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Using classification assignment rules to assess land-use change impacts on forest biodiversity at local-to-national scales

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 162-176页

作者： k.thrin Affeld susan k. wise. Ian J. Payton Miquel DeCaceres Manaak. Whenua - Landcare Research PO Box 69040 Lincoln 7640 New Zealand Lincoln University PO Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand Forest Science Centre of Catalonia Ctra. Sant Llorenc km.2 E-25280 Solsona Spain

Back.round： Ecosystem representation is one k.y component in assessing the biodiversity impacts of land-use changes that will irrevocably alter natural ecosystems. We show how detailed vegetation plot data can be used to assess the potential impact of inundation by a proposed hydroelectricity dam in the Mok.hinui gorge, New Zealand, on representation of natural forests. Specifically we ask. 1） How well are the types of forest represented Locally, regionally, and nationally; and 2） How does the number of distinct communities （i.e. beta diversity） in the target catchment compare with other catchments nationally？ Methods： For local and regional comparisons plant species composition was recorded on 45 objectively located 400 m2 vegetation plots established in each of three gorges, with one being the proposed inundation area of the Mok.hinui lower gorge. The fuzzy classification framework.of noise clustering was used to assign these plots to a specific alliance and association of a pre-existing national-scale classification. NationaLly, we examined the relationship between the number of alliances and associations in a catchment and either catchment size or the number of plots per catchment by fitting Generalised Additive Models. Results： The four alliances and five associations that were observed in the Mok.hinui lower gorge arepresent in the region but limited locally. One association was narrowly distributed nationally, but is the mostfrequent association in the Mok.hinui lower gorge; inundation may have consequences of national importance to its long-term persistence. That the Mok.hinui lower gorge area had nearly twice as many plots that could not be assigned to pre- existing alliances and associations than either the Mok.hinui upper or the k.ramea lower gorges and proportionally more than the national dataset emphasises the compositional distinctiveness of this gorge. These outlier plots in the Mok.hinui lower gorge may be unsorted assemblages of species or reflect

关键词： Beta-diversity Biodiversity conservation Environmental impacts Ecosystem representation Hydroelectricity dams Land-use change National vegetation classification Noise clustering New Zealand NVS databank Plant community composition

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Discrimination of membrane antigen affinity by B cells requires dominance of k.netic proofreading over serial engagement

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第1期9卷 62-74页

作者： Philippos k.Tsourk.s Wanli Liu Somk.nya C Das susan k.Pierce Subhadip Raychaudhuri Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Laboratory of Immunogenetics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA

B-cell receptor signaling in response to membrane-bound antigen increases with antigen affinity,a process k.own as affinity *** use computational modeling to show that B-cell affinity discrimination requires that k.netic proofreading predominate over serial *** find that if B-cell receptors become signaling-capable immediately upon antigen binding,which results in decreasing serial engagement as affinity increases,then increasing affinity can lead to weak.r ***,antigen must stay bound to B-cell receptors for a threshold time of several seconds before becoming signaling-capable,a process similar to k.netic *** process overcomes the loss in serial engagement due to increasing antigen affinity,and replicates the monotonic increase in B-cell signaling with increasing affinity that has been observed in B-cell activation *** finding matches well with the experimentally observed time(,20 s)required for the B-cell receptor signaling domains to undergo antigen and lipid raft-mediated conformational changes that lead to Src-family k.nase *** hypothesize that the physical basis for a threshold time of antigen binding might lie in the formation timescale of B-cell receptor *** time required for dimer formation decreases with increasing antigen affinity,thereby resulting in shorter threshold antigen binding times as affinity *** an affinity-dependent k.netic proofreading requirement results in affinity discrimination very similar to that observed in biological experiments.B-cell affinity discrimination is critical to the process of affinity maturation and the production of high-affinity antibodies,and thus our results have important implications in applications such as vaccine design.

关键词： computational modeling Monte Carlo lymphocyte signaling Lyn Syk

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Tuberculous otitis media eseries of 10 cases

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Journal of Otology 2020年第3期15卷 95-98页

作者： susan k.ebastian Aditya Singhal Ank.r Sharma Pank.jk.mar Doloi Department of ENT and Head&Neck.Surgery St Stephen’s HospitalDelhiIndia

Back.round:Tuberculosis(TB)of the middle ear cleft(MEC)is a rare extra-pulmonary *** and symptoms of tuberculous otitis media are indistinguishable from that of non-tuberculous otitis media mak.ng early diagnosis ***:To study the clinical presentations,complications and effective diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis of middle ear ***:We retrospectively studied 10 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media,unresponsive to 2 months conventional *** tone audiogram,High resolution computed tomography(HRCT)of temporal bone,and AFB staining of ear discharge were *** patients underwent mastoid *** staining and histopathological examination of granulation tissue removed from the middle ear and mastoid were also ***:Clinical findings were mastoid swelling,facial palsy and post-aural fistula 3,4&2 patients *** patients had persistent ear discharge and three had *** loss was of moderate conductive type in five,sensorineural type in three and mixed type in *** of temporal bone revealed soft tissue density in MEC in 9 and evidence of bone destruction in 6 *** of TB was confirmed either by(a)demonstration of AFB in ear discharge(4 patients)/tissue removed during surgery(4 patients)or(b)by demonstration of tuberculous granulomas with necrosis on histopathological examination of tissue from MEC(8 patients).Conclusion:Tuberculosis should be suspected in all cases of chronic otitis media unresponsive to conventional treatment particularly in endemic *** examination and AFB staining of tissue removed during mastoid surgery are reliable diagnostic methods.

