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Effects of ocean acidifi cation driven by elevated CO_2 on larval shell growth and abnormal rates of the venerid clam, Mactra veneriformis

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第6期34卷 1191-1198页

作者： Jee-hoon KIM Ok Hwan YU Eun Jin YANG sung-ho kang Won KIM Eun Jung ChoY Division of Polar Ocean Environment Research Korea Polar Research Institute Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Marine Ecosystem Research Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology

A bstract The venerid clam(M actra veneriformis Reeve 1854) is one of the main cultured bivalve species in intertidal and shallow subtidal ecosystems along the west coast of Korea. To understand the effects of ocean acidifi cation on the early life stages of Korean clams, we investigated shell growth and abnormality rates and types in the D-shaped, umbonate veliger, and pediveliger stages of the venerid clam M. veneriformis during exposure to elevated seawater pCO_2. In particular, we examined abnormal types of larval shell morphology categorized as shell deformations, shell distortions, and shell fi ssures. Specimens were incubated in seawater equilibrated with bubbled CO_2-enriched air at(400±25)×10^(-6)(ambient control),(800±25)×10^(-6)(high pCO_2), or(1 200±28)×10^(-6)(extremely high pCO_2), the atmospheric CO_2 concentrations predicted for the years 2014, 2084, and 2154(70-year intervals; two human generations), respectively, in the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 scenario. The mean shell lengths of larvae were signifi cantly decreased in the high and extremely high pCO_2 groups compared with the ambient control groups. Furthermore, under high and extremely high pCO_2 conditions, the cultures exhibited signifi cantly increased abundances of abnormal larvae and increased severity of abnormalities compared with the ambient control. In the umbonate veliger stage of the experimental larvae, the most common abnormalities were shell deformations, distortions, and fi ssures; on the other hand, convex hinges and mantle protuberances were absent. These results suggest that elevated CO_2 exerts an additional burden on the health of M. veneriformis larvae by impairing early development.

关键词： abnormality larval shell growth Mactra veneriformis ocean acidifi cation pCO2

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of FAPbI_(3) for understanding local structure-stability relation in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 549-554页

作者： Dong-ho kang Yong-Jun Park Yun-sung Jeon Nam-Gyu Park School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Korea

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI_(3)) have shown high ***,operational stability has been issued due to phase instability of α phase FAPbI_(3) at ambient *** precursors in the perovskite precursor solution has been proposed to improve not only power conversion efficiency (PCE) but also device ***,there is a controversial issue on the beneficial effect on PCE and/or stability between excess FAI and excess PbI_(2).We report here extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of FAPbI_(3) to study local structural change and explain the effect of excess precursors on photovoltaic performance and *** films prepared from the precursor solution with excess PbI_(2)shows better stability than those from the one with excess FAI,despite similar PCE.A rapid phase transition from α phase to non-perovskite δ phase is observed from the perovskite film formed by excess ***,the (Pb-I) bond distance evaluated by the Pb L_(III)-edge EXAFS study is increased by excess FAI,which is responsible for the phase transition and poor device *** work can provide important insight into local structure-stability relation in the FAPbI_(3)-based PSCs.

关键词： Extended X-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS Excess precursor Local structure Stability Perovskite solar cells

Optical diffraction gratings embedded in BK-7 glass by low-density plasma formation using femtosecond laser

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第A1期21卷 165-169页

作者： Jung-Kyu PARK sung-Hak Cho Kwang-ho KIM Myung-Chang kang Nano Machining Laboratory Korea Institute of Machinery and Material Daejeon 305-343 Korea National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University

The optical embedded diffraction gratings with the internal refractive index modification in BK-7 glass plates were demonstrated using low-density plasma formation excited by a high-intensity femtosecond （130 fs） Ti： sapphire laser （λp=790 rim）. The refractive index modifications with diameters ranging from 400 nm to 4 gm were photoinduced after plasma formation occurred upon irradiation with peak intensities of more than 1 ×10^13 W/cm2. The graded refractive index profile was fabricated to be a symmetric around the center of the point at which low-density plasma occurred. The maximum refractive index change （An） was estimated to be 1.5x10 2. Several optical embedded gratings in BK-7 glass plate were demonstrated with refractive index modification induced by the scanning of low-density plasma formation.

