from water. Results demonstrate that among the 7 classes of DBPs investigated, trihalomethanes(THMs), including iodo-THMs, were the most efficiently adsorbed, with recovery of most THMs ranging from 50%-96%, followed by halonitromethanes(40%-90%). The adsorption ability of XAD resins for haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides, and haloacetaldehydes was highly dependent on the individual species. The adsorption capacity of XAD resins for haloacetic acids was lower(5%-48%), even after adjusting to p H 1 before extraction. Recovery efficiency for most DBPs was comparable with their adsorption, as most were eluted effectively from XAD resins by ethyl acetate. DBP polarity and molecular weight were the two most important factors that determine their recovery. Recovery of trichloromethane, iodoacetic acid, chloro-and iodo-acetonitrile, and chloroacetamide were among the lowest, which could lead to underestimation of toxicity, particularly for iodoacetic acid and iodo-acetonitrile, which are highly toxic.

关键词： XAD resins Disinfection byproducts DBPs Recovery Toxicity

Thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis:Impact of fibrinogen on bleeding risk

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第6期9卷 318-325页

作者： Sonali V Thakrar susan V Mallett Royal Free Perioperative Research Group Department of AnaesthesiaRoyal Free LondonLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom

AIMTo investigate the relationship between baseline platelet count, clauss fibrinogen, maximum amplitude (MA) on thromboelastography, and blood loss in orthotopic liver transplantation (OlT). METHODSA retrospective analysis of our OlT Database (2006-2015) was performed. Baseline haematological indices and intraoperative blood transfusion requirements, as a combination of cell salvage return and estimation of 300 mls/unit of allogenic blood, was noted as a surrogate for intraoperative bleeding. Two groups: Excessive transfusion (> 1200 ml returned) and No excessive transfusion ( RESUlTSOf 322 OlT patients, 77 were excluded due to fulminant disease; redo transplant or baseline haemoglobin (Hb) of P ≤ 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.005), clauss fibrinogen (P = 0.004) and heparinase MA (P = 0.001) were all statistically significantly different. Univariate logistic regression with a cut-off of platelets 9/l as the predictor and Haemorrhage as the outcome showed an odds ratio of 1.393 (95%CI: 0.758-2.563; P = 0.286). Review of receiver operating characteristic curves showed an area under the curve (AUC) for platelet count of 0.604 (95%CI: 0.534-0.675; P = 0.005) as compared with AUC for fibrinogen level, 0.678 (95%CI: 0.612-0.744; P ≤ 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression shows United Kingdom model for End Stage liver Disease (P = 0.006), Hb (P = 0.022) and Fibrinogen (P = 0.026) to be statistically significant, whereas Platelet count was not statistically significant. CONClUSIONPlatelet count alone does not predict excessive transfusion. Additional investigations, e.g., clauss fibrinogen and viscoelastic tests, provide more robust assessment of bleeding-risk in thrombocytopenia and cirrhosis.

关键词： Thrombocytopenia Cirrhosis Haemostasis Fibrinogen liver transplantation

Iridoid glycosides from fruits reduce the growth of fungi associated with fruit rot

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 357-366页

作者： susan R.Whitehead Jordan Tiramani M.Deane Bowers Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Museum of Natural History University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Aims Ripe,fleshy fruits generally function as rewards to attract mutualistic seed dispersers,but many fruits also contain high concentrations of toxic secondary *** compounds may serve a variety of adaptive roles in seed dispersal or as a defense against non-dispersing seed predators or *** tested the effects of iridoid glycosides from fruits of a hybrid bush honeysuckle,lonicera×bella,on the growth of two pathogenic fungal strains associated with fruit rot,Alternaria tenuissima and Aspergillus *** Fungi were isolated from field-collected l.×bella fruits and identified using molecular *** growth rates were assessed in vitro in the presence of varying concentrations of pure loganin,one of the most abundant iridoid glycosides in fruits,as well as fruit extracts containing a mix of at least seven different iridoid *** Findingsloganin had strong dose-dependent negative effects on the growth of both *** from fruits had no effect on Aspergillus but a strong antifungal effect on Alternaria that increased with fruit *** iridoid glycoside concentrations in extracts were not good predictors of variation in fungal growth,but several individual compounds had significant negative *** iridoid glycosides have primarily been studied as antiherbivore defenses in leaves,these results indicate that they can also function to reduce the growth of fungi associated with fruit rot.