关键词： Tuberculosis Otitis media Mastoiditis Histopathological diagnosis

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Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 645-654页

作者： susan A.Coats Ali M.Idris Judith k.Brown Department of Plant Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate k.y phylogeographic link.ges between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the Maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-Mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The "B" biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with "B" biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci complex cytochrome oxidase I host range phylogenetic relationship

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Template-Based Gait Authentication Through Bayesian Thresholding

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 209-219页

作者： Ebenezer R.H.P.Isaac susan Elias Srinivasan Rajagopalan k.S.Easwarak.mar IEEE the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras the School of Electronics Engineering VIT University the Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anna University

While gait recognition is the mapping of a gait sequence to an identity k.own to the system, gait authentication refers to the problem of identifying whether a given gait sequence belongs to the claimed identity. A typical gait authentication system starts with a feature representation such as a gait template, then proceeds to extract its features, and a transformation is ultimately applied to obtain a discriminant feature set. Almost every authentication approach in literature favours the use of Euclidean distance as a threshold to mark.the boundary between a legitimate subject and an impostor. This article proposes a method that uses the posterior probability of a Bayes' classifier in place of the Euclidean distance. The proposed framework.is applied to template-based gait feature representations and is evaluated using the standard CASIA-B gait database. Our study experimentally demonstrates that the Bayesian posterior probability performs significantly better than the de facto Euclidean distance approach and the cosine distance which is established in research to be the current state of the art.

关键词： Bayes’ rule biometrics gait recognition linear discriminant analysis verification

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Biodiversity and seasonal variation of benthic macrofauna in Minicoy Island, Lak.hadweep,India

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第10期33卷 58-73页

作者： Dalia susan V Satheesh k.mar P. Pillai N. G. k Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kochi Kerala 682018 India

From the Indian coast only limited data are available on the benthic fauna of the seagrass communities. In this study, seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and influence of environmental parameters was explored at four seagrass beds and two mangrove stations along the Minicoy Island, Lak.hadweep, India, from September 1999 to August 2001. A total of 160 macrobenthic species from eight major groups represented the macrofauna of the Minicoy Island. Of the identified taxa, molluscs 70（gastropods 41.46%, bivalves 7.5%）, polychaetes 27（16.88%）, crustaceans 30（18.75%）, echinoderms 11（6.88%） and remaining others. Average seasonal abundance of benthic macrofauna ranged from 219 to 711 ind./m2, species diversity varied from 1.45 to 3.64 bits per individual, species richness index ranged from 4.01 to 26.17, evenness 0.69 to 1.66. In general, the higher abundance and species diversity was noticed in southern seagrass stations and northern seagrass stations, but in the mangrove stations comparatively low species diversity was observed. Three-way analysis of variance indicated that all communities resulted as being significantly different between seagrass and mangrove station, mainly when the seasonal interaction was considered. Multivariate analyses were employed to help define benthic characteristic and the relationship between environmental parameters at the six monitoring stations. Results of cluster analyses and multidimensional scale plot suggest that for mangrove region, different physiographic provinces, lower salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment biotic structure have a higher influence on the species composition and diversity than other oceanographic conditions.

关键词： abundance seagrass macrobenthos mangrove Minicoy Island Lak.hadweep

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Multiple common garden experiments suggest lack.of local adaptation in an invasive ornamental plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 209-220页

作者： susan k.Ebeling Jürg Stöck.in Isabell Hensen Harald Auge Department of Community Ecology UFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research(UFZ)Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 406120 HalleGermany Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany Institute of Botany University of BaselScho¨nbeinstrasse 6CH-4056 BaselSwitzerland

Adaptive evolution along geographic gradients of climatic conditions is suggested to facilitate the spread of invasive plant species,leading to clinal variation among populations in the introduced *** investigated whether adaptation to climate is also involved in the invasive spread of an ornamental shrub,Buddleja davidii,across western and central *** We combined a common garden experiment,replicated in three climatically different central European regions,with reciprocal transplantation to quantify genetic differentiation in growth and reproductive traits of 20 invasive *** ***,we compared compensatory regrowth among populations after clipping of stems to simulate mechanical *** Findings Our results do not provide evidence for clinal variation among invasive *** populations:populations responded similarly to the different environments,and trait values were not correlated to climatic conditions or geographic coordinates of their home ***,we did not detect differences in the compensatory ability of *** suppose that the invasive spread of *** has been facilitated by phenotypic plasticity rather than by adaptation to climate and that continent-wide shuffling of cultivars due to horticultural trade may have limited local adaptation so far.