关键词： BK-7 glass plate diffraction grating refractive index modification plasma formation femtosecond laser

Controlled mutual quantum entity authentication using entanglement swapping

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第9期24卷 116-124页

作者： Min-sung kang Chang-ho hong Jino Heo Jong-In Lim Hyung-Jin Yang Center for Information Security Technologies (CIST) Korea University Graduate School of Information Security Korea University Department of Physics Korea University

In this paper, we suggest a controlled mutual quantum entity authentication protocol by which two users mutually certify each other on a quantum network using a sequence of Greenberger–horne–Zeilinger（GHZ）-like states. Unlike existing unidirectional quantum entity authentication, our protocol enables mutual quantum entity authentication utilizing entanglement swapping; moreover, it allows the managing trusted center（TC） or trusted third party（TTP） to effectively control the certification of two users using the nature of the GHZ-like state. We will also analyze the security of the protocol and quantum channel.

关键词： quantum authentication quantum cryptography quantum communication GHZ-like state

The predictability of T3 disease in staging MRI following prostate biopsy decreases in patients with high initial PSA and Gleason score

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 487-493,515页

作者： Young Hwii Ko Deuk Jae sung sung Gu kang Seok ho kang Jeong Gu Lee Je Jong Kim Jun Cheon Department of Urology Korea University School of Medicine Seoul Korea Department of Radiology Korea University School of Medicine Seoul Korea

To obtain improved accuracy in predicting extracapsular extension （ECE） and seminal vesicle invasion （SVI）, we evaluated the variables affecting the predictability of staging magnetic resonance imaging （MRI, phased-array coil） and estimated their impact on accuracy between preoperative MRI staging and histological outcome. A total of 121 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy （RALP） were included. Following transrectal biopsy, all enrolled patients had undergone MRI for staging work-up. After RALP, only 43.8% （53/121） of the patients were matched with the MRI predicted stage. Compared to the matched group in the prediction of ECE, the unmatched group had significantly higher initial prostate-specific antigen （PSA, 12.8 ng m1-1 versus 8.1 ng m1-1, P=0.048）. In the prediction of SVI, initial PSA （8.1 ng ml- 1 versus 17.3 ng ml- 1, P=0.009） and biopsy Gleason score （6.5 versus 7.6, P=0.035） were significantly higher in the unmatched group. When applying clinical cutoffs of initial PSA of 10 and 20 ng ml-1, the accuracy of MRI in the prediction of ECE was decreased in the group with PSA over 20 ng ml- 1 （75.6, 64.5 and 37.5%, P=0.01）, and this group had significantly decreased accuracy of MRI in the prediction of SVI （91.5, 77.4 and 37.5%, P〈0.01）. Applying the clinical cutoff of a Gleason score of 7, the accuracy of MRI in the prediction of SVI was decreased in the higher G leason score group （93.9, 82.1 and 62.9%, P= 0.01）. Thus, for these patient groups, to obtain margin negativity during radical prostatectomy, operative findings, rather than post-biopsy MRI images, may provide substantial information, implying a clinical advantage in conducting MRI before prostate biopsy.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging neoplasm staging prostatic neoplasms

Nitric oxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostatic volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 690-696页

作者： Koo Han Yoo Su kang Kim Joo-ho Chung sung-Goo Chang Department of Urology School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seou1130-702 Korea Kohwang Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-702 Korea

