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Are prostatic calculi independent predictive factors of lower urinary tract symptoms？

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第2期12卷 221-226页

作者： sung-woo park jong-kil nam sang-don lee moon-kee chung Medical Research Institute and Department of Urology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan 626-770Korea

We determined the correlation between prostatic calculi and lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS）,as well as the predisposing factors of prostatic calculi. Of the 1 527 patients who presented at our clinic for LUTS,802underwent complete evaluations,including transrectal ultrasonography,voided bladder-3 specimen and international prostatic symptoms score （IPSS）. A total of 335 patients with prostatic calculi and 467 patients without prostatic calculi were divided into calculi and no calculi groups,respectively. Predictive factors of severe LUTS and prostatic calculi were determined using uni/multivariate analysis. The overall IPSS score was 15.7±9.2 and 14.1±9.1 in the calculi and no calculi group,respectively （P = 0.013）. The maximum flow rate was 12.1±6.9 and 14.2±8.2 mL s^（-1） in the calculi and no calculi group,respectively （P = 0.003）. On univariate analysis for predicting factors of severe LUTS,differences on age （P = 0.042）,prostatic calculi （P = 0.048） and prostatitis （P = 0.018） were statistically significant. However,on multivariate analysis,no factor was significant. On multivariate analysis for predisposing factors of prostatic calculi,differences on age （P〈0.001） and prostate volume （P = 0.001） were significant. To our knowledge,patients who have prostatic calculi complain of more severe LUTS. However,prostatic calculi are not an independent predictive factor of severe LUTS. Therefore,men with prostatic calculi have more severe LUTS not only because of prostatic calculi but also because of age and other factors. In addition,old age and large prostate volume are independent predisposing factors for prostatic calculi.

关键词： micturition prostate prostatic diseases

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Integration of the Premium Power Supply on Electric Power System

Integration of the Premium Power Supply on Electric Power Sy...

引用

2005国际电机与系统学术会议

作者： Jin-woo park Il-Yop chung Kyoung-nam Kim jong-Hun lee Seung-Il moon Byung-moon Han School of Electrical Engineering and computer sciences Seoul National University Department of Electrical Engineering Myung-Ji University

＜正＞ This paper describes an inverter-interfaced distributed generation （DG） system that is interconnected with the electric power system （EPS）. This system has two main goals such as to serve the customer with reliable electric power and to improve power quality like harmonics and voltage event. This system is interfaced through the series and the shunt inverters because inverters are effective to control the output voltage and current. The shunt inverter can serve electric power to the customer and keep the harmonic current from flowing into the power system whereas the series inverter can compensate the voltage events such as voltage sag, swell, and interruption. Because DGs are interconnected with the electric power system, DGs should have countermeasures against disturbances from the electric power system. This paper proposes the operating strategy of DGs including parallel operation mode, transition mode, and independent operation mode in consideration for the protection, islanding, and power quality. Using this operating strategy, the site load can be served high quality power.

关键词： Distributed Generation (DG) Interconnection Inverters Power Quality Premium Power Supply (PPS) PSCAD/EMTDC

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