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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1369-1405页

作者： Kevin Bui Yifei Lou Fredrick park Jack Xin Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA 92697-3875USA Department of Mathematics University of North CarolinaChapel HillChapel HillNC 27599.USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Whittier CollegeWhittierCA 90602USA

In this paper,we design an efficient,multi-stage image segmentation framework that incorporates a weighted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation(AITV).The segmentation framework generally consists of two stages:smoothing and thresholding,thus referred to as smoothing-and-thresholding(SaT).In the first stage,a smoothed image is obtained by an AITV-regularized Mumford-Shah(MS)model,which can be solved efficiently by the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMMs)with a closed-form solution of a proximal operator of the l_(1)-αl_(2) *** convergence of the ADMM algorithm is *** the second stage,we threshold the smoothed image by K-means clustering to obtain the final segmentation *** experiments demonstrate that the proposed segmentation framework is versatile for both grayscale and color images,effcient in producing high-quality segmentation results within a few seconds,and robust to input images that are corrupted with noise,blur,or *** compare the AITV method with its original convex TV and nonconvex TVP(O

关键词： Image segmentation Non-convex optimization Mumford-Shah(MS)model Alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMMs) Proximal operator

Extracellular vesicles for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 491-492页

作者： Young-Ju Lim Wook-Tae park Gun Woo Lee Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yeungnam University Medical CenterYeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguKorea

What is spinal cord injury:Spinal cord injury(SCI)is the damage to the structure of the bundles of cells and nerves that communicate signals from the brain to the body and *** pathology of SCI includes both primary and secondary injuries(Morales et al.,2016).Physical forces such as compression,shearing,contusion,and tearing are major causes of primary injury in *** are two main processes in primary injury:acute and *** acute phase includes traumatic disruption of axons and hemorrhage of the blood vessels around the spinal *** injury to the vessels can lead to increased edema within the neural and cord tissues,susceptibility to infiltration by microglia and astrocytes,excitotoxicity,and ***,disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier results in the release of inflammatory cytokines from specific cells and vessels.

关键词： acute injuries nerves

NOON-state interference in the frequency domain

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 843-851页

作者： Dongjin Lee woncheol Shin Sebae park Junyeop Kim Heedeuk Shin Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673South Korea

The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics,extending to high dimensional quantum states,and promising the scalability of quantum *** this paper,we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50%probability using Bragg scattering four-wave *** two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain,manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference,showing the outstanding stability of the *** successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.

关键词： quantum state showing

Acetylacetone-TiO_(2) Promoted Large Area Compatible Cascade Electron Transport Bilayer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 221-228页

作者： Hyong Joon Lee Jin Kyoung park Jin Hyuck Heo Sang Hyuk Im Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-guSeoul 17104Korea

In designing efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the selection of suitable electron transport layers(ETLs)is critical to the final device performance as they determine the driving force for selective charge ***_(2)nanoparticles(NPs)based ETLs have been a popular choice for PSCs due to superior electron mobility,but their relatively deep-lying conduction band energy levels(ECB)result in substantial potential ***,TiO_(2)NPs establish favorable band alignment owing to shallower ECB,but their low intrinsic mobility and abundant surface trap sites impede the final *** this reason,constructing a cascaded bilayer ETL is highly desirable for efficient PSCs,as it can rearrange energy levels and exploit on advantages of an individual *** this study,we prepare SnO_(2)NPs and acetylacetone-modified TiO_(2)(Acac-TiO_(2))NPs and implement them as bilayer SnO_(2)/Acac-TiO_(2)(BST)ETL,to assemble cascaded energy band ***_(2)contributes to rapid charge carrier transport from high electron mobility while Acac-TiO_(2)minimizes band-offset and effectively suppresses interfacial ***,the optimized BST ETL generates synergistic influence and delivers power conversion efficiency(PCE)as high as 23.14%with open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))reaching 1.14 ***,the BST ETL is transferred to a large scale and the corresponding mini module demonstrates peak performance of 18.39%PCE from 25 cm^(2)aperture ***,the BST-based mini module exhibit excellent stability,maintaining 83.1%of its initial efficiency after 1000 h under simultaneous 1 Sun light-soaking and damp heat(85℃/RH 85%)environment.

