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Animal cognition

Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 128-131页

作者： susan d.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

This special issue of Integrative Zoology(the official journal of the International Society of Zoological Sciences and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)is focused on questions concerning the cognitive abilities of *** papers in this issue are the outcome of the 9th International Symposium of Integrative Zoology from 27-31 August 2017 in Xining,Qinghai Province,*** of these papers showcases questions absorbing the current interest of researchers in animal cognition(healy 2019).Those questions range from the methodological through to experimental design to the relationship between cognitive abilities and their neural underpinnings,from the laboratory to the field,and to the very nature of *** experimental design has long been the hallmark of work on animal cognition(many examples are included in Shettleworth[2010])and this special issue contains several new instances.

关键词： journal concerning cognition

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren M.GUILLETTE susan d.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing *** video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live *** goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to ***,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 *** observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not *** this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 *** two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous *** results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

From a sequential pattern,temporal adjustments emerge in hummingbird traplining

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 182-192页

作者： Maria C.TELLO-RAMOS Andrew T.HURLY susan d.healy School of Biology University of St AndrewsScotlandUK department of Biological Sciences University of LethbridgeAlbertaCanada

Animals that feed from resources that are constant in space and that refill may benefit from repeating the order in which they visit *** is a behavior known as traplining,a spatial ***,like other central-place foragers,use short traplines when moving between several rewarding *** we investigated whether traplining hummingbirds also use relevant temporal information when choosing which flowers to *** rufous hummingbirds that were allowed to visit 3 artificial flower patches in which flowers were refilled 20 min after they had been depleted repeated the order in which they visited the 3 *** they tended to visit the first 2 patches sooner than 20 min,they visited the third patch at approximately 20-min inter*** time between visits to the patches increased across the experiment,suggesting that the birds learned to wait longer before visiting a *** birds appeared to couple the sequential pattern of a trapline with temporal regularity,to some *** suggests that there is a temporal component to the repeated spatial movements flown by foraging wild hummingbirds.

关键词： foraging patterns interval timing rufous hummingbirds Selasphorus rufus

A catalyst for integrating analytical biology,analytical chemistry, and engineering to improve drinking water safety: The groundbreaking work of dr. Michael Plewa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 6-9页

作者： susan d.Richardson department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael Plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (ACS) Conference, where, following his talk, this promising researcher was being unfairly criticized by a well-established scientist. I disagreed with this scientist’s criticism, and I encouraged the student how I thought his work was important.

关键词： breaking integrating analytical

A new technique helps to uncover unknown peptides and disinfection by-products in water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： susan d.Richardson Cristina Postigo department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina department of Environmental Chemistry Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter（NOM）and thousands that derive from anthropogenic *** complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more *** to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water（e.g.,chlorine,chloramines,

关键词： disinfection by-products(dBPs) drinking water Halogenated peptides Liquid chromatography Natural organic matter(NOM) Non-targeted analysis Tandem mass spectrometry Water contaminants

do dBPs swim in salt water pools? Comparison of 60 dBPs formed by electrochemically generated chlorine vs. conventional chlorine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 232-241页

作者： Caroline O.Granger susan d.Richardson department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina631 Sumter St.ColumbiaSC 29208USA

disinfectants are added to swimming pools to kill harmful pathogens. Although liquid chlorine(sodium hypochlorite) is the most commonly used disinfectant, alternative disinfection techniques like electrochemically generated mixed oxidants or electrochemically generated chlorine, often referred to as salt water pools, are growing in popularity. However, these disinfectants react with natural organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants introduced to the pool water by swimmers to form disinfection byproducts(dBPs). dBPs have been linked to several adverse health effects, such as bladder cancer, adverse birth outcomes, and asthma. In this study, we quantified 60 dBPs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assessed the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an indoor community swimming pool before and after switching to a salt water pool with electrochemically generated chlorine. Interestingly, the total dBPs increased by 15% upon implementation of the salt water pool, but the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity decreased by 45% and 15%, respectively. Predominant dBP classes formed were haloacetic acids, with trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid contributing 57% of the average total dBPs formed. Haloacetonitriles, haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes were the primary drivers of calculated cytotoxicity, and haloacetic acids were the primary driver of calculated genotoxicity. diiodoacetic acid, a highly toxic iodinated dBP, is reported for the first time in swimming pool water. Bromide impurities in sodium chloride used to electrochemically generate chlorine led to a 73% increase in brominated dBPs, primarily driven by bromochloroacetic acid. This study presents the most extensive dBP study to-date for salt water pools.

