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Dominating expression of negative regulatory factors downmodulates major histocompatibility complex Class-Ⅱexpression on dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第22期22卷 5173-5182页

作者： Shallu Tomer Yogesh k Chawla Ajay Duseja sunil k arora Department of Immunopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 ***: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time ***: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAk-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral ***: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.

关键词： Dendritic cells Hepatitis C Non-responders Negative regulators Major histocompatibility complex Class-Ⅱ genes

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Dendritic cells: The warriors upfront-turned defunct in chronic hepatitis C infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第19期7卷 2202-2208页

作者： Meenakshi Sachdeva Yogesh k Chawla sunil k arora Department of Immuno-pathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Hepatology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection causes tremendousmorbidity and mortality with over 170 million people infected worldwide. HCV gives rise to a sustained, chronic disease in the majority of infected individuals owing to a failure of the host immune system to clear the virus. In general, an adequate immune response is elicited by an efficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells(DCs), the cells that connect innate and adaptive immune system to generate a specific immune response against a pathogen. However, HCV seems to dysregulate the activity of DCs, making them less proficient antigen presenting cells for the optimal stimulation of virusspecific T cells, hence interfering with an optimal antiviral immune response. There are discordant reports on the functional status of DCs in chronic HCV infection(CHC), from no phenotypic or functional defects to abnormal functions of DCs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms behind the impairment of DC function are even so not completely elucidated during CHC. Understanding the mechanisms of immune dysfunction would help in devising strategies for better management of the disease at the immunological level and help to predict the prognosis of the disease in the patients receiving antiviral therapy. In this review, we have discussed the outcomes of the interaction of DCs with HCV and the mechanisms of DC impairment during HCV infection with its adverse effects on the immune response in the infected host.

关键词： Dendritic cells Hepatitis C Mechanism of functiona

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Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第17期7卷 2080-2090页

作者： Meenakshi Sachdeva Yogesh k Chawla sunil k arora Department of Immuno- pathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system(including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells(e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune cells Immune-dysregulation Adaptive immunity Innateimmunity

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Investigation of coupled cobalt-silver nanoparticle system by plan view TEM

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2012年第3期22卷 186-192页

作者： Daniel Fox Ruggero Verre Brendan J. O'Dowd sunil k. arora Colm C. Faulkner Igor V. Shvets School of Physics and CRANN Trinity College Dublin CRANN Advanced Microscopy Laboratory Trinity College Dublin

We present a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of a coupled cobalt and silver nanoparticle system. A plan view in situ lift-out method for preparing samples for TEM using the focused ion beam (FIB) microscope was used. This technique is used to prepare high quality TEM samples with site specificity in a short time and with a high success rate. We demonstrate the ability of the plan view sample preparation technique to provide information about an ordered system of nanoparticles which could not be observed using standard FIB cross sectioning of the sample. High resolution TEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping of both cross sectional and plan view samples are presented, clearly showing the significant benefit of plan view TEM analysis for certain samples.

关键词： Focused ion beam Transmission electron microscopy Lift-out Co Ag Nanoparticle

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Increased Activity of Nk Cells and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in HIV-Exposed Seronegative (ESN) Individuals

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第1期2卷 6-16页

作者： Anuj Singla Roland Jacobs Reinhold E. Schmidt Ajay Wanchu sunil k. arora Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany Departments of Immunopathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India Internal Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India

The mechanisms involved in resistance to HIV-1 infection, especially the role of innate immune response, have not been thoroughly explored in individuals who are repeatedly exposed to HIV-1, but do not get the infection, termed as Exposed sero-negative or ESN. Frequency and activation state of natural killer (Nk) cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in ESNs from North India were compared with those in recently infected HIV positives (RHIV), chronically infected HIV positives (HIV+) and healthy controls (HC). The activation state of Nk cells in terms of cytokine response (IFNγ & TNFα) was significantly higher in ESNs compared to the healthy controls, recently infected HIV+ and chronically infected HIV+. Although the number of circulating pDC in different study groups was not significantly different, yet these cells seem to have significantly higher activation state in terms of IFNα production (ex-vivo in response to CpG ODN) in ESNs when compared with other groups. Increased activation status of Nk cells and pDC in Exposed but Seronegative individuals indicates their continuous stimulation with HIV antigens due to regular exposure with infected partners and which might be imparting resistance to viral infection in these individuals.