关键词： Caprifoliaceae fruit rot fruit secondary metabolites generalized defense lonicera plant-pathogen interactions

Increased pCO_(2) changes the lipid production in important aquacultural feedstock algae Isochrysis galbana,but not in Tetraselmis suecica

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2019年第4期4卷 142-148页

作者： susan C.Fitzer Julien Plancq Cameron J.Floyd Faith M.Kemp Jaime l.Toney Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK

Increased anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions are leading to an increase in CO_(2) uptake by the world's oceans and seas,resulting in ocean acidification with a decrease in global ocean water pH by as much as 0.3–0.4 units by the year *** direct effects of changing pCO_(2) on important microalgal feedstocks are not as well *** studies have focused on lipid composition changes in specific algal species in response to ocean acidification and yet microalgae are an indispensable food source for various marine species,including juvenile *** galbana and Tetraselmis suecica are widely used in aquaculture as feeds for mussels and other *** total lipid contents and concentrations of *** and *** were investigated when grown under present day(400 ppm)and ocean acidification conditions(1000 ppm)to elucidate the impact of increasing pCO_(2) on an important algae *** lipids,long-chain alkenones(lCAs)and alkenoates decreased at 1000 ppm in *** produces higher lipids than ***,and is perhaps as a result more impacted by the change in carbon available for lipid production under higher pCO_(2).*** is an important feedstock,more easily assimilated for growth in juvenile shellfish and reductions in lipid composition may prove problematic for the growth of future shellfish *** findings suggest that higher pCO_(2) impacts on algal lipid growth are species specific and warrant further *** is therefore vital to examine the impact of high CO_(2) on algal lipid production,especially those commercial shellfish feed varieties to predict future impacts on commercial aquaculture.

关键词： Ocean acidification Algae lipids Aquaculture Feedstock

Evaluation of 64Cu-DOTA- and 64Cu-CBTE2A-Galectin-3 Peptide as a PET Radiotracer for breast Carcinoma

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2011年第1期1卷 1-11页

作者： Senthil R. Kumar susan l. Deutscher University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactosidase binding protein that modulates various cellular processes including cell adhesion, and metastasis. We evaluated the tumor targeting and imaging properties of a galectin-3 binding peptide originally selected from bacteriophage display, in a mouse model of human breast carcinoma expressing galectin-3. A galectin-3 binding peptide, ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR, was synthesized with a Gly-Ser-Gly (GSG) spacer and 1,4,7,10, tetraazacyclododecane-N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetracetic acid (DOTA) or 4,11-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,8,11 tetrazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane 4,11-diacetic acid (CB-TE2A), and radiolabeled with 64Cu. The synthesized peptides 64Cu-DO3A-(GSG)-ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR (64Cu-DO3A- pep) and 64Cu-CB-TE2A-(GSG)-ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR(64Cu-CB-TE2A-pep) demonstrated an IC50 value of 97 ± 6.7 nM and 130 ± 10.2 nM, respectively, to cultured MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells in vitro in a competitive displacement binding study. The tumor tissue uptake in SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-435 tumors was 1.2 ± 0.18 %ID/g (64Cu-DO3A-pep) and 0.85 ± 0.0.9 %ID/g (64Cu-CB-TE2A-pep) at 30 min, respectively. While liver retention was moderate with both radiolabeled peptides the kidney retention was observed to be high. Radiation dose delivered to the tumor was estimated to be 42 mGy/mCi and 129 mGy/ mCi with CB-TE2A and DO3A peptides, respectively. Imaging studies demonstrated tumor uptake with both 64Cu-DO3A- and 64Cu-CB-TE2A-(GSG)-ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR after 2 h post injection. These studies suggest that gal-3 binding peptide could be developed into a PET imaging agent for galectin-3-expressing breast tumors.

关键词： Galectin-3 Breast Cancer PET Imaging Peptide Radiotracer

World's Third-largest Molybdenum Deposit Discovered in Caosiyao Area, Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1615-1616页

作者： HAO Ziguo FEI Hongcai lIU lian HAO Qingqing susan TURNER Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Editorial Office of Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) Geological Society of China Editorial Office of Geology and Exploration Institute of Mineral Resources Research China Metallurgical Geology Bureau

On l lth September 2013, the Inner Mongolia Mineral Resources and Reserves Evaluation Center estimated that the world＇s third-largest molybdenum deposit had been found in the Caosiyao area of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia, NE China. The find has 130235.60×10^4 t of （122b）＋（333） molybdenum ores, a metal amount of 1327649.27 t, with Mo grade of 0.102-a super-large one.