关键词： acetylacetone large area perovskite solar cells TiO_(2)

Depolarization mitigated in ferroelectric Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)ultrathin films(<5 nm)on Si substrate by interface engineering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 282-292页

作者： Se Hyun Kim Younghwan Lee Dong Hyun Lee Geun Hyeong park Hyun Woo Jeong Kun Yang Yong Hyeon Cho Young Yong Kim Min Hyuk park Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science&TechnologyPohang 790784Republic of Korea

(Hf,Zr)O_(2)offers considerable potential for next-generation semiconductor devices owing to its nonvolatile spontaneous polarization at the ***,scaling this material to sub-5 nm thickness poses several challenges,including the formation of an interfacial layer and high trap *** particular,a low-k SiO_(2)interfacial layer is naturally formed when(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films are directly grown on a Si substrate,leading to high depolarization fields and rapid reduction of the remanent *** address these issues,we conducted a study to significantly improve ferroelectricity and switching endurance of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films with sub-5 nm thicknesses by inserting a TiO_(2)interfacial *** deposition of a Ti film prior to Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film deposition resulted in a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer and prevented the direct contact of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)with *** findings show that the high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer can reduce the SiO_(2)/Si interface trap density and the depolarization field,resulting in a switchable polarization of 60.2μC/cm^(2)for a 5 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)***,we propose that inserting a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer between the Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film and the Si substrate may offer a promising solution to enhancing the ferroelectricity and reliability of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)grown on the Si substrate and can pave the way for next-generation semiconductor devices with improved performance.

关键词： ferroelectric charge trapping hafnia depolarization

Ultrasound-guided sphenopalatine ganglion block for effective analgesia during awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2451-2456页

作者： Hangil Kang Seongjae park Yehun Jin Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine National Cancer CenterGoyang-si 10408Gyeonggi-doSouth Korea

BACKGROUND Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation(AFNI)is the preferred airway ma-nagement strategy for patients with difficult ***,this procedure can cause significant physical and psychological *** case report explores the application of a sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)block as an alternative anal-gesic modality to mitigate the discomfort associated with *** SUMMARY A 63-year-old female with a history of right maxillary osteosarcoma underwent craniotomy for a suspected malignant brain *** patient’s medical history included prior surgery,chemotherapy,and radiation therapy,resulting in signi-ficant jaw impairment and limited neck *** the anticipated air-way challenges,AFNI was planned.A SPG block was performed under real-time ultrasound guidance,providing effective analgesia during nasotracheal *** The SPG block represents a promising analgesic approach in AFNI,offering po-tential benefits in alleviating pain involving the nasal and nasopharyngeal regions as well as improving patient cooperation.

关键词： Sphenopalatine ganglion block Nerve block Regional anesthesia Analgesia Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation Case report

Congestive ischemic colitis successfully treated with antiinflammatory therapy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 142-147页

作者： Geon Woo Lee Su Bum park Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and TechnologyPusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan 50612South Korea

BACKGROUND Congestive ischemic colitis is a rare subtype of ischemic colitis with an unknown *** conservative management,such as fasting,no established treatment exists;therefore,surgical intervention should be considered in some cases if symptoms *** literature suggests that anti-inflam-matory agents may effectively treat congestive ischemic *** SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient who underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy for transverse colon cancer 3 years ***,follow-up included an annual colonoscopy and abdominal computed tomography(CT)at a local ***,progressive erythema and edema of the sigmoid colon were observed 1 year *** admission to our hospital,she complained of abdominal pain and *** CT showed thickening of the sigmoid colon walls,and colonoscopy revealed erythema,edema,and multiple ulcers with exudate in the sigmoid *** angiography showed engorgement of the sigmoid vasa recta without any vascular *** diagnosis was congestive ischemic colitis,and we treated the patient with anti-inflammatory *** 2 mo of glucocorticoid therapy(20 mg once daily)and 7 mo of 5-aminosalicylate therapy(1 g twice daily),the ulcers completely *** has not experienced any recurrence for 2 *** Anti-inflammatory therapy,specifically glucocorticoids and 5-aminosalicylate,has demonstrated promising efficacy and introduces potential novel treatment options for congestive ischemic colitis.

