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Can Quick release Experiments reveal the Muscle Structure？ A Bionic Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第2期9卷 211-223页

作者： D. F. B. Haeufle M. Gunther r. Blickhan S. Schmitt Institute of Sports and Exercise-Science University of Stuttgart Allmandring 28 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Stuttgart research Centre for Simulation Technology （SrC SimTech） University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 7a D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Motion Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Seidelstraβe 20 D-07749 Jena Germany

The goal of this study was to understand the macroscopic mechanical structure and function of biological muscle with respect to its dynamic role in the contraction. A recently published muscle model, deriving the hyperbolic force-velocity relation from first-order mechanical principles, predicts different force-velocity operating points for different load situations. With a new approach, this model could be simplified and thus, transferred into a numerical simulation and a hardware experiment. Two types of quick release experiments were performed in simulation and with the hardware setup, which represent two extreme cases of the contraction dynamics： against a constant force （isotonic） and against an inertial mass. Both experiments revealed hyperbolic or hyperbolic-like force-velocity relations. Interestingly, the analytical model not only predicts these extreme cases, but also additionally all contraction states in between. It was possible to validate these predictions with the numerical model and the hardware experiment. These results prove that the origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation can be mechanically explained on a macroscopic level by the dynamical interaction of three mechanical elements. The implications for the interpretation of biological muscle experiments and the realization of muscle-like bionic actuators are discussed.

关键词： force-velocity relation isotonic quick release proof of concept artificial muscle

Multisensor Data Fusion for High Quality Data Analysis and Processing in Measurement and Instrumentation

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第1期4卷 53-62页

作者： Yan-bo Huang Yu-bin Lan W. C. Hoffmann r. E. Lacey USDA ArS Agricultural Engineer Areawide Pest Management Research Unit Texas 77845 USA Biological and A g ricultural Engineering Department Texas A ＆M University Texas 77843-2117 USA

Multisensor data fusion （MDF） is an emerging technology to fuse data from multiple sensors in order to make a more accurate estimation of the environment through measurement and detection. Applications of MDF cross a wide spectrum in military and civilian areas. With the rapid evolution of computers and the proliferation of micro-mechanical/electrical systems sensors, the utilization of MDF is being popularized in research and applications. This paper focuses on application of MDF for high quality data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation. A practical, general data fusion scheme was established on the basis of feature extraction and merge of data from multiple sensors. This scheme integrates artificial neural networks for high performance pattern recognition. A number of successful applications in areas of NDI （Non-Destructive Inspection） corrosion detection, food quality and safety characterization, and precision agriculture are described and discussed in order to motivate new applications in these or other areas. This paper gives an overall picture of using the MDF method to increase the accuracy of data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation in different areas of applications.

关键词： multisensor data fusion artificial neural networks NDI food quality and safety characterization precision agriculture

Fatigue behavior of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy under fully reversed cyclic deformation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 334-340页

作者： Y.Z.Tian S.J.Sun H.r.Lin Z.F.Zhang Materials Fatigue and Fracture Division Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

Bulk ultrafine-grained(UFG) CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy(HEA) with fully recrystallized microstructure was processed by cold rolling and annealing treatment. The high-cycle fatigue behaviors of the UFG HEA and a coarse-grained(CG) counterpart were investigated under fully reversed cyclic *** fatigue strength of the UFG HEA can be significantly enhanced by refining the grain size. However,no grain coarsening was observed in the UFG HEA during fatigue tests. Mechanisms for the superior mechanical properties of the UFG HEA were explored.

关键词： High-entropy alloy(HEA) Ultrafine-grain(UFG) High-cycle fatigue recrystallization Grain size Fatigue strength

A comprehensive review of pre-lithiation/sodiation additives for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 479-494,I0012页

作者： Pranav Kulkarni Hyunyoung Jung Debasis Ghosh Mohammed Jalalah Mabkhoot Alsaiari Farid A.Harraz r.Geetha Balakrishna Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain Global CampusJain UniversityKanakapuraBangalore 562112KarnatakaIndia Department of Energy Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju-siCyeongnam 52725South Korea Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices(PCSED) Advanced Materials and Nano-Research CentreNajran UniversityNajran 11001Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran 11001Saudi Arabia Empty Quarter Unit Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and Arts at SharurahNajran UniversityNajran 11001Saudi Arabia Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute(CMRDI)HelwanCairo 11421Egypt

Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle *** of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle ***,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle ***-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial *** strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing *** to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing *** this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion *** review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial *** most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.

关键词： Pre-lithiation/sodiation additives Solid electrolyte interphase Anode pre-lithiation/sodiation additives Cathode pre-lithiation/sodiation additives Coulombic efficiency

Numerical simulation of self-similar thermal convection from a spinning cone in anisotropic porous medium

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第2期28卷 184-194页

作者： O. Anwar BEG M. J. UDDIN T. BEG r. reddy GOrLA Spray research Group Petroleum and Gas Engineering Division Room G77 Newton Building School of Computing Science and Engineering (CSE) University of Salford M54WT UK Department of Mathematics American International University-Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Engineering Mechanics Associates Dickenson Road Manchester M 16 England UK Department Mechanical Engineering Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio USA

Self-similar steady natural convection thermal boundary layer flow from a rotating vertical cone to anisotropic Darcian porous medium is investigated theoretically and numerically. The transformed non-dimensional two-point boundary value problem is reduced to a system of coupled, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved subject to robust surface and free stream boundary conditions with the MAPLE 17 numerical quadrature software. Validation with earlier non-rotating studies is included, and also further verification of rotating solutions is achieved with a variational finite element method （FEM）. The rotational （spin） parameter emerges as an inverse function of the Grashof number. The influence of this parameter, primary Darey number, secondary Darcy number and Prandtl number on tangential velocity and swirl velocity, temperature and heat transfer rate are studied in detail. It is found that the dimensionless tangential velocity increases whilst the dimensionless swirl velocity and temperature decrease with the swirl Darcy number, tangential Darcy number and the rotational parameters. The model finds applications in chemical engineering filtration processing, liquid coating and spinning cone distillation columns.

