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Effects of finite water depth and lateral confinement on ships wakes and resistance

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第3期32卷 582-590页

作者： Clément Caplier Germain rousseaux Damien Calluaud Laurent David Institut Pprime-CNrS University of PoitiersISAE-ENSMAChasseneuilFrance

Wash waves produced by ships disintegrate river banks and coastal lines. This phenomenon of bank erosion is mainly due to the height of the waves. Various factors govern the formation of these waves and their amplitudes: the geometry of the water channel, the shape and the speed of the boat, etc.. These factors play an important role on the wave generation, in addition on the resistance of the ship and so on its fuel consumption. Whether to study the impact of wash waves on the ship's environment or its resistance, the analysis of the generated wake is essential. Hence a fine characterization of the wave field is necessary. This study proposes a comparison of wakes generated by two generic ships based on a Wigley hull with block coefficients 0.67 and 0.89 respectively representative of maritime and fluvial ships. The wakes generated in deep water and confined water configurations have been measured for different Froude numbers by a non-intrusive optical stereo-correlation method, giving access to a detailed and complete definition of the generated wave fields. The resistance of the ship hulls has been measured in deep and confined water configurations with a hydrodynamic balance. The results permit one to study the influence of both hull and water channel geometries on the ship wake, on the amplitude of the far-field generated waves and on the near-field hydrodynamic response. Moreover, resistance curves are obtained for both configurations and highlight the effect of both hull and water channel geometries on the resistance coefficient of the ship. A comparison of the resistance curves with or without the ship trim is conducted and shows the influence of the trim on the resistance coefficient in the different ship speed regimes.

关键词： Ship wakes wash waves confined water ship resistance

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Vanillin Based Polymers:***(hydrovanilloin-furfural)and Poly(hydrovanilloin-5-hydroxymethylfurfural)

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Journal of renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1495-1506页

作者： Ananda S.Amarasekara Gabriel Murillo Morales raghava r.Kommalapati Department of Chemistry Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Center for Energy&Environmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA

renewable resources based polymers provides a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived polymeric *** a part of our series on synthesis of vanillin based renewable polymers,we report the synthesis of poly(hydrovanilloin-furfural)[poly(HVL-Fur)]and poly(hydrovanilloin–5-hydromethylfurfural)[poly(HVL-5-HMF)].Vanillin was dimerized to a mixtures of meso/DL-hydrovanilloins with 94%meso product by electrochemical reductive coupling in aqueous sodium hydroxide using lead electrodes in quantitative *** sodium hydroxide catalyzed condensation of hydrovanilloin with furfural in water at 80℃for 72 h was used to synthesize poly(HVL-Fur)with Mw=8600 g mol^(−1),PDI=1.28 in 78%***,condensation of hydrovanilloin with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at 80℃for 48 h produced poly(HVL-5-HMF)with Mw=12,100 g mol−1,PDI=1.27 in 68%***(HVL-Fur)and poly(HVL-5-HMF)showed similar Tg values of 59℃and 60℃,respectively;whereas melting behaviors are dissimilar with Tm 171℃–173℃and 148℃–182℃,respectively.

关键词： Vanillin hydrovanilloin furfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural renewable polymers

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Effects of high glucose and severe hypoxia on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells at various passages

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第4期16卷 434-443页

作者： Fatimah Almahasneh Ejlal Abu-El-rub ramada r Khasawneh rawan Almazari Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of MedicineYarmouk UniversityIrbid 21163Jordan

BACKGrOUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been extensively studied for therapeutic potential,due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory *** passage and stress factors may affect the biological characteristics of MSCs,but the details of these effects have not been recognized *** To investigate the effects of stress factors(high glucose and severe hypoxia)on the biological characteristics of MSCs at different passages,in order to optimize the therapeutic applications of *** In this study,we investigated the impact of two stress conditions;severe hypoxia and high glucose on human adipose-tissue derived MSCs(hAD-MSCs)at passages 6(P6),P8,and ***,senescence and apoptosis were evaluated measuring WST-1,senescence-associated beta-galactosidase,and annexin V,*** Cells at P6 showed decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis under conditions of high glucose and hypoxia compared to control,while the extent of senescence did not change significantly under stress *** P8 hAD-MSCs cultured in stress conditions had a significant decrease in proliferation and apoptosis and a significant increase in senescence compared to counterpart cells at *** cultured in high glucose at P10 had lower proliferation and higher senescence than their counterparts in the previous passage,while no change in apoptosis was *** the other hand,MSCs cultured under hypoxia showed decreased senescence,increased apoptosis and no significant change in proliferation when compared to the same conditions at *** These results indicate that stress factors had distinct effects on the biological processes of MSCs at different passages,and suggest that senescence may be a protective mechanism for MSCs to survive under stress conditions at higher passage numbers.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells High glucose Hypoxia Stressful microenvironment Serial passage Senescence Apoptosis