关键词： HIV Exposed Seronegative Innate Immune Responses Nk Cells Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

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Ipsilateral open anterior hip dislocation and open pos- terior elbow dislocation in an adult

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2014年第1期17卷 60-62页

作者： sunil kumar Akhilesh Rathi sunil Sehrawat Vikas Gupta Jatin Talwar Sumit arora Central Institute of Orthopaedics Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Associated Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi 110029 India

Open anterior dislocation of the hip is a very rare injury, especially in adults. It is a hyperabduction, external rotation and extension injury. Its combination with open posterior dislocation of the elbow has not been de- scribed in English language-based medical literature. Pri- mary resuscitation, debridement, urgent reduction of dislocation, and adequate antibiotic support resulted ingood clinical outcome in our patient. At 18 months follow- up, no signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or infection were observed.

关键词： Dislocations Elbow joint Hipdislocation Adult

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Missed posterior shoulder dislocation with malunited proximal humerus fracture

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 375-378页

作者： sunil kumar Rajesh kumar Chopra Abhishek kashyap Sumit arora Central Institute of Orthopaedics Vardhman MahavirMedical College & Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi 110029India

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder may be missed or neglected at initial presentation especially in developing *** present a case of 40-year-old Indian man who had 3-month missed posterior dislocation of the right shoulder along with malunited fracture of the anatomical neck of the *** reduction and stabilization with modified McLaughlin procedure was *** osteotomy of proximal humerus had to be performed as supplementary procedure to keep the humeral head stable in glenoid cavity during functional range of *** patient had excellent result of the shoulder at 3 years follow-up.

关键词： Shoulder dislocation Humerus Os-teotomy

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Polymethylmethacrylate bone cements and additives: A review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期4卷 67-74页

作者： Manit arora Edward kS Chan sunil Gupta Ashish D Diwan St George Clinical School University of New South Wales Kogarah New South Wales 2217 Australia Royal Prince Alfred Clinical School University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2050 Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School University of New South Wales Liverpool New South Wales 2170 Australia Orthopaedics Research Institute and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery St George Hospital Kogarah New South Wales 2217 Australia

Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) bone cement technology has progressed from industrial Plexiglass administration in the 1950 s to the recent advent of nanoparticle additives. Additives have been trialed to address problems with modern bone cements such as the loosening of prosthesis, high post-operative infection rates, and inflammatory reduction in interface integrity. This review aims to assess current additives used in PMMA bone cements and offer an insight regarding future directions for this biomaterial. Low index(k on PMMA bone cements should focus on trialing combinations of these additives as this may enhance favourable properties.

关键词： Polymethylmethacrylate Bone cement Cement nanoparticle Vitamin E additive Arthroplasty Artificial joint fixation Post-operative infection Mechanical weakness Fat additive Antibiotics

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Rare double fracture-dislocation of the thumb： a case report and review of the literature

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第4期16卷 240-242页

作者： Davinder Singh Loveneesh G krishna sunil Dhaka Surender kumar Sumit arora Central Institute of Orthopaedics Vardhman MahavirMedical College & Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi 110029India

Simultaneous fracture/dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal （CMC）joint and dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal （MCP） joint is considered as a rare injury pattern. We report an unusual case of dorsal disloca- tion of MCP joint of the thumb associated with extraarticular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal in a 28-year-old man. The dislocation of MCP joint had been missed during initial presentation at a peripheral centre. The patient made an uneventful recovery following open reduction and fixa- tion with 1.25 mm kirschner wire of the MCP joint along with repair of the ulnar collateral ligament. This injury pat- tern has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge in the English-language based medical literature.

关键词： Carpometacarpaljoints Metacarpopha- langeal joint Thumb

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Agreement in experimental and theoretically obtained electrocaloric effect in optimized Bi^(3+)doped PbZr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48)O_(3)material

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2022年第3期12卷 17-27页

作者： Shubhpreet kaur Mehak arora sunil kumar Parambir Singh Malhi Mandeep Singh Anupinder Singh Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143001 PunjabIndia Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143001 PunjabIndia

This work harmonizes the experimental and theoretical study of electrocaloric effect(ECE)in(Pb_(0.8)Bi_(0.2))(Zr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48))O_(3)solid solution by optimizing sintering ***^(3+)-doped PbZr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48)O_(3)solid solutions were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction *** samples were prepared by varying the sintering temperature.X-ray diffraction study con-firms the crystalline nature of all the *** immense value of polarization has been acquired in the optimized *** maximum adiabatic temperature change of order 2.53 k with electrocaloric strength of 1.26 k mm kV^(−1)has been achieved *** a comparatively close value of ECE has been acquired from the theoretical calculations using a phenomeno-logical ***,a large value(218 mJ cm^(−3))of thermal energy conversion has been obtained using the Olsen cycle.

关键词： Ferroelectrics solid-state reaction method electrocaloric effect energy harvesting

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