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Is quantum capacitance in graphene a potential hurdle for device scaling？

Nano Research 2014年第4期7卷 453-461页

作者： Jaeho Lee hyun-Jong Chung David h. Seo Jaehong Lee hyungcheol Shin Sunae Seo Seongjun Park Sungwoo hwang Kinam Kim Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Samsung Electronics Yongin-Si Gyeonggi-Do 446-712 Korea Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC) School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea Division of Quantum Phases and Devices Department of Physics Konkuk University Seou1143-701 Korea Semiconductor R&D Center Somsung Electronics Hwasung-City Gyeonggi-Do 446-711 Korea Department of Physics Sejong University Seou1143-74 7 Korea Memory Division Samsung Electronics Hwasung-City Gyeonggi-Do 446-711 Korea

Transistor size is constantly being reduced to improve performance as well as power consumption. For the channel length to be reduced, the corresponding gate dielectric thickness should also be reduced. Unfortunately, graphene devices are more complicated due to an extra capacitance called quantum capacitance （CQ） which limits the effective gate dielectric reduction. In this work, we analyzed the effect of CQ on device-scaling issues by extracting it from scaling of the channel length of devices. In contrast to previous reports for metal-insulator- metal structures, a practical device structure was used in conjunction with direct radio-frequency field-effect transistor measurements to describe the graphene channels. In order to precisely extract device parameters, we reassessed the equivalent circuit, and concluded that the on-state model should in fact be used. By careful consideration of the underlap region, our device modeling was shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. CQ contributions to equivalent oxide thickness were analyzed in detail for varying impurity concentrations in graphene. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that despite contributions from CQ, graphene＇s high mobility and low-voltage operation allows for ~raphene channels suitable for next generation transistors.

关键词： graphene equivalent circuit quantum capacitance intrinsic delay

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gscaLCA in R: Fitting Fuzzy Clustering Analysis Incorporated with Generalized Structured Component Analysis

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第9期132卷 801-822页

作者： Ji hoon Ryoo Seohee Park Seongeun Kim heungsun hwang Department of Education College of Educational SciencesYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea Psychometrics Department American Board of Internal MedicinePhiladelphia19016USA Department of Educational Research Methodology School of EducationUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro27412USA Department of Psychology McGill UniversityMontrealH3A 0G4Canada

Clustering analysis identifying unknown heterogenous subgroups of a population(or a sample)has become increasingly popular along with the popularity of machine learning *** there are many software packages running clustering analysis,there is a lack of packages conducting clustering analysis within a structural equation modeling *** package,gscaLCA which is implemented in the R statistical computing environment,was developed for conducting clustering analysis and has been extended to a latent variable *** specifically,by applying both fuzzy clustering(FC)algorithm and generalized structured component analysis(GSCA),the package gscaLCA computes membership prevalence and item response probabilities as posterior probabilities,which is applicable in mixture modeling such as latent class analysis in *** a hybrid model between data clustering in classifications and model-based mixture modeling approach,fuzzy clusterwise GSCA,denoted as gscaLCA,encompasses many advantages from both methods:(1)soft partitioning from FC and(2)efficiency in estimating model parameters with bootstrap method via resolution of global optimization problem from *** main function,gscaLCA,works for both binary and ordered categorical *** addition,gscaLCA can be used for latent class regression as *** of profiles of latent classes based on the posterior probabilities is also available in the package *** paper contributes to providing a methodological tool,gscaLCA that applied researchers such as social scientists and medical researchers can apply clustering analysis in their research.

关键词： Fuzzy clustering generalized structured component analysis gscaLCA latent class analysis

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Functional Limit Theorems for d-dimensional FBM in h lder Norm

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2006年第6期22卷 1767-1780页

作者： Zheng Yan LIN Wen Sheng WANG Kyo Shin hwang Department of Mathematics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China Department of Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Department of Mathematics Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 Korea

In this paper, we obtain functional limit theorems for d-dimensional FBM in hSlder norm via estimating large deviation probabilities for d-dimensional FBM in hSlder norm.