The precise aetiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） remains unclear; however, it is known that immunological inflammatory processes have a role in the pathogenesis of BPH initiation and progression. Nitric oxide synthase 2 （NOS2） inducible expression is closely correlated with prostatic disease, including prostate cancer and BPH. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NOS2 polymorphisms and BPH. With a cohort of 205 controls and 229 BPH subjects, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the NOS2 gene, including rs2779248 （promoter, -278 T/C）, rs 10459953 （5＇-untranslated region） and rs2297518 （exon 16, missense, Ser608Leu）, using direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotypic and allelic frequencies between control and BPH subjects were compared, and the associations among the BPH subjects were analyzed. SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer and HelixTree programmes were used to analyze SNPs. There was no association on SNPs between control and BPH subjects. When BPH subjects were analyzed, there was no association on SNPs between the low and high prostate-specific antigen groups. however, one SNP （rs 10459953, odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.65, P 〈 0.0001, in codominant model; OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12-0.46, P 〈 0.0001, in dominant model; and OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86, P = 0.015, in recessive model） was associated with prostatic volume in BPH. We detected a strong association in genotype frequencies of NOS2 SNP （rs10459953） between subjects with small and large prostatic volume in BPH. The result suggests that NOS2 may be associated with prostatic volume in BPH.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia nitric oxide synthase 2 single nucleotide polymorphism

Highly flexible and transparent conducting silver nanowire/ZnO composite film for organic solar cells

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Nano Research 2014年第9期7卷 1370-1379页

作者： Myungkwan Song Jong Hyun Park Chang Su Kim Dong-ho Kim Yong-Cheol kang sung-ho Jin Won-Yong Jin Jae-Wook kang Surface Technology Division Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 641-831 Republic of Korea OLED Development Group LG Display Co. Ltd. Gyeonggi-do 413-811 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-ro Nam-Gu Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Education Graduate Department of Chemical Materials and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials Pusan National University Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea The Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea

High efficiency and flexible inverted organic solar cells have been fabricated using solution-processed silver nanowire/zinc oxide composite transparent electrodes. The transparent electrodes showed a low sheet resistance of -13 ff）.sq-1 and high transmittance of -93% as well as superior mechanical flexibility. Power conversion efficiencies of -7.57% and -7.21% were achieved for devices fabricated on glass and plastic substrate, respectively. Moreover, the flexible devices did not show any degradation in their performance even after being folded with a radius of-480 μm.

关键词： silver nanowire flexible transparent conductingelectrode inverted organic solar cell

Material properties and machining performance of hybrid Ti_2AlN bulk material for micro electrical discharge machining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 781-786页

作者： Eui-Seong ChoI Jinwoo sung Qi-min WANG Kwang-ho KIM Ahmed BUSNAINA Myung Chang kang National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringNortheastern University

Mn+1AXn(MAX) phases are a family of nanolaminated compounds that possess unique combination of typical ceramic properties and typical metallic *** a member of MAX phase,Ti2 AlN bulk materials are attractive for some high-temperature *** synthesis,characteristics and machining performance of hybrid Ti2 AlN bulk materials were focused on in this *** bulk samples mainly consisting of Ti2 AlN MAX phase with density close to theoretic one were synthesized by a spark plasma sintering *** electron microscopy results indicate homogenous distribution of Ti2 AlN grains in the ***-hardness values are almost constant under different loads (6-6.5 GPa).A machining test was carried out to compare the effect of material properties on micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) performance for Ti2 AlN bulk samples and Ti6242 *** machining performance of the Ti2 AlN sample is better than that of the Ti6242 *** inherent mechanism was discussed by considering their electrical and thermal conductivity.

关键词： hybrid Ti2AlN bulk micro-electrical discharge machining electrical conductivity micro-hole shape

Internal modification in transparent hybrid germanium-silica plates using plasma formation induced by a femtosecond laser

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 808-812页

作者： Ji-Wook YOON Jung-Kyu PARK Kwang-ho KIM Myung-Chang kang sung-Hak Cho Nano Machining Laboratory Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials Department of Nano-Mechatronics University of Science and Technology National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University

The fabrication of an internal diffraction grating with photoinduced refractive index modification in planar hybrid germanium-silica plates was demonstrated using low-density plasma formation excited by a high-intensity femtosecond (150 fs) Ti:sapphire laser (λp=790 nm).The refractive index modifications with diameters ranging from 400 nm to 3 μm were photoinduced after plasma formation occurred upon irradiation with peak intensities of more than 2×1013 W/*** graded refractive index profile was fabricated to be a symmetric around from the center of the point at which low-density plasma occurred.

关键词： diffraction grating refractive index modification plasma formation hybrid germanium-silica plate femtosecond laser