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review of Moirésuperconductivity and application of the roeser-Huber formula

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： Michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting *** of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the *** all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)*** differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled *** collected information is then used to apply the roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic *** account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSuperconductors Twisted bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Superconducting transition temperature roeser‐Huber formalism

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Mo_(2)P Monolayer as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Urea Synthesis from Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Fixation:A Computational Study

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 207-214页

作者： Dongxu Jiao Zhongxu Wang Yuejie Liu Qinghai Cai Jingxiang Zhao Carlos r.Cabrera Zhongfang Chen College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Modern Experiment Center Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold region Ecological Safety Harbin 150025China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968USA Department of Chemistry University of Puerto RicoRio Piedras CampusSan JuanPuerto Rico 00931USA

Urea synthesis through the simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction of N_(2)and CO_(2)molecules under ambient conditions holds great promises as a sustainable alternative to its industrial production,in which the development of stable,highly efficient,and highly selective catalysts to boost the chemisorption,activation,and coupling of inert N_(2)and CO_(2)molecules remains rather ***,by means of density functional theory computations,we proposed a new class of two-dimensional nanomaterials,namely,transition-metal phosphide monolayers(TM_(2)P,TM=Ti,Fe,Zr,Mo,and W),as the potential electrocatalysts for urea *** results showed that these TM_(2)P materials exhibit outstanding stability and excellent metallic ***,the Mo_(2)P monolayer was screened out as the best catalyst for urea synthesis due to its small kinetic energy barrier(0.35 eV)for C-N coupling,low limiting potential(-0.39 V),and significant suppressing effects on the competing side *** outstanding catalytic activity of the Mo_(2)P monolayer can be ascribed to its optimal adsorption strength with the key^(*)NCON species due to its moderate positive charges on the Mo active *** findings not only propose a novel catalyst with high-efficiency and high-selectivity for urea production but also further widen the potential applications of metal phosphides in electrocatalysis.

关键词： C-N coupling density functional theory Mo_(2)P monolayer urea synthesis

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real-world clinical efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3929-3931页

作者： Sara r Lopes Claudio Martins Madalena Teixeira David Tomás Department of Gastroenterology Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São BernardoSetúbal 2910-446Portugal

Tofacitinib is an oral small-molecule Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor that preferentially inhibits JAK1 and *** efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis(UC)as well as its safety profile has been demonstrated in multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled ***,real-world studies evaluating the effectiveness and adverse effects of tofacitinib have been conducted,affirming its clinical efficacy in moderate-to-severe UC.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Tofacitinib real-world studies Inflammatory bowel disease Janus kinase inhibitor

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Blockchain privacy and regulatory compliance:Towards a practical equilibrium

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Blockchain(research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Vitalik Buterin Jacob Illum Matthias Nadler Fabian Schär Ameen Soleimani Ethereum Foundation Switzerland Chainalysis United States of America University of Basel Switzerland Privacy Pools United States of America

We study Privacy Pools,a novel smart contract-based privacy-enhancing *** protocol introduces a mechanism for users to reveal certain properties of their transaction without having to reveal the transaction *** core concept involves allowing users to publish a zero-knowledge proof,demonstrating that their funds(do not)originate from known(un-)lawful sources,without publicly revealing their entire transaction *** is achieved by proving membership in custom association sets,which are designed to demonstrate compliance with regulatory frameworks or social *** illustrate how this mechanism can create a separating equilibrium between compliant and non-compliant *** work describes the technical underpinnings,incentives,and broader implications of this mechanism,highlighting how Privacy Pools-like protocols can create more private yet compliant blockchain transactions.