关键词： large deviation probability holder norm functional limit theorem d-dimensional fractional Brownian motion Gaussian random vector

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Electrochemical behavior of Nd in its pyrometallurgical recovery from waste magnet

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Rare Metals 2015年第2期34卷 111-117页

作者： hong-Youl Ryu Jong-hyeon Lee Wan-Gou Kim hayk h.Nersisyan Go-Gi Lee Sung-Koo Jo huk-hee Lee Il-Soon hwang Graduate School of Green Energy Technology Chungnam National University Department of Nano Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Rapidly Solidified Materials Research Institute Chungnam National University Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology School of Energy Systems Engineering Seoul National University

high-purity Nd metal was recovered from waste Nd–Fe–B magnet by the molten salt electrowinning process with chemical pretreatment. X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, cyclic voltammetry（CV）,chronopotentiometry（CP）, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer（ICP/AES） were used to characterize the deposit and electrochemical behaviors. The results show that NdF_3 is effectively synthesized from the Nd–Fe–B magnet using hCl solution and Nh4F. During the chemical treatment of the waste magnet,iron impurity is eliminated as a soluble [Nh4]3[FeF6]complex. Electrowinning using NdF_3 in LiF molten salt shows that Nd metal is deposited from the electrolyte onthe cathode at the reduction potentials ranging from-1.48to-1.35 V（vs. W） with the concentration change of NdF_*** final purity of Nd metal deposit is higher than99.78 %.

关键词： Electrowinning Neodymium Nd-Fe-Bmagnet Rare earth recycling

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Capillary-force-induced collapse lithography for controlled plasmonic nanogap structures

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 404-412页

作者： Inki Kim Jungho Mun Wooseup hwang Younghwan Yang Junsuk Rho Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea National Institute of Nanomaterials and Technology(NINT) Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

The capillary force effect is one of the most important fabrication parameters that must be considered at the micro/nanoscale because it is strong enough to deform micro/***,the deformation of micro/nanostructures due to such capillary forces(e.g.,stiction and collapse)has been regarded as an undesirable and uncontrollable obstacle to be avoided during ***,we present a capillary-force-induced collapse lithography(CCL)technique,which exploits the capillary force to precisely control the collapse of micro/*** uses electron-beam lithography,so nanopillars with various shapes can be fabricated by precisely controlling the capillary-force-dominant cohesion process and the nanopillar-geometry-dominant collapse process by adjusting the fabrication parameters such as the development time,electron dose,and shape of the *** aims to achieve sub-10-nm plasmonic nanogap structures that promote extremely strong focusing of *** is a simple and straightforward method to realize such nanogap structures that are needed for further research such as on plasmonic nanosensors.

关键词： capillary structures collapse

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Characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第5期8卷 398-404页

作者： Kamini Shah Bryan F Curtin Christopher Chu Daniel hwang Mark h Flasar Erik von Rosenvinge Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Digestive Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gastro-enterology and hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine and VA Maryland Health Care System

AIM To evaluate factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and outcomes of CDI in the myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) *** After IRB approval,all MDS/AML patients hospitalized at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center between August 2011 and December 2013 were *** charts were reviewed for demographics,clinical information,development of CDI,complications of CDI,and *** with CDI,defined as having a positive stool PCR done for clinical suspicion of CDI,were compared to those without CDI in order to identify predictors of disease.A t-test was used for comparison of continuous variables and chisquare or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables,as *** Two hundred and twenty-three patients (60.1% male,mean age 61.3 years,13% MDS,87% AML) had 594 unique hospitalizations during the study *** patients (15.2%) were diagnosed with *** significantly associated with CDI included lower albumin at time of hospitalization (P hemotherapy (P = 0.015),total days of neutropenia (P = 0.014),and total days of hospitalization (P = 0.005).Gender (P = 0.10),age (P = 0.77),proton-pump inhibitor use (P = 0.73),receipt of antibiotics (P = 0.66),and receipt of DNA hypomethylating agent-based chemotherapy (P = 0.92) were not significantly associated with *** CDI is common in the MDS/AML *** significantly associated with CDI in this population include low albumin,prior CDI,use of cytarabine-based chemotherapy,and prolonged *** this study,we have identified a subset of patients in which prophylaxis studies could be targeted.