关键词： rate Inner Mongolia Xinghe County World’s Third-largest Molybdenum Deposit Discovered in Caosiyao Area rock

Breeding Status, Nesting Densities ＆ Diet Trends of Two Endangered California least Tern Colonies

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第10期1卷 1135-1145页

作者： David l. Riensche Meredith l. Elliott susan H. Euing Planning and Stewardship Department East Bay Regional Park District Oakland 94605 California USA PRBO Conservation Science Petaluma 94954 California USA U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alameda 94501 California USA

The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.

关键词： California least tern endangered species breeding status nesting densities diet trends.

Controlled release of FK506 from micropatterned PlGA films:potential for application in peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1247-1252页

作者： Brett Davis susan Wojtalewicz Pratima labroo Jill Shea Himanshu Sant Bruce Gale Jayant Agarwal Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Department of Surgery University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah

After decades of research,peripheral nerve injury and repair still frequently results in paralysis,chronic pain and neuropathies leading to severe disability in *** clinically available nerve conduits only provide crude guidance of regenerating axons across nerve gap without additional ***506（Tacrolimus）,an FDA approved immunosuppressant,has been shown to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration but carries harsh side-effects when delivered *** objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a bioresorbable drug delivery system capable of local extended delivery of FK506 that also provides topological guidance cues to guide axon growth via *** was used to create micropatterned poly（lactide-co-glycolic acid）（PlGA） films embedded with ***-patterned,10/10 μm（ridge/groove width）,and 30/30 μm patterned films loaded with 0,1,and 3 μg/cm2 FK506 were manufactured and *** vitro FK506 rate of release testing indicated that the films are capable of an extended（at least 56 days）,controlled,and scalable release of *** extension bioactivity assay indicated that FK506 released from the films（concentration of samples tested ranged between 8.46–19.7 ng/m l） maintained its neural bioactivity and promoted neurite extension similar to control FK506 dosages（10 ng/m l FK506）.The multi-functional FK506 embedded,micropatterned poly（lactide-co-glycolic acid） films developed in this study have potential to be used in the construction of peripheral nerve repair devices.

关键词： nerve regeneration FK506 controlled release micropatterns topological cues PlGA

Early acute kidney injury after liver transplantation: Predisposing factors and clinical implications

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第18期9卷 823-832页

作者： Suehana Rahman susan V Mallett Brian R Davidson Royal Free Perioperative Research Group Department of Anaesthesia Royal Free Hospital Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust

To investigate the additional clinical impact of hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) on patients sustaining acute kidney injury (AKI) following liver transplantation. METHODSThis was a single-centre retrospective study of consecutive adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OlT) between January 2013 and June 2014. Early AKI was identified by measuring serum creatinine at 24 h post OlT (> 1.5 × baseline) or by the use of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVHF) during the early post-operative period. Patients with and without AKI were compared to identify risk factors associated with this complication. Peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) within 24 h post-OlT was used as a surrogate marker for HIRI and severity was classified as minor (l), moderate (1000-5000 IU/l) or severe (> 5000 IU/l). The impact on time to extubation, intensive care length of stay, incidence of chronic renal failure and 90-d mortality were examined firstly for each of the two complications (AKI and HIRI) alone and then as a combined outcome. RESUlTSOut of the 116 patients included in the study, 50% developed AKI, 24% required CVVHF and 70% sustained moderate or severe HIRI. Median peak AST levels were 1248 IU/l and 2059 IU/l in the No AKI and AKI groups respectively (P = 0.0003). Furthermore, peak serum AST was the only consistent predictor of AKI on multivariate analysis P = 0.02. AKI and HIRI were individually associated with a longer time to extubation, increased length of intensive care unit stay and reduced survival. However, the patients who sustained both AKI and moderate or severe HIRI had a longer median time to extubation (P length of stay (P = 0.001) than those with either complication alone. Ninety-day survival in the group sustaining both AKI and moderate or severe HIRI was 89%, compared to 100% in the groups with either or neither complication (P = 0.049). CONClUSIONHIRI has an important role in the devel

关键词： Hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury liver transplantation Perioperative care Acute kidney injury Marginal grafts