关键词： disinfection byproducts Swimming pools Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity GC-MS

Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes, iodo-haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes during chlorination and chloramination of iodine containing waters in laboratory controlled reactions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 127-134页

作者： Cristina Postigo susan d.Richardson damia Barceló Water and Soil Quality Research Group Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina SC 29208 United States Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA) Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona17003 GironaSpain

Iodine containing disinfection by-products（I-dBPs） and haloacetaldehydes（HALs） are emerging disinfection by-product（dBP） classes of concern. The former due to its increased potential toxicity and the latter because it was found to be the third most relevant dBP class in mass in a U.S. nationwide drinking water study. These dBP classes have been scarcely investigated, and this work was performed to further explore their formation in drinking water under chlorination and chloramination scenarios. In order to do this, iodo-trihalomethanes（I-THMs）,iodo-haloacetic acids（I-HAAs） and selected HALs（mono-HALs and di-HALs species, including iodoacetaldehyde） were investigated in dBP mixtures generated after chlorination and chloramination of different water matrices containing different levels of bromide and iodide in laboratory controlled reactions. Results confirmed the enhancement of I-dBP formation in the presence of monochloramine. While I-THMs and I-HAAs contributed almost equally to total I-dBP concentrations in chlorinated water, I-THMs contributed the most to total I-dBP levels in the case of chloraminated water. The most abundant and common I-THM species generated were bromochloroiodomethane, dichloroiodomethane, and chlorodiiodomethane. Iodoacetic acid and chloroiodoacetic acid contributed the most to the total I-HAA concentrations measured in the investigated disinfected water. As for the studied HALs, dihalogenated species were the compounds that predominantly formed under both investigated treatments.

关键词： Iodinated disinfection by-products Chlorination Chloramination drinking water Mass spectrometry Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodo-haloacetic acids Haloacetaldehydes

TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of dBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 208-216页

作者： Michael J.Plewa Elizabeth d.Wagner susan d.Richardson Safe Global Water Institute and the Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina

The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（dBPs）. Many of the identified dBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the *** a few dBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated dBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing dBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define dBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.

关键词： dBPs CHO cell cytotoxicity Toxicity Additivity

Seeing the wood for the trees:towards improved quantification of glial cells in central nervous system tissue

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1520-1523页

作者： Sinéad.healy Jill McMahon Una FitzGerald Galway Neuroscience Centre School of Natural SciencesNational University of Ireland

The following mini-review attempts to guide researchers in the quantification of fluorescently-labelled proteins within cultured thick or chromogenically-stained proteins within thin sections of brain *** follows from our examination of the utility of Fiji Image J thresholding and binarization *** how we identified the maximum intensity projection as the best of six tested for two dimensional（2 d）-rendering of three-dimensional（3 d） images derived from a series of z-stacked micrographs,the review summarises our comparison of 16 global and 9 local algorithms for their ability to accurately quantify the expression of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,microglial ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1（IBA1） and oligodendrocyte lineage Olig2 within fixed cultured rat hippocampal brain *** application of these algorithms to chromogenically-stained GFAP and IBA1 within thin tissue sections,is also ***’s Bio Voxxel plugin allowed categorisation of algorithms according to their sensitivity,specificity accuracy and relative *** Percentile algorithm was deemed best for quantifying levels of GFAP,the Li algorithm was best when quantifying IBA expression,while the Otsu algorithm was optimum for Olig2 staining,albeit with over-quantification of oligodendrocyte number when compared to a stereological ***,GFAP and IBA expression in 3,3′-diaminobenzidine（dAB）/haematoxylin-stained cerebellar tissue was best quantified with default,Isodata and Moments *** workflow presented in Figure 1 could help to improve the quality of research outcomes that are based on the quantification of protein with brain tissue.

关键词： organotypic brain slice culture glial cell quantification thresholding algorithms Fiji Image J Bio Voxxel plug-in stereology