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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2023年第12期17卷 59-69页

作者： Tianyi Chen Lizbeth Taylor-edmonds susan Andrews Ron Hofmann Department of Civil and Mineral engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada

Residual H_(2)O_(2)from UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment can be quenched by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine,but the kinetics of these reactions have not been reported under the full range of practical *** this study,the rates of H_(2)O_(2)quenching by these compounds were compared in different water matrices,temperatures,pH,and when using different forms of bisulfite and *** general,it was confirmed that thiosulfate would be too slow to serve as a quenching agent in most practical *** pH 7-8.5,chlorine tends to quench H_(2)O_(2)more than 20 times faster than bisulfite in the various conditions *** important observation was that in lightly-buffered water(e.g.,alkalinity of 20 mg/L as CaCO_(3)),the form of chlorine can have a large impact on quenching rate,with gaseous chlorine slowing the reaction due to its lowering of the pH,and hypochlorite having the opposite *** impacts will become less significant when water buffer capacity(i.e.,alkalinity)increases(e.g.,to 80 mg/L as CaCO_(3)).In addition,water temperature should be considered as the time required to quench H_(2)O_(2)by chlorine at 4℃is up to 3 times longer than at 20℃.

关键词： UV/H_(2)O_(2) H_(2)O_(2) quenching Chlorine type Water alkalinity Temperature

Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R V Chowda-Reddy M Kirankumar susan e Seal V Muniyappa Girish B Valand M R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Department of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

Bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 *** samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one（mtCOI）*** comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-B *** from India clustered into the Middle east-Asia Minor 1 group.A new group of *** from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus（ToLCBV）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCBV transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-B had the more efficient transmission *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begomoviruses mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase whitefly Bemisia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidemiology

Caries Patterns in the Primary Dentition: Cluster Analysis of a Sample of 5,169 Arizona Children 5-59 Months of Age

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International Journal of Oral Science 2009年第4期1卷 189-195页

作者： Walter J. Psoter David G. Pendrys Douglas e. Morse He-ping Zhang susan T. Mayne Department of epidemiology ＆ Health Promotion College of Dentistry New York University New York USA Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences School of Dental Medicine University Of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington USA Department of epidemiology and Public Health School of Medicine Yale University New Haven USA

Aim Cluster analysis was conducted on data from 5,169 United States （U.S.） Arizona children, age＇s 5-59-months with the goal of delineating patterns of caries in the primary dentition of pre-school children without a priori pattern definitions. Methodology Cluster analyses were conducted using all data for children ages 0-4 years in aggregate： 1） for all subjects, and 2） for subjects without crowned restored teeth. each of these two sets of analyses consisted of 8 differently specified cluster analyses as a validation procedure. Results The caries patterns identified from the clustering analysis are： 1） smooth surfaces （other than the maxillary incisor）, 2） maxillary incisor, 3） occlusal surfaces of first molars, and 4） pit and fissure surfaces of second molars. Conclusion The cluster analysis findings were consistent with results produced by multidimensional scaling. These cross-validated patterns may represent resulting disease conditions from different risks or the timing of various risk factor exposures. As such, the patterns may be useful case definitions for caries risk factor investigations in children under 60 months of age.

关键词： dental caries cluster analysis multidimensional scaling early childhood caries (eCC) caries patterns

Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： Hannah K.Liberatore eric J.Daiber Sridevi A.Ravuri Judith e.Schmid susan D.Richardson David M.DeMarini Air Methods and Characterization Division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and environmental effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the muta

关键词： Swimming pools Hot tubs Mutagenicity Disinfection byproducts Spas

Ron receptor-dependent gene regulation in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced acute liver failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第4期11卷 383-392页

作者： Rishikesh M Kulkarni Louis W Kutcher William D Stuart Daniel J Carson Mike A Leonis susan e Waltz Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229USA Department of Research Shriner's Hospital for Children and Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA

BACKGROUND:Prior experimentation has shown that loss of the tyrosine kinase(TK) signaling domain of the Ron receptor leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a model of lipopolysaccharideinduced acute liver failure(ALF) in D-galactosamine(GalN)sensitized *** aim of this study was to identify the role of Ron in the regulation of hepatic gene ***:Microarray analyses were performed on liver RNA isolated sequentially from wild-type(WT) and TK-/mice during the progression of *** array data were validated using Western and immunohistochemistry analyses as well as with ex vivo culture ***:At baseline,101 genes were differentially expressed between WT and TK-/-livers,which regulate processes involved in hypoxia,proliferation,apoptosis and *** hour after ALF induction,WT livers exhibited increased cytokine expression compared to TK-/-livers,and after 4 hours,an induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling(SOCS) genes as well as JAK-STAT pathway activation were prominent in TK-/livers compared to ***:Our studies suggest a novel hepato-protective mechanism in Ron TK-/-mice wherein increased and sustained SOCS production and JAK-STAT activation in the hepatocyte may inhibit the destructive proinflammatory milieu and promote survival factors which blunt hepatic death and the ensuing development of ALF.