关键词： self-similarity spinning cone finite element method (FEM) anisotropic porous medium heat transfer MAPLE FEM

Synthesis of α-Mo_2C by Carburization of α-MoO_3 Nanowires and Its Electrocatalytic Activity towards Tri-iodide reduction for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第12期32卷 1339-1344页

作者： J.Theerthagiri r.A.Senthil M.H.Buraidah J.Madhavan A.K.Arof Solar Energy Lab Department of ChemistryThiruvalluvar University Centre for Ionics University of Malaya Department of PhysicsUniversity of Malaya

Nanowire-shaped α-Mo O3 was synthesized on a large scale by hydrothermal *** α-Mo2 C phase was obtained by the carburization of α-Mo O3 nanowires with urea as a carbon source *** phase purity and crystalline size of the synthesized materials were ascertained by using powder X-ray *** shape and morphology of synthesized materials were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy（Hr-TEM）.The electrocatalytic activity of α-Mo2 C for I-/I3^-redox couple was investigated by the cyclic *** synthesized α-Mo2 C was subsequently applied as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells to replace the expensive platinum.

关键词： Counter electrode Dye-sensitized solar cells Electrocatalytic activity Molybdenum carbide Molybdenum oxide

Environmental factors regulating cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in a subtropical lake within the Taihu watershed,China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第4期13卷 311-322页

作者： Wan-min NI Jian-ying ZHANG Teng-da DING r.Jan STEVENSON Yin-mei ZHU Institute of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058China Center for Water Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingM148824.USA

Understanding the pattern ofphytoplankton and their dependence on water quality variables, can help the management of eutrophic lakes. The aim of this study was to determine water quality and environmental factors associated with cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in Qingshan Lake, a subtropical lake located in the headwater of the Taihu watershed, China. Water samples collected monthly from 10 study sites in Qingshan Lake were analyzed for the species distributions of freshwater algae and physico-chemical parameters including total nitrogen （TN）, ammonia （NH4＋-N）, nitrate （NO3--N）, total phosphorus （TP）, and chlorophyll a （Chl-a） from June, 2008 to May, 2009. Qingshan Lake was found to be eutrophic, based on the calculated trophic state index （TSI）. The average TN of 4.33 mg/L during the study period exceeded the Surface Water Quality Standards of China. TP was significantly correlated with relative abundance of cyanobacteria and Microeystis biovolume, indi- cating its important role in regulating cyanobacteria. Microcystis, Anabaena, and Oscillatoria were dominant cyanobacteria in Qingshan Lake from June to November, 2008. Cyanobacteria dominance was regulated by water temperature and TE Principal component analysis further indicated that microcystin production was most affected by water temperature, TP, and cyanobacteria biomass. results suggest that the control of TP in summer can mitigate cyanobacteria dominance and microcystin production in Qingshan Lake, and close monitoring should be undertaken in summer.

关键词： cyanobacteria Microcystins Eutrophication Water quality Taihu watershed

Influence of Sputtering Gas on Morphological and Optical Properties of Magnesium Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第1期27卷 51-58页

作者： Yogendra K.Gautam Amit K.Chawla Vipin Chawla r.D.Agrawal ramesh Chandra Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Nano Science Laboratory Institute Instrumentation CentreIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee

The influence of sputtering gas（He Ar） on the structural properties of Mg thin films has been *** optical property（reflectance） that results from the growth of films at varying substrate temperatures（Tsub） was also *** deposited films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction（XrD）,field emission scaning electron microscopy（FE-SEM）,atomic force microscopy（AFM） and UV-Vis-NIr *** smaller crystallite size and lower deposition rate were observed in the presence of Helium atmosphere compared to *** of the films shows 2D hexagonal geometry of grains in the deposition temperature range（Tsub≈50-150℃） in both the sputtering *** surface roughness of the polycrystalline films were found to increase with increase in the deposition temperature of both ambient *** reflectance of Mg films was measured in near infrared region and larger reflectance was observed from Mg films sputtered in He atmosphere compared to that in argon.

关键词： X-ray diffraction(XrD) Atomic force microscopy(AFM) reflectance Mg films Microstructure

Influence of cryogenic treatment on the wear characteristics of 100Cr6 bearing steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第1期21卷 46-51页

作者： r.Sri Siva D.Mohan Lal P.Kesavan Nair M.Arockia Jaswin Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna University Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Mechanical Engineering Aksheyaa College of Engineering

A series of reciprocating wear tests were performed on the deep cryogenically treated and conventionally heat-treated samples of 100Cr6 bearing steel to study the wear resistance. The worn surfaces as well as the wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The improvement in wear resistance of the deep cryogenically treated samples ranges from 49% to 52%. This significant improvement in wear resistance can be attributed to finer carbide precipitation in the tempered martensitie matrix and the transformation of retained aus- tenite into martensite. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the volume fraction of retained austenite in the conventionally heat-treated samples is 14% and that of the deep cryogenically treated samples is only 3%.

关键词： bearing steel cryogenic treatment wear resistance carbides martensite