关键词： Clostridium difficile Acute myeloid leukemia Cytarabine-based chemotherapy Myelodysplastic syndrome Neutropenia

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Reactive wetting behaviors of Sn/Cu systems: A molecular dynamics study

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Nano-Micro Letters 2010年第2期2卷 60-67页

作者： J.Y.hsieh J.L.Chen C.Chen h.C.Lin S.S.Yang C.C.hwang Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Hsin University of Science and Technology Institute of Precision Mechatronic Engineering Ming Hsin University of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Wu Feng Institute of Technology Department of Information Management Meiho Institute of Technology Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University

Influences of temperature and Sn-Cu droplet's composition on reactive wettings of Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) surfaces were analyzed, by using molecular dynamics(MD) calculations. As a result, the spreading on Cu(110)(Cu(100)) has the fastest(slowest) wetting kinetics. A higher temperature or a diluter Cu content in the Sn-Cu alloy droplet results in a higher wettability. Moreover, this work has addressed a theory for positioning the interface separating the liquidus and solidus alloys in the spreading film to confirm the hypothesis that the reactive wetting will come to the end when the interface saturates with the temperature-dependent solidus weight fraction of Cu.

关键词： Wetting Surface alloying Molecular dynamics Droplet

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Relationship of multidrug-resistant gene and extended-spectrum carbapenem-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

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BIOCELL 2019年第4期43卷 263-269页

作者： YUAN LI YONGhYUN LEE YIELhEA SEO YOUJIN hwang Department of Life Science College of Bio-nano TechnologyGachon UniversityIncheon21936Korea Department of health Sciences and Technology GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine Gil HospitalGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and extended-spectrum,carbapenem-resistance genes.A total of 109 clinical Staphilococcus aureus strains were subjected to 19 antimicrobial susceptibility *** to methicillin(mecA),penicillin(blaTEM),and tetracycline(tetM)was *** compared the presence of the blaTEM genes with extended-spectrum,carbapenem-related genes and identified the types of SCCmec *** 109 clinical *** strains,62(56.88%)had methicillin resistance and 60 strains carried *** prevalence of blaTEM and tetM genes was 81.65%and 37.61%,*** most predominant SCCmec type was SCCmec type Ⅱ 28/60(46.67%),in 60 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant ***(MRSA)*** SCCmec prevalence rates were type ⅣA 30.00%(18/60),type Ⅳb 8.33%(5/60),type Ⅳd 6.67%(4/60),and non-typable 8.33%(5/60).Sixty of the 109(55.05%)MRSA isolates were positive for extended-spectrum carbapenems(31/60)(51.67%),cephalosporins 40/60(66.67%)and carbapenems 31/60(51.67%).The predominant SCCmec type II demonstrated more carbapenem-resistance than the ⅣA,Ⅳb and Ⅳd types.

关键词： MRSA BlaTEM BlaNDM CCmec typeⅡ Type IVA Extended-spectrum carbapenems

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Tribological properties of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2007年第2期14卷 167-172页

作者： Shu-hue hsieh Shen-Jenn hwang Ting-Kan Tsai Wen-Jauh Chen Department of Materials Science and Engineering Formosa UniversityHuwei China Taipei Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Formosa UniversityHuwei China Taipei Department of Materials Engineering Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyPingtung China Taipei

Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were prepared under a given bath composition and operation parameters of electroless plating. The tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings after annealing at 400°C for 1 h were tested in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication condition using a two-roller tribometer. The measurement contained friction coefficient, contact surface temperature, contact electrical resistance, and wear rate of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings under various slide to roll ratios, loads, and rolling speeds. For the simultaneous examination of the effect of the chosen parameters on the tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, an orthogonal regression experimental design method was used.

关键词： Ni-P-SiC composite coating rolling-sliding friction wear two-roller test

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Comparative fish community structure among different types of enclosures of estuarine environments

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第3期7卷 336-344页

作者： Sunwan hwang Keun-hyung Choi Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit KIOSTBusan49111Republic of Korea Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences Chung-Nam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea

This study explores the differences of fish assemblages in three macrotidal estuaries of Man-gyeong River Estuary(MRE),Geum River Estuary(GRE),and han River Esturay(hRE)with similar ranges of seasonal water temperature that are diked with different levels of disconnection from freshwater *** distribution of major species in the three estuaries could generally be grouped into three distinctive patterns based on their cumulative distribution with respect to the salinity *** MRE was geographically closer to the GRE than to the hRE,but the fish community of the MRE more closely resembled that of the *** freshness of the water inside the dike and the limit of coastal fish to the river may have led to this *** results provide clues to how enclosure patterns of estuarine waters could affect fish communities over a long-term *** addition,the information may provide guidance for how a fish community may return once environmental conditions are restored.

关键词： Fish community Diking Cumulative distribution Estuary habitat connectivity

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