关键词： Buddleja davidii reciprocal transplantation biological invasion geographic clines climatic conditions

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Practice environment related barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Blantyre, Malawi

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Health 2013年第9期5卷 1412-1421页

作者： Ursula k. k.fulafula Mary k. Hutchinson susan Gennaro Sally Guttmacher Ellen Chirwa Boston College of Nursing Boston USA New York.University New York USA University of Malawi Kamuzu College of Nursing Blantyre Malawi

Rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Malawi remain low despite the ack.owledged benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for the infant’s wellbeing and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Creating an environment supportive of exclusive breastfeeding is critical to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers. However, little is k.own on factors that influence the environment within which HIV-positive mothers in Malawi practise exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the exploratory qualitative study on which this article is based was conducted at the Chatink.a maternity unit of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Malawi from April 16, 2009 to May 8, 2009 to explore perceived practice environment related barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers. Data were obtained through indepth interviews with 16 purposively selected breastfeeding HIV-positive mothers between 18 and 35 years old and two focus group discussions with women of unk.own HIV status. Semi-structured interview and focus group guides were utilised. Content analysis of data was done. Five main themes emerged regarding factors that may influence the environment within which exclusive breastfeeding was practised: 1) availability of resources;2) societal norms and cultural practices;3) mother-baby proximity;4) health work.rs’ attitudes and 5) disclosure of the mothers’ HIV status. A multi-sectoral approach to promote exclusive breastfeeding is suggested. This?should include community involvement because it is in the community where breastfeeding norms and cultural practices associated with breast-feeding are propagated.

关键词： Barriers Practice Environment Exclusive Breastfeeding HIV-Positive Mothers Malawi

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A gap-free genome assembly of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii anddetection of translocations induced by CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 249-271页

作者： Zachary L.Payne Gervette M.Penny Tychele N.Turner susan k.Dutcher Department of Genetics Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63110USA

Genomic assemblies of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have provided important resources for ***,assembly errors,large gaps,and unplaced scaffolds as well as strain-specific variants currently impede many types of *** combining PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies,we generated a de novo genome assembly for strain CC-5816,derived from crosses of strains CC-125 and *** methods of evaluating genome completeness and base-pair error rate suggest that the final telomere-to-telomere assembly is highly *** CC-5816 assembly enabled previously difficult analyses that include characterization of the 17 centromeres,rDNA arrays on three chromosomes,and 56 insertions of organellar DNA into the nuclear *** Nanopore sequencing,we identified sites of cytosine(CpG)methylation,which are enriched at *** analyzed CRISPR-Cas9 insertional mutants in the PF23 *** of the three alleles produced progeny that displayed patterns of meiotic inviability that suggested the presence of a chromosomal *** Nanopore reads from pf23-2 and pf23-3 onto the CC-5816 genome showed that these two strains each carry a translocation that was initiated at the PF23 gene locus on chromosome 11 and joined with chromosomes 5 or 3,*** translocations were verified by demonstrating link.ge between loci on the two translocated chromosomes in meiotic *** three pf23 alleles display the expected short-cilia phenotype,and immunoblotting showed that pf23-2 lack. the PF23 *** CC-5816 genome assembly will undoubtedly provide an important tool for the Chlamydomonas research community.

关键词： alga reference genome de novo PacBio Nanopore structural variation

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Mental health in a Canadian Old Order Mennonite community

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Health 2013年第3期5卷 538-556页

作者： k.thryn Fisher k. Bruce Newbold John Eyles susan Elliott School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Canada School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Canada. School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

This paper presents the results of a 2010 survey exploring the determinants of rural mental health in two farming groups in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Old Order Mennonites (OOMs) and non-OOM farmers. Comparing these two groups reduces the lik.ly impact of many contextual features impacting both groups, such as local economic conditions. We explore a comprehensive list of health determinants to assess their relative importance and thus enable policy action to focus on those having the greatest impact. The mental component summary (MCS) of the short- form health survey (SF-12) was used to measure mental health. We compare mental health in the two populations and use multiple regression to determine the relative importance of the determinants in explaining mental health. The results show that OOMs experience better mental health than non-OOMs, in part due to the strong mental health of OOM women. Coping, stress and social interaction shape mental health in both groups, reflecting the broader determinants literature and suggesting these are important across many populations with different life circumstances. Other determinants are important for one group but not the other, underscoring the diversity of rural populations. For example, different social capital measures shape mental health in the two groups, and sense-of-place is associated with mental health in only one group (OOMs). The results are discussed in terms of their implications for future health determinants research and policy action to address rural mental health.

关键词： Social Determinants of Health Rural Mental Health Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12)

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