关键词： Mst1R suppressors of cytokine signaling Met receptor hepatocyte growth factor-like protein

Current and near-term advances in earth observation for ecological applications

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ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 1-57页

作者： susan L.Ustin elizabeth M.Middleton John Muir Institute of the environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(emerita) GreenbeltMD 20771USA.

There is an unprecedented array of new satellite technologies with capabilities for advancing our understanding of ecological processes and the changing composition of the earth’s biosphere at scales from local plots to the whole *** identified 48 instruments and 13 platforms with multiple instruments that are of broad interest to the environmental sciences that either collected data in the 2000s,were recently launched,or are planned for launch in this *** have restricted our review to instruments that primarily observe terrestrial landscapes or coastal margins and are available under free and open data *** focused on imagers that passively measure wavelengths in the reflected solar and emitted thermal *** suite of instruments we describe measure land surface characteristics,including land cover,but provide a more detailed monitoring of ecosystems,plant communities,and even some species then possible from historic *** newer instruments have potential to greatly improve our understanding of ecosystem functional relationships among plant traits like leaf mass area(LMA),total nitrogen content,and leaf area index(LAI).They provide new information on physiological processes related to photosynthesis,transpiration and respiration,and stress detection,including capabilities to measure key plant and soil biophysical *** include canopy and soil temperature and emissivity,chlorophyll fluorescence,and biogeochemical contents like photosynthetic pigments(e.g.,chlorophylls,carotenoids,and phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria),water,cellulose,lignin,and nitrogen in foliar *** data will enable us to quantify and characterize various soil properties such as iron content,several types of soil clays,organic matter,and other *** of these satellites are in low earth orbit(LeO),but we include a few in geostationary orbit(GeO)because of their potential to measure plant physiological traits over diurnal periods,impro

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystems earth Observing Satellites ecosystem processes Physiological functions Multispectral Hyperspectral Thermal LiDAR Radar imagers Biochemistry Soil properties Species mapping Change detection 3D canopy structure Topography

Disinfection byproducts and halogen-specific total organic halogen speciation in chlorinated source waters——The impact of iopamidol and bromide

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 90-101页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson Hannah K.Liberatore Michael J.Plewa susan D.Richardson Thomas A.Ternes Stephen e.Duirk Department of Civil engineering University of AkronAkronOH 44325USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Federal Institute of Hydrology(BfG) D-56068 KoblenzGermany

This study investigated the speciation of halogen-specific total organic halogen and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) upon chlorination of natural organic matter(NOM) in the presence of iopamidol and bromide(Br^-).experiments were conducted with low bromide source waters with different NOM characteristics from Northeast Ohio,USA and varied spiked levels of bromide(2-30 μmol/L) and iopamidol(1-5 μmol/L).Iopamidol was found to be a direct precursor to trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid formation,and in the presence of Br^-favored brominated *** concentration and speciation of DBPs formed were impacted by iopamidol and bromide concentrations,as well as the presence of *** iopamidol increased the concentration of iodinated DBPs(iodo-DBPs) and THMs ***,as Br^-concentrations increased,the concentrations of nonbrominated iodo-and chloro-DBPs decreased while brominated-DBPs *** of the concentration of either iopamidol or bromide,bromochloroiodomethane(CHBrClI) was the most predominant iodo-DBP formed except at the lowest bromide concentration *** relevant concentrations of iopamidol(1 μmol/L) and bromide(2 μmol/L),significant quantities of highly toxic iodinated and brominated DBPs were ***,the rapid oxidation and incorporation of bromide appear to inhibit iodoDBP formation under conditions relevant to drinking water treatment.

关键词： Iopamidol Total organic halogen(TOX) Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Chlorine Natural organic matter(NOM) pH

Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Malus and Pyrus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasqualetto Luisa Palmieri Stefan Martens Vincent G.M.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wiedow Mickael A.Malnoy susan e.Gardiner Research and Innovation Centre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple(Malus)and pear(Pyrus)are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures,f lavours,and nutritional *** genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites,which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases,but also have significant impacts on the f lavour and nutritional value of the *** identical chromosome numbers,similar genome size,and their recent divergence date,together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly *** study utilized comparative genomic approaches,including simple sequence repeats,high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis,and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types,along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross ***,this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight(erwinia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers,by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.

关键词： crops utilized breeding

Initial impacts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer： field-scale experiment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou susan M. Morgan Andrew Bartlett Department of Civil engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Department of Civil engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot stormwater runott, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. e. coli was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Combined sewer Stormwater quality and quantity

Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas J Chirichella C Michael Dunham Michael A Zimmerman elise M Phelan M susan Mandell Kendra D Conzen Stephen e Kelley Trevor L Nydam Thomas e Bak Igal Kam Michael e Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/Critical Care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DCD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (HC) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DCD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS DonorNet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dL) × 1.37 (mL O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure emia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry e was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. HC occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. HC occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dL vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dL, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications Reperfusion injury