关键词： Ischemic colitis Glucocorticoids 5-aminosalicylate Colon cancer

Translation and psychometric validation of the Korean version of the academic nurse self-efficacy scale for Korean bachelor-level nursing students

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第2期11卷 209-219页

作者： Eunkyung Lee Jin-Hwa park College of Nursing Institute of Nursing ScienceDaegu Catholic UniversityNam-guDaegu 42472Republic of Korea

Objective:This study aimed to translate the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy scale(ANSE),assess its appropriateness for use in Korean nursing students,and evaluate the Korean Version of the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy scale’s(K-ANSE)validity and ***:The data of 444 nursing college students at 10 universities across the country were collected from November 1,2020 to June 8,*** K-ANSE was analyzed utilizing SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 *** K-ANSE’s content validity,construct validity,convergent/discriminant validity,criterion-related validity,and reliability were ***:Internal emotion management,auto-regulatory behavior,external emotion management,and sociality were *** Cronbach’sαfor the overall scale was 0.87,and that of the 4 subscales ranged from 0.70 to ***:The Korean version of the ANSE seems to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure Korean bachelor-level nursing students.

关键词： academic self-efficacy Baccalaureate confirmatory factor analysis nursing students psychometrics translation and adaptation

Liquid Metal Grid Patterned Thin Film Devices Toward Absorption‑Dominant and Strain‑Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 541-553页

作者： Yuwen Wei Priyanuj Bhuyan Suk Jin Kwon Sihyun Kim Yejin Bae Mukesh Singh Duy Thanh Tran Minjeong Ha Kwang‑Un Jeong Xing Ma Byeongjin park sungjune park Department of Polymer‑Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Convergence EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Composites Research Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering and Sauvage Laboratory for Smart MaterialsHarbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China

The demand of high-performance thin-film-shaped deformable electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding devices is increasing for the next generation of wearable and miniaturized soft *** highly reflective conductive materials can effectively shield EMI,they prevent deformation of the devices owing to rigidity and generate secondary electromagnetic pollution ***,soft and stretchable EMI shielding thin film devices with absorption-dominant EMI shielding behavior is *** devices consist of liquid metal(LM)layer and LM grid-patterned layer separated by a thin elastomeric film,fabricated by leveraging superior adhesion of aerosol-deposited LM on *** devices demonstrate high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE)(SE_(T) of up to 75 dB)with low reflectance(SER of 1.5 dB at the resonant frequency)owing to EMI absorption induced by multiple internal reflection generated in the LM grid ***,the excellent stretchability of the LM-based devices facilitates tunable EMI shielding abilities through grid space adjustment upon strain(resonant frequency shift from 81.3 to 71.3 GHz@33%strain)and is also capable of retaining shielding effectiveness even after multiple strain *** newly explored device presents an advanced paradigm for powerful EMI shielding performance for next-generation smart electronics.

关键词： Absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference shielding Liquid metals Soft and stretchable electronics Thin film devices Tunable electromagnetic interference shielding

Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 159-178页

作者： Sujeevan RAJENDRAN Hyeonseo park Jiyoung KIM Soon Ju park Dongjin SHIN Jong-Hee LEE Young Hun SONG Nam-Chon PAEK Chul Min KIM Department of Horticulture Industry Wonkwang UniversityIksan 54538Korea Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang 50424Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global *** soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by *** fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane *** plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing *** from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane *** haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane ***,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane *** agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane ***,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are ***,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding *** has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane *** reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and *** emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical *** review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted

关键词： methane emission rice breeding aerenchyma greenhouse gas radial oxygen loss