关键词： Blockchain Privacy regulation Smart contracts Zero-knowledge proofs

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reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 823-832页

作者： Spencer P Lake Corey r Deeken Amit K Agarwal Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130United States Covalent Bio LLCSt.LouisMO 63025United States Department of Surgery McGovern Medical School at UTHealthHoustonTX 77026United States

BACKGrOUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy *** use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia *** meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated *** tissue matrices(r-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic *** date,rTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma *** Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or *** hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,rTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPr)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical ***-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 *** recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy *** endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital *** complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula *** The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,rTMs(OviTex®LPr:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh *** 1-mo

关键词： reinforced tissue matrix reinforced forestomach matrix Ileostomy Colostomy Ostomy takedown Incisional hernia Abdominal wall

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Fundamental Understanding on Selenium Electrochemistry:From Electrolytic Cell to Advanced Energy Storage

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 236-256页

作者： Jiguo Tu Cheng Chang Jingxiu Wang Haiping Lei r.Vasant Kumar Mingyong Wang Shuqiang Jiao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Selenium(Se),as an important quasi-metal element,has attracted much attention in the fields of thin-film solar cells,electrocatalysts and energy storage applications,due to its unique physical and chemical ***,the electrochemical behavior of Se in different systems from electrolytic cell to battery are complex and not fully *** this article,we focus on the electrochemical processes of Se in aqueous solutions,molten salts and ionic liquid electrolytes,as well as the application of Se-containing materials in energy ***,the electrochemical behaviors of Se-containing species in different systems are comprehensively summarized to understand the complexity of the kinetic processes and guide the Se ***,the relationship between the deposition conditions and resulting structure and morphology of electrodeposited Se is discussed,so as to regulate the morphology and composition of the ***,the advanced energy storage applications of Se in thin-film solar cells and secondary batteries are reviewed,and the electrochemical reaction processes of Se are systematically comprehended in monovalent and multivalent metal-ion *** on understanding the fundamental electrochemistry mechanism,the future development directions of Se-containing materials are considered in view of the in-depth review of reaction kinetics and energy storage applications.

关键词： electrochemical behaviors electrodeposition electrolytes energy storage selenium

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Utilization of Pyrrolic Compounds as Indicators of Secondary Migration for Woodford Oils in the Anadarko Basin,Oklahoma,USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1499-1512页

作者： Mu Liu r.Paul Philp Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Geosciences University of OklahomaNorman 73109United States

Migration pathways and distances of the oils in reservoir are thought to affect the distribution of pyrrolic compounds such as carbazole,its alkyl derivatives(alkylated carbazoles)and benzocarbazoles,although other factors,including maturity and depositional environments may also affect the distribution of these organic nitrogen *** this study,14 oil samples produced from conventional reservoirs in Pauls Valley,south Oklahoma were investigated using organic geochemical *** sterane and hopane fingerprints suggest that most of the oils were sourced from the Devonian Woodford *** parameters consistently indicate that the maturity level of the studied samples are all of similar maturity(rc=~0.7%),suggesting the distribution of the organic nitrogen organic compounds is possibly reflecting variations in relative migration *** distribution of alkylcarbazoles revealed a preferential enrichment during migration,with the nitrogen-shielded alkylcarbazole tending to be enriched relative to the nitrogen-semi-shielded alkylcarbozoles particularly in oils produced close to the Arbuckle uplift to the ***,another family of pyrrolic compounds,benzocarbazoles,whose distributions also indicated that the Pauls Valley Woodford oils came from deeper part of the Anadarko Basin as the benzo-[a]/([a]+[c])-carbazole ratios decrease *** more specific migration systems,although the pyrrolic compound indicators are potentially disturbed by the structural complexes,the general migration directions suggest that the studied oils in Pauls Valley Hunton uplift were sourced from the deep basin area,and migrate upwards in porous sediments due to the *** study investigates the feasibility of using pyrrolic compounds to estimate relative migration distances and will aid in the interpretation of migration history by using the distribution of carbazole,alkylated carbazoles,benzocarbazoles isomers in the Anadarko and Ardmore Basin

关键词： carbazole migration oil Oklahoma biomarker organic geochemistry

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